環(huán)保英語(yǔ)閱讀理解測(cè)評(píng)真題合集一、測(cè)評(píng)概述本合集旨在通過(guò)一系列精心挑選的環(huán)保主題英語(yǔ)閱讀理解文章及配套題目，幫助讀者測(cè)評(píng)自身的英語(yǔ)閱讀理解能力，同時(shí)增進(jìn)對(duì)全球環(huán)境議題的認(rèn)知。測(cè)評(píng)材料涵蓋多種文體，題目設(shè)計(jì)注重考察信息獲取、推理判斷、詞義猜測(cè)及主旨?xì)w納等核心閱讀技能。建議在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)獨(dú)立完成，之后對(duì)照解析進(jìn)行反思學(xué)習(xí)。二、真題演練Passage1:ClimateChangeandItsImpactTheterm"climatechange"referstolong-termshiftsintemperaturesandweatherpatterns.Theseshiftsmaybenatural,butsincethe1800s,humanactivitieshavebeenthemaindriverofclimatechange,primarilyduetotheburningoffossilfuelslikecoal,oil,andgas.Climatechangeaffectseveryregionaroundtheworld.Risingtemperaturescauseglacialmelt,sealevelrise,andmorefrequentandintenseextremeweathereventssuchashurricanes,droughts,andfloods.Thesechangesthreatenfoodsecurity,watersupplies,andhumanhealth,andcanleadtodisplacementofpeople,knownasclimaterefugees.Mitigationeffortsaimtoreduceorpreventgreenhousegasemissions,whileadaptationseekstoadjusttothecurrentandexpectedfutureeffectsofclimatechange.Botharecrucialforaddressingthisglobalchallenge.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whathasbeentheprimarycauseofclimatechangesincethe1800s?A.NaturalshiftsinweatherpatternsC.VolcaniceruptionsandsolarradiationD.Deforestationonly2.Theword"trapping"inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.ReleasingB.AbsorbingC.ConfiningD.Reflecting3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaconsequenceofrisingtemperatures?A.GlacialmeltB.IncreasedfrequencyofextremeweatherC.EnhancedagriculturalproductivityD.Sealevelrise4.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweenmitigationandadaptationasmentionedinthepassage?A.Mitigationismoreimportantthanadaptation.B.Mitigationfocusesonreducingemissions,adaptationonadjustingtoeffects.C.Adaptationdealswithpastchanges,mitigationwithfutureones.D.Mitigationisanaturalprocess,adaptationishuman-induced.Passage2:PlasticPollution:APersistentThreatMarineenvironmentsareparticularlyhard-hitbyplasticpollution.Millionsoftonsofplasticwasteendupinoceansannually,harmingmarinelifethroughingestionandentanglement.Microplastics,tinyfragmentsresultingfromthebreakdownoflargerplasticitems,havebeenfoundinthedeepestoceantrenchesandeveninthebodiesofmarineorganisms,enteringthefoodchainandpotentiallyposingriskstohumanhealth.Beyondoceans,plasticpollutionaffectsterrestrialecosystemsandurbanlandscapes.Landfillsoverflowwithplasticwaste,andimproperdisposalleadstolitteringofstreets,parks,andwildernessareas.Theproductionofplasticalsoreliesheavilyonfossilfuels,contributingtoclimatechange.Addressingplasticpollutionrequiresamulti-facetedapproach:reducingsingle-useplasticconsumption,improvingwastemanagementandrecyclinginfrastructure,developingbiodegradablealternatives,andfosteringpublicawarenessaboutresponsibleplasticuse.Questions:A.Itistooexpensivetoproduce.B.Itsdurabilityleadstolong-termpersistenceintheenvironment.C.Itisnotversatileenoughformodernneeds.6.Whataremicroplastics?A.Smallplasticitemsintentionallyproducedforspecificuses.B.Largeplasticdebrisfoundinoceans.C.Tinyfragmentsfromthebreakdownoflargerplasticitems.D.Biodegradablealternativestotraditionalplastic.7.Thepassagesuggeststhatplasticpollutioncanimpacthumanhealthby______.A.Directlycausingdiseaseswhentouched.B.Enteringthefoodchainthroughmarineorganisms.C.Releasingtoxicfumesintotheatmosphere.D.Contaminatinggroundwatersupplies.8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTproposedasasolutiontoplasticpollution?A.Developingbiodegradablealternatives.B.Increasingtheproductionofsingle-useplastics.C.Improvingwastemanagementsystems.D.Reducingconsumptionofsingle-useplastics.Passage3:RenewableEnergy:PoweringaSustainableFutureSolarenergy,harnessedfromthesun'sradiationusingphotovoltaiccellsorsolarthermalsystems,isoneofthemostwidelyrecognizedrenewablesources.Windenergy,generatedbyconvertingthekineticenergyofmovingairintoelectricityviawindturbines,isanothermajorplayer,withoffshorewindfarmsshowingparticulargrowthpotential.Hydropower,utilizingtheenergyofflowingorfallingwater,haslongbeenasignificantsourceofrenewableelectricity.Morerecently,bioenergy,producedfromorganicmattersuchasplantsandwaste,andgeothermalenergy,tappingintotheEarth'sinternalheat,havegainedtractionasviablesupplementstotheenergymix.Thebenefitsofrenewableenergyaremanifold:reducedgreenhousegasemissions,improvedairquality,energysecuritythroughdiversifiedsources,andpotentialforjobcreationinthegreensector.However,challengessuchasintermittency(forsolarandwind),highinitialinvestmentcosts,andtheneedforsupportiveinfrastructureandpoliciesremaintobeaddressedforwidespreadadoption.Questions:9.Whatisthemainreasonforthegrowingfocusonrenewableenergy?A.Thehighcostoffossilfuels.B.Theneedtoaddressclimatechangeanddepletingfossilfuels.C.Theeaseofinstallingrenewableenergysystems.D.Thelackoftechnologicaladvancementinfossilfuelextraction.10.Whichrenewableenergysourcehasbeenusedforalongtimetogenerateelectricity?A.SolarenergyB.WindenergyC.HydropowerD.Geothermalenergy11.Theword"intermittency"inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans______.A.Theinabilitytoproduceenergy.B.Theconstantandreliablesupplyofenergy.C.Thevariationinenergyproductionbasedonweatherortime.D.Thehighcostofenergyproduction.12.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisabenefitofrenewableenergy?A.Increasedrelianceonasingleenergysource.B.Reducedgreenhousegasemissions.D.Noneedforsupportiveinfrastructure.三、參考答案與解析Passage1:ClimateChangeandItsImpact1.B解析：根據(jù)文章第一段第二句"butsincethe1800s,humanactivitieshavebeenthemaindriverofclimatechange,primarilyduetotheburningoffossilfuels..."可知，自19世紀(jì)以來(lái)，人類(lèi)活動(dòng)，主要是化石燃料的燃燒，是氣候變化的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因素。2.C解析："trappingthesun'sheat"意為“捕獲太陽(yáng)的熱量”。"Confining"有“限制、禁閉”之意，在此語(yǔ)境下與“捕獲并保留”的意思最為接近。"Releasing"(釋放)、"Absorbing"(吸收)、"Reflecting"(反射)均不符合。3.C解析：文章第三段提到了"risingtemperaturescauseglacialmelt,sealevelrise,andmorefrequentandintenseextremeweatherevents..."。選項(xiàng)C"Enhancedagriculturalproductivity"(提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力)未被提及，且通常氣候變化對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的影響多為負(fù)面或不確定。4.B解析：文章最后一段明確指出"Mitigationeffortsaimtoreduceorpreventgreenhousegasemissions,whileadaptationseekstoadjusttothecurrentandexpectedfutureeffectsofclimatechange."即減緩旨在減少排放，適應(yīng)旨在調(diào)整以應(yīng)對(duì)影響。Passage2:PlasticPollution:APersistentThreat5.B6.C解析：根據(jù)文章第二段"Microplastics,tinyfragmentsresultingfromthebreakdownoflargerplasticitems..."可知，微塑料是大型塑料物品分解產(chǎn)生的微小碎片。7.B解析：文章第二段提到微塑料"...havebeenfoundin...thebodiesofmarineorganisms,enteringthefoodchainandpotentiallyposingriskstohumanhealth."即通過(guò)海洋生物進(jìn)入食物鏈，進(jìn)而可能影響人類(lèi)健康。8.B解析：文章最后一段提出的解決方案包括"reducingsingle-useplasticconsumption"(D),"improvingwastemanagement..."(C),"developingbiodegradablealternatives"(A)。選項(xiàng)B"Increasingtheproductionofsingle-useplastics"(增加一次性塑料生產(chǎn))顯然與解決塑料污染相悖。Passage3:RenewableEnergy:PoweringaSustainableFuture9.B10.C解析：文章第三段提到"Hydropower...haslongbeenasignificantsourceofrenewableelectricity."表明水電是長(zhǎng)期被使用的可再生能源。11.C解析："intermittency"后括號(hào)內(nèi)注明了"forsolarandwind"，結(jié)合常識(shí)可知太陽(yáng)能和風(fēng)能受天氣、晝夜等因素影響，其產(chǎn)出具有間歇性和不穩(wěn)定性。因此"intermittency"指的是能源生產(chǎn)的波動(dòng)性。12.B解析：文章最后一段提到可