第5講體裁微解——應用文應用文是最貼近日常生活的文體，它包括通知、廣告、便條、申請書、個人簡介、商品說明與介紹、新聞報道等，形式多樣，題材各異(如圖示、表格等)，措辭簡潔明了，直截了當，其目的是向讀者傳輸信息。主要具有以下特點：選材信息量大，文句精煉，形式靈活，用最少的篇幅傳達最大量的信息。內(nèi)容生活化，實用化，多樣化。如產(chǎn)品宣傳、服務介紹、通知、海報、啟事、招生招聘等。形式標題醒目，重點突出，條理清晰，常用粗體字或各類題目符號使文章結(jié)構(gòu)更加鮮明。語言人名、地名、專用名詞多；生詞多；縮略詞、祈使句、省略句多；結(jié)構(gòu)不完整。命題其命題角度主要考查考生提取信息和處理信息的能力，既注重特定細節(jié)的篩選、類比、綜合，又注重推理判斷題的考查，題目設置相對容易。高考應用文閱讀理解設題以細節(jié)題為主，因此，閱讀這類文章時，也應該在整體把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下，重點注意細節(jié)信息，細節(jié)題題干都是相應原文的變形(如同義句改寫，詞性轉(zhuǎn)換等)，因此，要想找到答案就一定要找到題干在原文中的出處，再把原文和選項相比較。做題時，根據(jù)所提問題用尋讀、跳讀的方法可以達到事半功倍的效果。同時，在閱讀時也要特別注意文中以粗體、大寫、下劃線等方式加以提示的文字，因為這很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分內(nèi)容的概括。具體答題策略如下：策略指導技法解讀先題后文先讀題目，了解考點；明確目的，快速捕捉，獲取信息。題干定向根據(jù)題干關鍵詞找到文中答案范圍，按照題目順序依次而下；問題與原文相同，對號入座，通過同義替換、歸納事實等方法確定答案。生詞模糊遇到生詞，如無關答題，直接跳過；涉及答題，則根據(jù)語境、構(gòu)詞法等猜詞。信息補全對于影響理解的省略句，可根據(jù)語境，將其補全。(2022·全國甲·A)TheatresandEntertainmentStDavid’sHallStDavid’sHallistheawardwinningNationalConcertHallofWalesstandingattheveryheartofCardiff’sentertainmentcentre.Withanimpressive2,000-seatconcerthall，StDavid’sHallishometotheannualWelshPromsCardiff.Itpresentsliveentertainment，includingpop，rock，folk，jazz，musicals，dance，worldmusic，filmsandclassicalmusic.TheHayes，CardiffCF101AHwww.stdavidshallcardiff.co.ukTheGleeClubEveryweekendthisis“Wales”premiercomedyclubwherehavingagreattimeistheorderforbothaudiencesandcomedystarsalike.Itishardtonameacomedystarwhohasn’tbeenonthestagehere.Ifyouarelookingforthebestcomediesontourandbrilliantlivemusic，youshouldstarthere.MermaidQuay，CardiffBay，CardiffCF105BZwww.glee.co.uk/cardiffShermanCymruShermanCymru’stheatreintheCathaysareaofCardiffreopenedinFebruary2012.Thisspecialbuildingisaplaceinwhichtheatreismadeandwherechildren，artists，writersandanyoneelsehavetheopportunity(機會)todocreativethings.ShermanCymruisexcitedtopresentapackedprogrammeoftheverybesttheatre，dance，familyshowsandmusicfromWalesandtherestoftheworld.SenghennyddRoad，CardiffCF244YEwww.shermancymru.co.ukNewTheatreTheNewTheatrehasbeenthehomeofqualitydrama，musicals，danceandchildren’sshowsformorethan100years.PresentingthebestoftheWestEndalongwiththepickoftheUK’stouringshows，theNewTheatreisCardiff’soldestsurvivingtraditionaltheatre.Besuretopayavisitaspartofyourstayinthecity.ParkPlace，CardiffCF103LNwww.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk21．WhereistheWelshPromsCardiffhosted?A．AttheNewTheatre.B．AttheGleeClub.C．AtShermanCymru.D．AtStDavid’sHall.22．WhatcanpeopledoattheGleeClub?A．Watchmusicals.B．Enjoycomedies.C．Seefamilyshows.D．Docreativethings.23．WhichwebsitecanyouvisittolearnaboutCardiff’soldestsurvivingtheatre?A．www.newtheatrecardiff.co.ukB．www.shermancymru.co.ukC．www.glee.co.uk/cardiffD．www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.ukAParaglidingisakindofflying，butinsteadofthewingbeingmadeofmetal，woodorplastic，itismadeofnylonorpolyester.Thewingisattachedtoaharnessbylineswhereapilotsits，similartoaparachute.Isitsafe?Paraglidingisassafeassailinganddeep-seadiving.Thebigadvantageisthatit’sprobablytheslowestformofaviation，soifyoudocrash，you’llhitthegroundquitegently!It’saveryrelaxingsportasyou’remostlysittingdown.Yet，you’llprobablyexperiencepaininsomemusclesyoudidn’tknowyouhadwhilelearning，butmanyofthosewillbeduetothewalkupthetraininghilltolaunch.WheredoIlearn?Therearelotsofschools，mainlybasedinlandbyappropriatehillsormountains，andtherearealsoschoolsonthecoastnearspectacularcliffs.Theseareveryattractive，thoughtheprospectoflandingintheseaseemstodiscouragebeginners!Ittakessevendaystogetyourbasiclicense；thenyou’refreetoflyindependentlyatsitesacrossthecountry.WhatdoIneed?Pilotsnormallywearwarmclothesincasetheygetveryhighup，andahelmetincasetheystumbleonlanding.Intermsofgear，schoolssupplybasictraining，canopies，harnesses，etc.However，you’llprobablywanttobuyyourownmoresophisticatedequipment，whichyou’llbeabletochoosemuchbetteronceyou’vetriedsomeoutonyourcourse.Whocandoit?There’snoupperagelimitprovidedyourinstructorjudgesyoucapable，buttheyoungestis14.Anybodywithgoodeyesightandgoodbalanceisapotentialparagliderpilot.Flyingaparagliderisagreatsport.Wehopetoseeyouintheairwithusthisseason!1．Whichwouldbethebestheadingforparagraph1?A．Whatisparagliding?B．Whoinventedparagliding?C．Howisparaglidingspecial?D．Whyisparaglidingpopular?2．Accordingtothepassage，paraglidingis________________________________.A．excitingbuttiringB．safeandrelaxingC．a(chǎn)ttractivebutexpensiveD．fastandchallenging3．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．Fitpeopleofanyagecantakeupparagliding.B．Mostparaglidingschoolsaresituatedbythesea.C．Pilotsneedtobuybasicequipmentontheirtrainingcourse.D．Learnerscanflyontheirownafteratleastaweek’straining.B(2022·河南中原名校聯(lián)盟適應性聯(lián)考)★LOUDOUNCOUNTRYDAYSCHOOLGrades：Preschool－Grade8LCDS.org?703-777-3841Award-winningschoolfeaturesalowstudent-teacherratio(比率)．Coursesincludeart，STEM(Science，Technology，Engineering，Mathematics)，computerprogramming，languages，athletics，instruments，BYOT(BringYourOwnTechnology)，one-to-oneprograminfourththrougheighthgrades.It’sfamousforitsuniquefieldtrips.★NYSMITHSCHOOLGrades：3years－Grade8N?703-552-2912Top10intheworld，fun，award-winningprogram，upto4gradelevelsofdiversification(多樣化)inreadingandmathclasses，dailyscience，computers，logic，foreignlanguages，muchmore.1∶9ratio.Minimal(最少的)homework.Hands-onexperimentallearning，agreatattractionforstudentsacrossthecountry.2014TommyAwardfromTJforthespecialachievementofNysmithAlumni.★FUSIONACADEMYTYSONSGrades：6－12FusionTysonsC?866-461-8039FusionAcademyisaprivatemiddleandhighschoolwhereallclassesareone-to-one：onestudentandoneteacherperclassroom.Here，positiverelationshipsunlockstudents’potential.Schedulingispersonalized，andnohomeworkgoeshome.ComesoontoTysons，Virginia，andachieveschool&lifebalance.★RANDOLPH-MACONACADEMYGrades：6－12，P?540-636-5484R-MAisacollege-prepboardingschoolwithAirForceJROTC，devotedtodevelopingstudentsofacademicachievement，leadership，andresponsiblecitizenship.Withsmallerclasses—onaverage,14－17students