第第PAGE\MERGEFORMAT1頁(yè)共NUMPAGES\MERGEFORMAT1頁(yè)護(hù)理考試簡(jiǎn)答題題庫(kù)及答案解析（含答案及解析）姓名：科室/部門(mén)/班級(jí)：得分：題型單選題多選題判斷題填空題簡(jiǎn)答題案例分析題總分得分

一、單選題（共15分）

1.在護(hù)理工作中，對(duì)患者進(jìn)行病情觀察時(shí)，哪項(xiàng)不屬于生命體征的監(jiān)測(cè)范疇？（）______分

A.體溫、脈搏、呼吸、血壓

B.血氧飽和度、疼痛評(píng)分

C.尿量、皮膚顏色

D.意識(shí)狀態(tài)、瞳孔大小

2.給患者進(jìn)行靜脈輸液時(shí)，選擇穿刺部位應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮哪個(gè)原則？（）______分

A.距離心臟越近越好

B.皮膚顏色越白越好

C.遠(yuǎn)離關(guān)節(jié)和神經(jīng)血管

D.隨意選擇，方便操作

3.對(duì)于意識(shí)障礙的患者，護(hù)士在溝通時(shí)應(yīng)采取哪種主要方式？（）______分

A.大聲喊叫，確保其能聽(tīng)到

B.使用非語(yǔ)言溝通，如手勢(shì)、面部表情

C.只進(jìn)行書(shū)面溝通，避免口頭交流

D.等待患者主動(dòng)發(fā)起對(duì)話

4.護(hù)理工作中，“無(wú)菌技術(shù)”的核心目的是什么？（）______分

A.消除所有微生物

B.防止無(wú)菌物品被污染

C.提高患者免疫力

D.減少護(hù)士工作強(qiáng)度

5.發(fā)現(xiàn)患者病情突然變化，護(hù)士應(yīng)首先采取什么行動(dòng)？（）______分

A.立即通知家屬

B.查閱病歷，確認(rèn)變化

C.向醫(yī)生匯報(bào)并執(zhí)行醫(yī)囑

D.繼續(xù)觀察，等待變化加劇

6.護(hù)理記錄書(shū)寫(xiě)的基本要求不包括以下哪項(xiàng)？（）______分

A.及時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確、客觀、完整

B.使用醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)，力求專業(yè)

C.書(shū)寫(xiě)工整，字跡清晰

D.可以適當(dāng)使用縮寫(xiě)和符號(hào)

7.為患者進(jìn)行肌肉注射時(shí)，哪個(gè)部位通常不作為首選穿刺點(diǎn)？（）______分

A.臀大肌外側(cè)上部

B.三角肌

C.股外側(cè)肌

D.上臂內(nèi)側(cè)

8.護(hù)士在執(zhí)行醫(yī)囑時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)醫(yī)囑存在明顯錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)采取什么行動(dòng)？（）______分

A.按照醫(yī)囑執(zhí)行，但加強(qiáng)觀察

B.與開(kāi)具醫(yī)囑的醫(yī)生溝通確認(rèn)

C.拒絕執(zhí)行醫(yī)囑，并向上級(jí)匯報(bào)

D.先執(zhí)行一半，觀察效果再?zèng)Q定

9.哪項(xiàng)不是鋪無(wú)菌盤(pán)的正確步驟？（）______分

A.手臂保持在腰部以上，肘部夾緊

B.使用無(wú)菌持物鉗夾取無(wú)菌巾

C.無(wú)菌物品中心朝向操作者

D.鋪好的無(wú)菌盤(pán)應(yīng)盡快使用，不得超過(guò)4小時(shí)

10.對(duì)長(zhǎng)期臥床患者進(jìn)行皮膚護(hù)理時(shí)，預(yù)防壓瘡的關(guān)鍵措施是？（）______分

A.每天使用按摩膏按摩受壓部位

B.保持床鋪干燥、平整、清潔

C.定時(shí)更換體位，至少每2小時(shí)一次

D.為患者穿緊身衣，固定身體

11.靜脈輸液出現(xiàn)空氣栓塞時(shí)，患者最早可能出現(xiàn)的癥狀是？（）______分

A.呼吸困難、咳嗽、胸痛

B.發(fā)熱、寒戰(zhàn)、頭痛

C.惡心、嘔吐、心悸

D.四肢麻木、無(wú)力、刺痛

12.護(hù)理工作中，與患者建立良好護(hù)患關(guān)系的核心是？（）______分

A.嚴(yán)格遵守規(guī)章制度

B.展現(xiàn)專業(yè)知識(shí)和技能

C.尊重、理解、關(guān)愛(ài)患者

D.積極完成各項(xiàng)工作任務(wù)

13.口腔護(hù)理時(shí)，為患者清潔口腔，哪種漱口液適用于昏迷患者？（）______分

A.朵貝爾溶液（復(fù)方硼酸溶液）

B.生理鹽水

C.1%-3%過(guò)氧化氫溶液

D.0.1%氯己定溶液

14.患者因疼痛要求使用止痛藥，護(hù)士評(píng)估后認(rèn)為疼痛程度不重，此時(shí)應(yīng)如何處理？（）______分

A.立即遵醫(yī)囑給藥

B.告知患者稍等，觀察一會(huì)兒

C.解釋疼痛評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，暫不給藥

D.報(bào)告醫(yī)生，由醫(yī)生決定是否給藥

15.輸液過(guò)程中，患者主訴穿刺部位腫脹、疼痛，護(hù)士首先應(yīng)考慮？（）______分

A.輸液速度過(guò)快

B.針頭發(fā)生移位或堵塞

C.患者過(guò)敏反應(yīng)

D.穿刺部位靜脈炎

二、多選題（共20分，多選、錯(cuò)選、少選均不得分）

16.以下哪些屬于護(hù)理評(píng)估的內(nèi)容？（）______分

A.患者的生理狀況（如生命體征、疼痛程度）

B.患者的心理狀態(tài)（如情緒、焦慮程度）

C.患者的社會(huì)狀況（如家庭支持、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況）

D.患者的既往病史和過(guò)敏史

E.護(hù)理人員的個(gè)人喜好

17.在進(jìn)行無(wú)菌操作時(shí)，以下哪些行為是正確的？（）______分

A.操作前洗手并穿戴清潔衣物

B.操作環(huán)境清潔、干燥、無(wú)塵

C.手臂保持在腰部或胸前水平

D.使用無(wú)菌持物鉗夾取無(wú)菌物品時(shí)，鉗端始終朝上

E.操作過(guò)程中說(shuō)話、咳嗽、打噴嚏

18.對(duì)發(fā)熱患者進(jìn)行物理降溫時(shí)，常用的方法包括哪些？（）______分

A.頭部放置冰袋或冷濕敷

B.溫水擦浴

C.減少衣物，增加通風(fēng)

D.使用退熱貼

E.鼓勵(lì)患者多喝水

19.護(hù)士在收集患者信息時(shí)，應(yīng)注意哪些原則？（）______分

A.尊重患者的隱私權(quán)

B.語(yǔ)言通俗易懂，避免使用專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)

C.傾聽(tīng)為主，適時(shí)提問(wèn)

D.記錄信息要準(zhǔn)確、完整

E.只記錄對(duì)患者治療有直接關(guān)系的信息

20.患者出院時(shí)，護(hù)士進(jìn)行健康教育的內(nèi)容包括哪些方面？（）______分

A.藥物使用指導(dǎo)

B.飲食指導(dǎo)

C.運(yùn)動(dòng)指導(dǎo)

D.病情觀察指導(dǎo)

E.費(fèi)用結(jié)算說(shuō)明

三、判斷題（共10分，每題0.5分）

21.護(hù)理記錄應(yīng)使用藍(lán)黑墨水或鋼筆書(shū)寫(xiě)，不得使用圓珠筆或鉛筆。（）______分

22.為患者進(jìn)行鼻飼喂食時(shí)，應(yīng)先檢查胃管是否在胃內(nèi)。（）______分

23.護(hù)士在執(zhí)行醫(yī)囑時(shí)，有權(quán)拒絕執(zhí)行違反法律法規(guī)的醫(yī)囑。（）______分

24.患者發(fā)生跌倒時(shí)，護(hù)士應(yīng)首先檢查其頭部有無(wú)損傷。（）______分

25.無(wú)菌物品一旦打開(kāi)，無(wú)論使用與否，均需在4小時(shí)內(nèi)使用完畢。（）______分

26.護(hù)士在為患者進(jìn)行肌肉注射前，應(yīng)確認(rèn)患者有無(wú)相關(guān)藥物過(guò)敏史。（）______分

27.口腔護(hù)理的目的是保持口腔清潔、預(yù)防口腔感染。（）______分

28.患者自述疼痛程度為7分（使用0-10數(shù)字評(píng)分法），護(hù)士應(yīng)認(rèn)為其疼痛較重，需立即處理。（）______分

29.護(hù)理工作中，與同事之間的溝通協(xié)作不重要。（）______分

30.患者出院后，護(hù)士無(wú)需再進(jìn)行任何隨訪或指導(dǎo)。（）______分

四、填空題（共10空，每空1分，共10分）

31.護(hù)理工作的核心是______，其宗旨是“以患者為中心”。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

32.無(wú)菌技術(shù)是指在有嚴(yán)格規(guī)定和______的條件下，防止一切微生物侵入人體或污染無(wú)菌物品的技術(shù)。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

33.對(duì)于意識(shí)障礙的患者，護(hù)士應(yīng)優(yōu)先采用______溝通方式，并根據(jù)其反應(yīng)調(diào)整溝通內(nèi)容和方式。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

34.護(hù)理記錄應(yīng)使用______墨水或鋼筆書(shū)寫(xiě)，字跡需______、清晰，不得涂改。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

35.靜脈輸液時(shí)，若患者主訴穿刺部位疼痛、腫脹，護(hù)士應(yīng)首先考慮______的可能性，并立即進(jìn)行處理。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

36.護(hù)士在為患者進(jìn)行肌肉注射前，應(yīng)評(píng)估患者_(dá)_____、注射部位______及藥物性質(zhì)。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

37.口腔護(hù)理的目的是保持口腔______、預(yù)防口腔感染和______，促進(jìn)患者舒適。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

38.護(hù)理工作中，與患者溝通時(shí)應(yīng)注意語(yǔ)言______、態(tài)度______，并尊重患者的______。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

39.患者出院時(shí)，護(hù)士應(yīng)進(jìn)行______，指導(dǎo)患者出院后的______、飲食、運(yùn)動(dòng)、用藥及______等方面的注意事項(xiàng)。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

40.護(hù)士在執(zhí)行醫(yī)囑時(shí)，應(yīng)遵循______、______、______的原則，確?；颊甙踩_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

五、簡(jiǎn)答題（共35分）

41.簡(jiǎn)述鋪無(wú)菌盤(pán)的操作要點(diǎn)。（10分）

答：

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

42.如何對(duì)長(zhǎng)期臥床患者進(jìn)行壓瘡的預(yù)防與護(hù)理？（10分）

答：

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

43.簡(jiǎn)述護(hù)患溝通的原則和技巧。（10分）

答：

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

44.在護(hù)理工作中，如何確?；颊哂盟幇踩?？（5分）

答：

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

45.簡(jiǎn)述患者病情突然變化時(shí)，護(hù)士應(yīng)采取的應(yīng)急措施。（5分）

答：

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

六、案例分析題（共20分）

46.案例背景：

患者，男，65歲，因“高血壓、糖尿病”入院治療3天。今日患者自述全身乏力，食欲不振，體溫38.5℃，訴右下肢疼痛，活動(dòng)受限。護(hù)士測(cè)量生命體征：T38.5℃，P96次/分，R22次/分，BP150/95mmHg。右下肢皮溫稍高，可見(jiàn)輕度腫脹，壓痛（+）。

問(wèn)題：

（1）分析患者目前可能存在的護(hù)理問(wèn)題有哪些？（6分）

（2）針對(duì)患者目前情況，護(hù)士應(yīng)采取哪些護(hù)理措施？（10分）

（3）請(qǐng)為該患者制定一份簡(jiǎn)要的健康教育計(jì)劃。（4分）

答：

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________