2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解詞匯拓展：同義詞與反義詞解析考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedwidespreaddiscussionsaboutitssocietalimpact,withbothoptimismandapprehensionprevailing.ProponentsarguethatAIholdsthekeytosolvingsomeofhumanity'smostpressingchallenges,fromenhancingmedicaldiagnosticstooptimizingenergyconsumption.TheyenvisionafuturewhereAI-drivenautomationfreeshumansfrommundanetasks,allowingforgreatercreativityandpersonalfulfillment.However,criticsraisevalidconcernsaboutpotentialjobdisplacement,ethicaldilemmassurroundingdecision-makingalgorithms,andtheconcentrationofpowerinthehandsofafewtechgiantswhocontrolthesesystems.TheambiguitysurroundingAI'strajectoryreflectsabroadertensionbetweentechnologicalprogressanditshumanconsequences,necessitatingcarefulconsiderationandproactivegovernancetoensureitsdevelopmentbenefitssocietyasawhole.AsAIsystemsbecomeincreasinglysophisticated,theirabilitytogeneratehuman-liketext,images,andevenmusicraisesquestionsaboutauthenticityandintellectualproperty.Canamachinetrulybecreative,orisitmerelymimickingpatternslearnedfromvastdatasets?Thisphilosophicaldebateintersectswithpracticalchallenges,suchasthepotentialforAI-generatedmisinformationtounderminetrustanddemocracy.WhilethepotentialbenefitsofAIareimmense,navigatingitscomplexitiesrequiresamultifacetedapproachinvolvingresearchers,policymakers,andthepublictoharnessitspowerresponsibly.Questions:1.Whatistheprimarytensionhighlightedinthepassageregardingartificialintelligence?2.Accordingtoproponents,howmightAIcontributetosocietalimprovement?3.Whatpracticalchallengedoesthegenerationofhuman-likecontentbyAIpose?4.Theword"prevailing"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)DominatingB)OccasionalC)QuestionableD)GradualPassage2Globalizationhasinterconnectedeconomiesandcultureslikeneverbefore,fosteringunprecedentedlevelsoftradeandculturalexchange.Thisintegrationhasledtogreateraccesstoavarietyofgoodsandservices,oftenatlowercosts,benefitingconsumersworldwide.Furthermore,ithasfacilitatedthespreadofideas,technologies,andeducationalopportunities,contributingtosocietalprogress.However,thebenefitsofglobalizationarenotevenlydistributed.Whilesomenationsandindustrieshavethrived,othershavestruggledtokeeppace,leadingtoincreasedeconomicinequalitybothwithinandbetweencountries.Therelocationofindustriestoregionswithcheaperlaborhasresultedinjoblossesinhigher-costcountries,stirringsocialunrestandpoliticalbacklashagainstfreetradepolicies.Thetensionbetweenthecollectivebenefitsofinterconnectednessandtheindividualcostsbornebycertaingroupsremainsadefiningchallengeofthemodernera.Environmentalconcernsalsoloomlargeinthediscussionsurroundingglobalization.Theincreasedmovementofgoodsandpeopleacrossbordershascontributedtohighercarbonemissionsandenvironmentaldegradation.Theracetothebottominenvironmentalregulationstoattractbusinessesfurtherexacerbatestheseissues.Whileglobalizationofferspotentialsolutionsforglobalproblemsthroughenhancedcooperation,italsoposessignificantenvironmentalchallengesthatrequireinternationalcoordinationandstricterregulationstomitigate.Questions:5.Whatisamajorbenefitofglobalizationmentionedinthepassage?6.Accordingtothepassage,howhasglobalizationaffectedeconomicinequality?7.Whatenvironmentalissueislinkedtoincreasedglobalmovement?8.Thephrase"racetothebottom"mostlikelyrefersto:A)AcompetitiveraceintechnologicalinnovationB)ThepursuitofminimalenvironmentalstandardsC)TherapiddeclineofglobaltradeD)TheincreasingdifficultyofinternationalcooperationPassage3Theconceptofhappinesshasbeenacentraltopicinphilosophyandpsychologyformillennia,yetitsdefinitionremainselusiveandsubjective.Whilematerialwealthandexternalsuccessoftencontributetoasenseofwell-being,researchincreasinglysuggeststhattruehappinessisrootedinmoreintrinsicfactors.Practicessuchasmindfulness,gratitude,andstrongsocialconnectionshavebeenshowntosignificantlyenhancelifesatisfaction.Cultivatingapositivemindsetandfocusingonpersonalgrowthandmeaningfulexperiencesappearmorecrucialtolong-termhappinessthanpursuingendlessexternalachievements.However,thepursuitofhappinessisnotwithoutitscomplexities.Culturaldifferencesheavilyinfluencehowhappinessisperceivedandpursued,makinguniversaldefinitionschallenging.Furthermore,theconstantcomparisontoothers,facilitatedbysocialmedia,canoftenleadtofeelingsofinadequacyanddiminishedhappiness,highlightingthenegativeimpactofsocietalpressuresonindividualwell-being.Therelationshipbetweenhappinessandsuccessisalso值得examining.Whilesuccesscanbringtemporaryboostsinmood,studiesindicatethathappinessoftenprecedessuccess.Individualswithapositiveoutlookaregenerallymoreresilient,creative,andpersistent,factorsthatcontributetotheirachievements.Thissuggeststhatfosteringhappinessmightbeamoreeffectivestrategyforachievinglong-termsuccessthanviceversa.Nevertheless,theverydefinitionof"success"varieswidelyacrossindividualsandcultures,furthercomplicatingthepursuitofhappinessasauniversalgoal.Questions:9.Whatintrinsicfactorsarementionedascontributingtowell-being?10.Howdoculturaldifferencesimpacttheconceptofhappiness?11.Whateffectcansocialmediahaveonindividualhappinessaccordingtothepassage?12.Theword"elusive"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)AchievableB)ControversialC)DifficulttodefineorunderstandD)NegativelyimpactedPassage4Therapidproliferationofdigitalinformationhastransformedthewayhumansaccess,process,andshareknowledge.Theinternet,searchengines,anddigitallibrarieshavemadevastamountsofinformationreadilyavailableatourfingertips,democratizingaccesstoknowledgelikeneverbefore.Thiseaseofaccesshasfosteredacultureofinstantgratificationandquickanswers,potentiallydiminishingdeepreadingskillsandtheabilitytocriticallyevaluateinformationsources.Thesheervolumeofdatacanbeoverwhelming,leadingtoinformationoverloadanddifficultyindiscerningcrediblesourcesfrommisinformation.Furthermore,thealgorithmsthatpowersearchresultsandsocialmediafeedscancreateechochambers,reinforcingexistingbeliefsandlimitingexposuretodiverseperspectives,therebypotentiallyhinderingcriticalthinkingandsocietalunderstanding.Despitethesechallenges,digitaltechnologyalsoofferspowerfultoolsforenhancinglearningandcollaboration.Onlinecourses,digitalcollaborationplatforms,andopen-accessresearchrepositorieshaveexpandededucationalopportunitiesandfacilitatedglobalteamwork.Theabilitytoannotate,share,andmanipulatedigitalinformationhasrevolutionizedacademicresearchandprofessionalworkflows.However,harnessingthesebenefitsrequiresdevelopingdigitalliteracyskills,includingtheabilitytofind,evaluate,andutilizeinformationeffectively.Educationalsystemsmustadapttoprepareindividualsforadigitalworld,teachingthemnotjusthowtoaccessinformation,buthowtothinkcriticallyandethicallyinanincreasinglyconnectedandinformation-saturatedenvironment.Questions:13.Whatisapotentialnegativeeffectoftheeasyaccesstodigitalinformation?14.Howmightalgorithmsusedbysearchenginesandsocialmediacontributetosocietalissues?15.Whatskilliscrucialfornavigatingthechallengesofthedigitalinformationage?16.Thephrase"sheervolume"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)ScarcityB)ManageabilityC)ImmensequantityD)Limitedaccess試卷答案Passage11.C*解析思路：文章首段明確指出，關(guān)于人工智能的主要討論存在“樂觀”和“擔(dān)憂”兩種對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)（Proponentsargue...Criticsraisevalidconcerns...），這種對(duì)立體現(xiàn)了“技術(shù)進(jìn)步與人類后果之間的broadertension（更廣泛的對(duì)立）”。因此，主要張力在于技術(shù)發(fā)展與其社會(huì)影響之間的矛盾。2.A*解析思路：文章首段第二句提到，支持者認(rèn)為人工智能能夠“解決人類一些最緊迫的挑戰(zhàn)”（solvingsomeofhumanity'smostpressingchallenges），例如“改善醫(yī)療診斷”（enhancingmedicaldiagnostics）和“優(yōu)化能源消耗”（optimizingenergyconsumption）。這些都屬于社會(huì)進(jìn)步的范疇。選項(xiàng)A“促進(jìn)社會(huì)改進(jìn)”與此意思最接近。3.D*解析思路：文章第二段指出，人工智能生成逼真文本、圖像甚至音樂的能力，引發(fā)了“真實(shí)性”（authenticity）和“知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)”（intellectualproperty）的問題。其中，“真實(shí)性”問題直接關(guān)聯(lián)到判斷生成內(nèi)容是否為“真實(shí)”創(chuàng)作，與“真?zhèn)巍钡谋鎰e有關(guān)。選項(xiàng)D“對(duì)真實(shí)性提出質(zhì)疑”捕捉到了這一核心問題。4.A*解析思路：第一段提到，“關(guān)于人工智能的討論（discussions）...兩者（optimismandapprehension）都很普遍/盛行”（are...prevailing）。選項(xiàng)A“主導(dǎo)的”表達(dá)了這種主流存在的意思，與"prevailing"的含義最接近。其他選項(xiàng)意思不符。Passage25.B*解析思路：文章首段明確提到，全球化促進(jìn)了“貿(mào)易和文化的交流”（tradeandculturalexchange），并使消費(fèi)者能夠“以更低的價(jià)格獲得更多種類的商品和服務(wù)”（greateraccesstoavarietyofgoodsandservices,oftenatlowercosts），這直接受益于消費(fèi)者。選項(xiàng)B“使消費(fèi)者受益”概括了這一點(diǎn)。6.C*解析思路：文章首段指出，雖然全球化帶來了好處，但“好處并不均衡分布”（arenotevenlydistributed），導(dǎo)致“某些國(guó)家和發(fā)展中產(chǎn)業(yè)難以保持步伐”（somenationsandindustrieshavestruggledtokeeppace），從而“加劇了（withinandbetweencountries）經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等”（increasedeconomicinequality）。選項(xiàng)C“導(dǎo)致（在國(guó)家和之間）經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等加劇”準(zhǔn)確反映了這一點(diǎn)。7.D*解析思路：文章第二段提到，全球化的“商品和人員的增加運(yùn)動(dòng)”（increasedmovementofgoodsandpeople）導(dǎo)致了“碳足跡增加”（highercarbonemissions）和“環(huán)境退化”（environmentaldegradation）。選項(xiàng)D“碳足跡增加”是這一環(huán)境問題的具體表現(xiàn)。8.B*解析思路：文章第二段描述了各國(guó)為了吸引企業(yè)，“競(jìng)相降低（racetothebottom）環(huán)境法規(guī)”（lowerenvironmentalregulations）。這里的“racetothebottom”指的是在環(huán)保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上的惡性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，即追求最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。選項(xiàng)B“追求最低環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”符合此語境。Passage39.A*解析思路：文章第一段明確提到，除了物質(zhì)財(cái)富和外部成功，研究表明“真正幸福根植于更內(nèi)在的因素”（truehappinessisrootedinmoreintrinsicfactors）。隨后列舉了“正念、感恩和強(qiáng)大的社會(huì)聯(lián)系”（mindfulness,gratitude,andstrongsocialconnections）作為例子。選項(xiàng)A“內(nèi)在因素，如正念、感恩和社會(huì)聯(lián)系”概括了這些內(nèi)容。10.C*解析思路：文章第一段指出，幸福感的定義“受到文化差異的嚴(yán)重影響”（heavilyinfluencedbyculturaldifferences），使得“為幸福制定普遍定義具有挑戰(zhàn)性”（makinguniversaldefinitionschallenging）。這意味著不同的