【高頻考點(diǎn)解密】2023年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)講義+分層訓(xùn)練（全國(guó)通用）01.名詞核心考點(diǎn)1名詞的數(shù)1．可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)（不規(guī)則變化）（1）單、復(fù)數(shù)同形。如：means，aircraft，deer，fish，Chinese，Japanese，sheep。（2）合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。如：boyfriend→boyfriends，go-between→go-betweens（中間人），grown-up→grown-ups，passer-by→passers-by,looker-on→lookers-on,womandoctor→womendoctors。（3）只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞。此類名詞往往以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，表示“衣服”、“工具”等的總稱，不能用具體的數(shù)字修飾，也不能加不定冠詞a／an，但可以用apairof／twopairsof，many等修飾。如：clothes，tights，jeans，pajamas，pants，shorts，socks，stockings，trousers，glasses，chopsticks，compasses，pincers，scissors，scales等；另外一類總是以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但不能用具體的數(shù)字修飾，也不能用a／an，apairof等修飾，只能用many，agreatmany，alotof等修飾。如：belongings，congratulations，contents，earnings，fireworks，goods，leavings，pains，spirits，savings，stairs，surroundings，wages，arms等。（4）集體名詞的數(shù)。有些集體名詞通常只用作復(fù)數(shù)，如：people，cattle，police；有些名詞只用作單數(shù)，如：machinery，furniture，mankind，jewellery；有些名詞既可用作單數(shù)又可用作復(fù)數(shù)，單數(shù)看作整體，復(fù)數(shù)看作集體的各個(gè)成員。如：Thecrewislarge.船員人數(shù)很多（指整體）。Thecrewarealltired.船員們都累壞了（指?jìng)€(gè)體）。名詞的數(shù)及詞性變化可以在語(yǔ)法填空中進(jìn)行考查?！究祭?】（2022年全國(guó)甲卷）CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental______(protect).(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】protection【詳解】考查名詞。句意：Cao和Wu還沿路收集垃圾，以促進(jìn)環(huán)境保護(hù)。根據(jù)句意和前文promoteenvironmental可知，此處應(yīng)用其名詞形式protection，作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)，此處protection為不可數(shù)名詞。故填protection。【考例2】KomodoNationalPark,officiallyrecognizedin1980,ispopularforecotourismbecauseofitsuniquebiodiversity.________(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)【答案】Activities【詳解】考查名詞。句意：1980年被正式承認(rèn)的科莫多國(guó)家公園因其獨(dú)特的生物多樣性而受到生態(tài)旅游的歡迎。從觀鯨到徒步旅行，那里有各種各樣的活動(dòng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處位于句首，在句中作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞range可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填給定的可數(shù)名詞activity的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填A(yù)ctivities。【考例3】The________(possible)thatthereislifeonotherplanetsintheuniversehasalwaysinspiredscientiststoexploretheouterspace.【答案】possibility【詳解】考查名詞。句意：宇宙中其他行星上存在生命的可能性一直激勵(lì)著科學(xué)家探索外層空間。該空作句子主語(yǔ)，用名詞，thatthereislifeonotherplanetsintheuniverse是同位語(yǔ)從句，特指“這個(gè)可能”，用名詞單數(shù)，故填possibility。【考例4】Historical____(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.【答案】accuracy【詳解】考查名詞。句意:歷史的準(zhǔn)確性很重要，但娛樂(lè)也很重要。此處做主語(yǔ)，位于形容詞historical之后，應(yīng)使用名詞，意為“歷史的準(zhǔn)確性”。故填accuracy?！究祭?】Thehealthsecuritysystemsofmanycountriesareundergoingconsiderable________(transform).【答案】transformation【詳解】考查名詞。句意：許多國(guó)家的衛(wèi)生安全體系正在經(jīng)歷重大變革。作賓語(yǔ)，表示“變革”應(yīng)用名詞transformation，不可數(shù)。故填transformation?！究祭?】Filledwith__________(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.【答案】curiosity【詳解】考查名詞。句意：這位藝術(shù)家充滿了好奇心，收拾行囊離開了。作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞curiosity，表抽象概念，不可數(shù)。故填curiosity?！究祭?】I’mnotChinese,butIloveChineseNewYear.TherearemanyfunNewYear________(celebrate),butnothingquitematchestheexcitementoftheliondancewhichcanwakeupthespiritcompletely.【答案】celebrations【詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：我不是中國(guó)人，但我喜歡中國(guó)人的新年。有很多有趣的新年慶典，但沒(méi)有什么能完全匹配舞獅的興奮，它可以完全振奮精神?？仗幨莟herebe句型的主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞形式，celebration慶典，慶祝活動(dòng)，是可數(shù)名詞，由many可知，此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填celebrations?！究祭?】Beautifullyrestored（修復(fù)）toits1860appearance,thehousewasAbrahamandMaryLincoln'shomefor17years.In1844theyboughtitfor$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheir________（marry）ceremonyin1842.【答案】marriage【詳解】考查名詞。句意：這座被精美地修復(fù)到它1860年外貌的房子亞伯拉罕和瑪麗·林肯生活了17年的家。1844年，他們以1200美元的價(jià)格從查爾斯·德萊瑟手中買下了這座房子和一些土地，查爾斯·德萊瑟在1842年舉行了他們的婚禮。結(jié)合設(shè)空前的形容詞性物主代詞their可知，此處要用名詞形式；結(jié)合設(shè)空處后的ceremony，可知此處意為“婚禮”；提示詞marry意為“婚姻”，其名詞形式為marriage，marriageceremony意為“婚禮”。故填marriage?！究祭?】Nowadays,the___________（prior）fortravellingisshifted（轉(zhuǎn)換）fromshoppingtofoodandscenery.【答案】priority【詳解】考查名詞。句意：如今，旅游的重點(diǎn)從購(gòu)物轉(zhuǎn)向了食品和風(fēng)景。分析可知，空處為名詞做主語(yǔ)，priority表示“優(yōu)先考慮的事物”，為不可數(shù)名詞，符合句意。故填priority。【考例10】（2021全國(guó)甲卷）Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand________(watchtower)tofakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeople.【答案】watchtowers【詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：據(jù)說(shuō)你可以在兩個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)完成，但我們?cè)诓煌拇箝T和瞭望臺(tái)停下來(lái)拍照，或者只是看當(dāng)?shù)厝诉M(jìn)行他們的日常生活。根據(jù)句意以及前文形容詞different(不同的)可知，此處應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞watchtower的復(fù)數(shù)形式和gates并列作介詞at的賓語(yǔ)。故填watchtowers。【考例11】Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular________(interesting)toscientists.【答案】interest【詳解】考查名詞。句意：科學(xué)家們對(duì)月球的背面特別感興趣。“beof＋n.”結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于形容詞，故應(yīng)用interesting的名詞interest(不可數(shù))作介詞賓語(yǔ)。故填interest。【考例12】Byabout6000BC,peoplehaddiscoveredthebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththe_________(season),plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.【答案】seasons【詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：大約在公元前6000年，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了最好的作物和飼養(yǎng)的動(dòng)物。后來(lái)，他們學(xué)會(huì)了與季節(jié)相適應(yīng)，在合適的時(shí)間種植，在干旱地區(qū)，利用每年的洪水灌溉他們的田地。根據(jù)常識(shí)和語(yǔ)境可知，人們開始按照季節(jié)更替來(lái)種植莊稼，season為可數(shù)名詞，此處應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填seasons?！究祭?3】Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014thatshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall______(cause).【答案】causes【詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：一項(xiàng)研究表明，僅僅每天5到10分鐘的跑步，就能減少各種原因的心臟病和早亡。分析句子可知，形容詞all修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填causes?！究祭?4】MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma__________(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.【答案】scientist【詳解】考查名詞。句意：我叫MireyaMayor，我是一名研究像猿類和猴子這類動(dòng)物的科學(xué)家。分析句子可知，句子“whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys”在句中作定語(yǔ)，是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾空格處的名詞，根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句句意推知，空格處需填表示職業(yè)的名詞，science作為名詞，表示“科學(xué)”的意思，需轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞scientist，表示“科學(xué)家”的意思，由空格前的不定冠詞a可知，名詞scientist需用單數(shù)形式。故填scientist?！究祭?5】FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimetocook.MakingChinese________(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.【答案】dishes【詳解】考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：我認(rèn)識(shí)的人中好像很少有人喜歡或是有時(shí)間做飯。制作中式菜肴尤其被認(rèn)為麻煩。dish是可數(shù)名詞，其前無(wú)單數(shù)限定詞，故用其復(fù)數(shù)形式dishes。故填dishes。核心考點(diǎn)2名詞的功能及詞義辨析名詞的功能（1）可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Maryistomeetyouattheairport.（2）作定語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中有些名詞沒(méi)有其對(duì)應(yīng)的同根形容詞，這些名詞可以直接用來(lái)作定語(yǔ)修飾另一個(gè)名詞。①分類意義airpollution空氣污染；coffeecup咖啡杯；bodylanguage身體語(yǔ)言；roadaccident交通事故；②時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、稱呼等DoctorJack杰克醫(yī)生；ProfessorLi李教授；eveningschool夜校；wintersleep冬眠③表目的、來(lái)源、材料、所屬意義receptiondesk接待臺(tái)；sportsfield田徑場(chǎng)；stonetable石桌；colorTV彩電（3）作狀語(yǔ)名詞作狀語(yǔ)多為表時(shí)間或距離等概念的名詞。Thewarlastedeightyears.（4）作同位語(yǔ)Tom,ourmonitor,leftschoollastyear.名詞的詞義辨析主要考察單詞基本義的引申和拓展、易錯(cuò)的名詞固定搭配以及對(duì)同義詞、近義詞的考查等，是高考中名詞考點(diǎn)的重要部分。要解決名詞詞義辨析，需注意平時(shí)積累。詞義辨析通常以單選題形式出現(xiàn)【考例16】Heisneversatisfiedwithwhathehasgot.Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheothersideofthe____.A．road B．fence C．wall D．garden【答案】B【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他對(duì)自己所擁有的東西從不滿意。這山望著那山高。A.road路；B.fence籬笆，圍墻；C.wall墻；D.garden花園。Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheothersideofthefence.是諺語(yǔ)，意為“這山望著那山高”。故選B?！究祭?7】—Americansspendmoreonhealthcarethanmostotherpeople.—You’reright.ButanewstudyshowsthatlifeintheUnitedStatesisfalling.A．development B．position C．experience D．expectancy【答案】D【詳解】試題分析：句意：--美國(guó)人花費(fèi)在醫(yī)療保健的費(fèi)用比其他的人要多得多。--你是對(duì)的。但是新的研究表明人的平均壽命在下降。development發(fā)展；position位置；experience經(jīng)歷；lifeexpectancy平均壽命。根據(jù)句意故選D?？键c(diǎn)：考查名詞辨析。點(diǎn)評(píng)：本題難度適中。名詞辨析是近幾年高考的熱點(diǎn)，本題是對(duì)已學(xué)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的回顧，需要考生能夠理解該題的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，牢記它們的用法及意義。即學(xué)即練：isthefatherofwisdom.A.Development

B.Position

C.Experience

D.Expectancy解析：C。句意:經(jīng)驗(yàn)是智慧之父。【考例18】Shehaslostonlyninegamesinfivematchesonthewaytothesemifinals.Alwaystheperfectionist,sheseesroomfor.A．a(chǎn)chievement B．improvementC．entertainment D．Amusement【答案】B【詳解】試題分析：考查名詞。句意：她的九場(chǎng)比賽中只有五場(chǎng)是輸在了半決賽中的。作為一個(gè)完美主義者，她總是在提高自己。A.achievement成就；B.Improvement提高；C.Entertainment娛樂(lè)；D.Amusement樂(lè)趣；根據(jù)詞義，可知她是要提高，故選B項(xiàng)。考點(diǎn)：考查名詞【考例19】【2018·天津】The__________thatthereislifeonotherplanetsintheuniversehasalwaysinspiredscientiststoexploretheouterspace.A．a(chǎn)dvice B．orderC．possibility D．invitation【答案】C【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命這種可能性總是激勵(lì)科學(xué)家們?nèi)ヌ剿魍獠靠臻g。A.advice建議；B.order命令；C.possibility可能性；D.invitation邀請(qǐng)。故選C。點(diǎn)睛：本題考查名詞辨析。名詞和動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)的考查是高考重點(diǎn)考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。本題語(yǔ)法上是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，從句thatthereislifeonotherplanetsintheuniverse是來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明前面所選擇的名詞。根據(jù)常識(shí)可以判斷，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一種可能性，目前無(wú)法證明，從而選出正確答案?！究祭?0】Wecanobservethatartificialintelligencehasalreadymadea(n)________onourlivesinmanyways.A．statement B．impactC．impression D．judgment【答案】B【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們可以觀察到人工智能已經(jīng)在許多方面已經(jīng)對(duì)我們的生活產(chǎn)生了影響。A.statement陳述說(shuō)明；B.impact影響，效果；C.impression印象；D.judgment判斷。故選B符合語(yǔ)境?！究祭?1】Thehealthsecuritysystemsofmanycountriesareundergoingconsiderable______.A．reservation B．transformation C．distinction D．submission【答案】B【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：許多國(guó)家的衛(wèi)生安全系統(tǒng)正在經(jīng)歷重大變革。A.reservation預(yù)訂；B.transformation改革，變革；C.distinction區(qū)別；D.submission提交。根據(jù)前文Thehealthsecuritysystems可知，此處指“衛(wèi)生安全系統(tǒng)的變革”。故選B?！究祭?2】Greatimprovementsinpublichealthhavebeenbroughtaboutby________inmedicalscience.A．traditions B．a(chǎn)dvances C．pressures D．examples【答案】B【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步帶來(lái)了公共健康的巨大改善。A.traditions傳統(tǒng)；B.advances前進(jìn)，進(jìn)步；C.pressures壓力；D.examples例子。根據(jù)上文“Greatimprovementsinpublichealthhavebeenbroughtabout”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步帶來(lái)的，advances符合語(yǔ)境。故選B?！究祭?3】Nowadaysthe________oftravellingisshiftedfromshoppingtofoodandscenery.A．a(chǎn)utonomy B．barrier C．prospect D．priority【答案】D【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如今旅游的重點(diǎn)從購(gòu)物轉(zhuǎn)移到食物和風(fēng)景。A.autonomy自治；B.barrier障礙；C.prospect前景；D.priority重點(diǎn)。根據(jù)空后shiftedfromshoppingtofoodandscenery及常識(shí)可知，在旅游中，食物和風(fēng)景已成為人們優(yōu)先考慮的事情，此處指旅游重點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)變。故選D項(xiàng)。核心考點(diǎn)3名詞與主謂一致高考主謂一致的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)一致原則考點(diǎn)詳解例句語(yǔ)法一致1.以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago.Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.2.由連接詞and或both……and連接起來(lái)的合成主語(yǔ)后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。LucyandLilyaretwins.SheandIareclassmates.Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.3.主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with，togetherwith，except，but，like，aswellas，ratherthan，morethan，nolessthan，besides，including等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Mr.Green，togetherwithhiswifeandchildren，hascometoChina.NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.She，likeyouandTom，isverytall.4.either，neither，each，every或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some，any，no，every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。Eachofushasanewbook.Everythingaroundusismatter.5.在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞that，who，which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.6.如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。ClassFourisonthethirdfloor.ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.注：people，police，cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.7.由“alotof，lotsof，plentyof，therestof，themajorityof+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom.Therestofthelectureiswonderful.50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.注：anumberof與thenumberof的區(qū)別8.在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。Therecomesthebus.Onthewallaremanypictures.Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.邏輯一致1.what，who，which，any，more，all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來(lái)決定。Whichisyourbag？Whichareyourbags？Allisgoingwell.AllhavegonetoBeijing.2.表示“時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語(yǔ)的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體。Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.Tenmilesistoolong.3.若主語(yǔ)是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式?！癟heArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.4.表數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)“oneandahalf”后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式。Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.邏輯一致5.算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語(yǔ)通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。Twelvepluseightistwenty.Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.6.一些學(xué)科名詞是以–ics結(jié)尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics以及news，works等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990.Ithinkphysicsisn‘teasytostudy.7.trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes，jeans等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a（the）pairof等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Myglassesarebroken.Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.

8.“定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Theoldaretakengoodcareof.9.a(large)quantityof修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Alargequantityofpeopleisneededhere.注意：quantities一般用復(fù)數(shù)。Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.10.agreatdealof,alargeamountof修飾不可數(shù)名詞,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù);largeamountsof修飾不可數(shù)名詞,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.就近一致1.當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由either…or，neither…nor，whether…or…，notonly…butalso連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends.Neithertheynorheiswhollyright.2.therebe句型的be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語(yǔ)。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.Here引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。如：Hereisamapandahandbookforyou.一、語(yǔ)法一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。【考例24】Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65(than)walking,cyclingorswimming.【答案】is【解析】考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告顯示：跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長(zhǎng)壽命。這里敘述的是一個(gè)事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)是it，表示單數(shù)概念。故填is?！究祭?5】Heisoneofthemostselfishmenthat_______everlived;that’swhyhardly_______makingfriendswithhim.A.has；anyonelikes B.have；doesanyonelikeC.has；noonelikes D.have；anyonelikes【答案】D【解析】考查主謂一致。that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是名詞復(fù)數(shù)men，因此定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用have。第一個(gè)空考查的是定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞，因此第一個(gè)空用have；后半句譯為＂那就是幾乎沒(méi)有任何人和他交朋友的原因＂，hardly表示＂幾乎不＂，根據(jù)句意，后面應(yīng)是肯定句，故排除C項(xiàng)；hardly作為否定副詞放在句首時(shí)，句子才使用倒裝語(yǔ)序，因此排除B項(xiàng)。故選D項(xiàng)。二、邏輯一致謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)須與主語(yǔ)的意義一致(因有時(shí)主語(yǔ)的形式是單數(shù)，但意義卻為復(fù)數(shù);有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義卻為單數(shù))?！究祭?6】—________oneandahalfmonthsenoughfortheprojecttobefinished?—Iamafraidnot.Theprofessorisillandonlyafterherecovers________goonwithit.A．Is;hecan B．Are;hecanC．Is;canhe D．Are;canhe【答案】C【詳解】考查主謂一致。句意：——一個(gè)半月足夠完成這件工程嗎？——恐怕不行，教授生病了，只有當(dāng)他恢復(fù)他才能繼續(xù)這件事。第一空，將oneandahalfmonths看成一個(gè)名詞主語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)，故謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。第二個(gè)空考查only+after從句，主句用部分倒裝，故選C項(xiàng)。【考例27】—ThetalentshowYouthwithYou________becominghotterandhotteronline.

—Exactly.Halfofourclass________interestedinit.A．is;is B．a(chǎn)re;are C．is;are D．a(chǎn)re;is【答案】C【詳解】考查主謂一致和動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：——才藝秀《青春有你》在網(wǎng)上越來(lái)越火了?！_實(shí)。我們班上一半的人對(duì)它感興趣。根據(jù)對(duì)話可知，講述現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)?？找恢髡Z(yǔ)是Thetalentshow，是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)is；half+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與of后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致?！皁urclass”指的是我們班上的人，是復(fù)數(shù)概念，此處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式are。故選C。三、就近一致在英語(yǔ)句子中，有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致?！究祭?8】Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren___________skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.A.isgoing B.go C.goes D.aregoing【答案】C【解析】考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在冬天的每個(gè)星期天下午，這位父親和他的三個(gè)孩子都去結(jié)冰的河面上滑冰。當(dāng)aswellas連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與aswellas前面的名詞或代詞保持一致，即為就遠(yuǎn)原則。本題的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與Thefather保持一致，用單數(shù)形式；由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)everySundayafternoon可知，本句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選C項(xiàng)?！究祭?9】Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudents________around$8，450ayear,which________aburdenforsomeofthem.A.are；is B.are；are C.is；are D.is；is【答案】A【解析】考查主謂一致。句意：那所大學(xué)估計(jì)，對(duì)國(guó)際學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，一年的生活開銷大約是8450美元，這對(duì)他們中某些學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)。第一空的主語(yǔ)是livingexpenses，是復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；第二空的主語(yǔ)是which，指代的是前面整個(gè)句子，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。一、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子1.Itwashardtofollowwhattheteacherwassaying,andeventuallyIlost________(concentrate).2.Yes,heowesmeagoodmany______(apologize)butIdon’tcare.3.Thedriversshouldraise________(aware)ofsafety,especiallyonhighways.4.Thescenerywasbeautifulbeyond________(describe).5.Theremaybealink(聯(lián)系)betweenmadnessand________(creative).6.Exam________(anxious)isseriousamongstudentsinmiddleschool.7.Lackingsleepcausedhimpoormemoryandpoor________(concentrate).8.Onlyinthiswaycanweliveinmorecomfortableandbeautiful________(surround).9.Thesemethodscanhelpincreasestudents’________(motivate)andinterest.10.Wearetakingstepstopreventairfrom________(pollute).11.Althoughhuman________(evolve)hasspedupinthepast10,000years,theearthisstillatitsyoungage.12.Iftheteacheristoostrict,itmaylimittheir________(creative)andimagination.13.Heiscalminthefaceofchallengesand________(press).14.Oxfordhasalottooffervisitorsinthewayofgood__________(entertain).15.Itwasthefortiethanniversaryofthedeathofthat__________(compose).16.Your__________(qualification)aretheofficialdocumentsortitlesyouhavethatshowyourlevelofeducationandtraining.17.Hebegantocomfortmewithsuchusual__________(gentle).18.Asyouknow,intheUS,__________(distant)ismeasuredinmiles.19.Therefore,let’stakethe_________(responsible)tobuildupalow-carboncitybyridingbicycles.20.Shenzhen,whichusedtobeasmallfishingvillage,hasnowchangedbeyond________(recognize).21.Itisimportantthatpeopleshouldraisetheir________(aware)ofprotectingwildanimals.22.Withtheperformancejustaroundcorner,somestudentsarefilledwith________(curious)23.“My___________(assist),Hahim,willdemonstratethemachineinactionforyou,”saidKalantothecrowd.24.Iwenttotheshopandboughtsome_________(decorate)todecorateourhouse.25._________(congratulate)!Wearepleasedtotellyouthatyouhavewonthehighschoolspeaking.26.Thesedays,thereisagrowing_________(tend)forpeopletoshoponline,andmostpeoplemoreorlesshavetheexperienceofshoppingonline.27.Inthenextthreeorfourdays,five____________(witness)totheterribleaccidentwillbecalledtotestify（作證）.28.Heworkedasavolunteerteacherinthemountainousareaafterhis________(graduate).29.Whatmadehersucceedlateronwasthekindnessand_________(consider)sheshowedtoallherpatients.30.TheVikingscameintheeighthcentury,leftbehindlotsofthenewvocabulary,andalsothenamesofmany__________(locate)acrosstheUK.31.AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbesurroundedby__________(evident)offourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.32.Obviously,Johnhasgreat________(admire)fortheresponsibleleader,whohasmadethecompanymore________(power).33.Ihavearranged________Tomtopickuptheexpertattheairportandthejournalistshavemade________(arrangement)foraninterviewwithhim.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)34.Actually,theexpert____________(amaze)thatthevolunteershadmadegood________(arrange)forthemovement.35.Childrenoftenfeelalotof_________(anxious)abouttheirfirstdayatschool.36.Itissaidthatthe_________(design)ofthenecklaceisawomanartist.37.Accordingtothesurvey,threeintendrivershaveexperiencedanaccidentforlackof________(concentrate)whiledriving.38.Shedesperatelywantedtowinherfather’s_______________(approve).39.Atthemeeting,hereferredtotheimportanceofdevelopingstudents’_________(create).40.Ifyouwanttobeavolunteerforthesportsevent,youshouldwritean_________(apply).41.Acollectionofarchaeologicalevidencehasconfirmedthe________(exist)ofrhinosinancientChina.42.Theboominthesport’s________(popular)hasmeantmorecallsforstrictersafetyregulations.43.TheChineseonlineliteratureindustryhasreceivedincreasing________(recognize)fromhomeandabroad.44.Traditionalbookstoresarefightingagainsttheironline________(compete)tosurvive.45.Someartistsonlygotthepublic’s________(recognize)afterdeath.46.Lackofexerciseandpoordietcancause________(anxious).47.Hearingthenews,hecouldn’tholdbackhis________(angry).48.Thisannualmovementiscalled__________(migrate).49.Thesolutiontothe__________(mysterious)ofthemonarch’samazingabilitycomesatatimewhenitisinserioustrouble.50.Althoughtechnologyhaschangedthewayweacquirefriends,themeaningoffriendshipandour__________(long)forfriendsremainthesame.二、語(yǔ)法填空1閱讀下列材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)內(nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。IfeltbutterfliesinmystomachwhenIstartedcalligraphyclasstenyearsago.IwonderedwhatIwasdoingthere.Atthatmoment,Icouldn'thaveknownthatI'djustmadeoneofthebest___51___(choose)ofmylife.Isatdownandlistenedtotheteacherintroducingthetoolsofthecraft.Then___52___wasthefirsttimeformethatIhadtriedmyhand.Itookupthebrush,usingthecorrectgesture,___53___(dip)itintheink,andcarefullywrote"one"___54___Chinese.Over___55___pastfiveyears,Ihavelearnedtomakeversionsofwell-knownpoems.Calligraphyseemedlikeabridge,___56___connectedmetoauthorsfromcenturiespast.Stroke(筆畫)bystroke,wordbyword,Icouldfeeltheiremotions,cherishedmyownpeaceandlearned___57___(appreciate)mydailylife.Now,calligraphyisnotjustahobby,___58___awaytoremovemyselffromtheworriesoflife.Rollingoutthepaper,Icanwriteforawholeday.Calligraphy___59___(able)metobalancemybusyscheduleandlive____60____(peace).2Redenvelopeshaveplayed__61__importantpartinChineseNewYearforaslongasanyonecanremember.Sowhat’sthestorybehindtheredenvelopesduringChineseNewYear?Onepopularstory__62__(date)backtotheQinDynasty,whentheelderlywouldthreadcoinsontoaredstring.Thismoney__63__(call)yasuiqianinChinese,meaning“moneyprotectingoneselffromevilspirits”,andwasbelievedtoprotectelderpeoplefromsicknessand__64__(die).Astheprintingpressbecamemorecommon,theyasuiqianwasreplaced__65__redenvelopes.Anotherlegendtellsofavillage__66__ademon(惡魔)wouldterrorizechildrenatnight.Itwasbelievedthatthedemonwouldtouchthechildren’sheadswhiletheywereasleep,__67__(cause)seriousillness.Fromthere,atheoryemergedthatwhentheyprayed,thegodwouldsendeightfairiestoprotectthechild.Thefairieswoulddisguise(偽裝)__68__(they)aseightcoinsandhideunderthechild’spillow.Whenthedemongotclose,thecoinswouldbegintoshinevery__69__(bright),blindingthedemon.Wordbegantospreadandthevillagersstartedgivingredenvelopes__70__(fill)withcoinstoeachothertoputundertheirpillowsatnight.Astimepassed,redenvelopesbecameawaytobringgoodluckandprosperitytothereceiver.3閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)單詞的正確形式。TheWanderingEarthisaChinesesciencefictionmovie,___71___isbasedonthenovelof___72___samenamebyLiuCixin,andwasreleasedonFebruary5,2019,theChineseNewYear’sDay.Afterlearningthesunisdyingout,peopleallaroundtheworldfeel___73___(frighten),sotheybuildgiantplanetthrusters(星球推進(jìn)器)___74___(move)theearthoutofitsorbitandsail___75___toanewstarsystem.The2500years’journeycomeswithunexpecteddangers,butinordertosavehumanity,agroupofyoungpeoplecomeoutbravelyandfighthardforeveryone’s___76___(survive).We___77___(impress)toseethethemeofthisfilm.Itdoesn’tparticularlyshowsomebody’sabilitytosaveourworld___78___showsallthehumanbeingsareworkingtogether,___79___(spare)noefforttosavethisworld.TheWanderingEarthisseenbypeopleasthedawn(開端)ofChinesesciencefictionmovies.ItmeansthatChina’ssci-fimovieshave___80___(official)setsail.4閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Languageissometimeswrittenasacodesothatpeoplecancommunicatesecrets.During____81____SecondWorldWar,theGermanNavy（海軍）usedacodetosendmessages.TheBritishbrokethecodeand____82____（learn）aboutmanyGermanplans.TheJapanesealsousedacodetotalkto____83____（they）shipsatsea.ItwascalledthePurpleCode.AlthoughtheAmericanssoonbrokethiscode,theJapanesedidn’tknowit____84____（break）.In1942,theAmericansbegantousetheirowncodetosend____85____（secret）.AfewNavajo（納瓦在人）Indiansmadethiscode____86____（base）ontheirlanguage,whichonlysomeAmericanIndiansspoke.ThecodedescribedafewthingstheAmericanarmydid.Onlytheycouldunderstandthiscode,sotheywentwiththearmyasitfoughtagainsttheJapanese.TheseNavajosoldierspromised____87____（keep）thiscodeasecret,eventhoughthiscouldcausetheir____88____（die）.TheJapaneseneverbrokethecodebecausetheyknewnothing____89____theNavajolanguage.Andthecode,____90____connectedtwolanguages,helpedwinthewarinthePacific.5閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。LastOctoberIlefttheUKbehindandjoinedGillottsSchoolontheirrugbyandhockeytourinsunnyItaly.ItwasmyfirsttimeawayonasportstourandIcouldnothaveenjoyedit_____91_____(much)!Fivedaysofsports,betweentrainingandmatcheswithItalianplayers,butalsoplenty___92___timeforsightseeingandfreemomentstoenjoyanicecreaminthesun.____93____ourflighthadlandedinMilan,wegotonourcoachanddroveforacoupleofhourstowardsourhomefortheweek,theHotelSanZeno,a_____94_____(comfort),family-runaccommodation,withasplendidviewofLakeGarda.Startingthedaywithaself-ledtraining,enjoyingaboattouronthelake,wanderingalongthestreetsofSirmioneforafewhoursandheadingoff_____95_____(play)asport—thesearejustafew____96____(example)ofthekindofadventuresyoucouldbehaving!Thegirlsandboysonthistourseemedtoenjoy_____97_____(they)thoroughly,especiallyafterwinningALLoftheirgames!Ifoundmyself____98____(cheer)themonlikeaproudauntandcelebratingafterwardswithfood,drinkandsocialtime,hostedbyrugbyclubsaftermatches.Onthelastdayweheadedbackto_____99_____airport,butnotbeforestoppinginMilan!We_____100_____(pay)avisittotheSanSiromuseumandenjoyedastadiumtourbeforemovingontoMilancitycentreforanafternoonofshopping.6閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thefirstblockbuster(大片)ofChinasetinspace,“TheWanderingEarth,”opensTuesdayduringgrandexpectations____101____itwillrepresentthedawningofanewerainChinesefilmmaking.“TheWanderingEarth,”____102____(show)in3-D,takesplaceinadistantfutureinwhichthesunisabouttoexpandintoaredgiantanddevour(吞噬)theEarth.It____103____(adapt)fromworksbyLiuCixin,thewriter____104____hasledarenaissanceinsciencefictionhere,____105____(become)thefirstChinesewinneroftheHugoAwardin2015.Hisnovelsaresplendidand____106____(deep)researched.Thatmakes____107____(they)reasonablefantasiesabouthumanity’smeetingwithadangerousuniverse.TheopeningsalsocomeasChinareachedamilestoneinspace:thelandingofaprobeon____108____farsideofthemooninJanuary.AlthoughdecadesbehindRussiaandtheUnitedStates,Chinahasnowputastronauts____109____orbitandhasambitiousplanstojoin—orevenlead—anewageofspaceexploration.“Ithinkthereisaveryclose_____110_____(connect)betweenChinesecinemaandthenation’sfortunes,”saidShaDan,acuratorattheChinaFilmArchive.7BecautiousofFridaythe13th！Manypeoplethinkthedayisunlucky.___111___（fortune）,there'sonlyoneFridaythe13ththisyear.Asthelegendgoes，youshouldtrynot___112___（break）anymirrors，walkunderaladder，orevenspillanysalt.Why？Researcherssay___113___istoughtofindouthowthetraditioncameintobeing.Manybelieveithas___114___（religion）origins.IntheChristianfaith，therewere13guestsattablefortheLastSupper，whichwasheldthedaybeforetheFriday___115___Jesusdied.Now，F(xiàn)ridaythe13hhasbecomeaculturalwonder.ManyAmericansavoidthenumber13alltogether，___116___（include）hotelroomsandairplaneseatassignments.Itevencostscoupleslesstogetmarriedonthe