中考英語復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解五大題型解題方法：閱讀理解主旨大意閱讀理解-閱讀理解-主旨大意一、考點熱點回顧主要特點：文體多樣，題材各異，生活化，知識化。近年來，閱讀篇目題材形式有如下特征：1.科普知識：介紹科普知識、科研動態(tài)以及科技成果的開發(fā)、特點、用途等等。2.哲理短文：有理論、有事實。作者往往根據(jù)一些很普通的事實，通過嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)乃季S，縝密的推理得出一個具有普遍性或指導(dǎo)性的觀點。3.新聞報道：主題突出；要點明顯（五個“W”：when，where，who，what，which）4.人物傳記：以記敘某個人物的生平事跡、趣聞軼事、生活背景、成長或奮斗歷程為主。5.短篇故事：與人物傳記不同的是，這類文章一般描述的是一件具體的事情的起因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果等。6.史地文化：設(shè)計某個或幾個國家、地區(qū)、河流、山脈、海洋、城鎮(zhèn)等的地理位置以及與之相關(guān)的社會生活、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、人文歷史、自然資源、文化習(xí)俗等方面的情況，相當(dāng)一部分文章還附有圖表供理解或選擇。7.幽默小品：這類文章是對社會生活、人的性格特點、行為舉止的某些可笑的特征進(jìn)行戲劇性描繪的特殊文體。特別要把握文章的最后幾句，分析它們與上文的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，找出文章的“幽默點”。8.圖形表格：無文字表述，或只有少量的文字表述。題型特點1.閱讀理解對考生的要求：《新課標(biāo)》規(guī)定：英語學(xué)習(xí)的目的是通過聽、說、讀、寫的訓(xùn)練，使學(xué)生獲得英語基礎(chǔ)知識和為交際運用英語的能力，以及發(fā)展學(xué)生的思維能力和自學(xué)能力。閱讀理解要求能獨立閱讀所學(xué)的語言材料范圍內(nèi)生詞率不超過2%的材料。閱讀能力是一項重要的語言技能，閱讀理解要求我們既要具備一定的詞匯量和語法知識，較多的語言經(jīng)驗的積累和良好的語言感覺，又要具備一定的文化背景知識和相關(guān)的閱讀技能。（1.記敘類：考點：寫人與說事方面的材料閱讀理解難點：說事方面的材料閱讀理解熱點：新聞焦點人物或最新發(fā)生的事情（2.說明類：考點：說明類材料的閱讀理解難點：涉及地理知識的閱讀理解熱點：介紹最近的一些高科技產(chǎn)品發(fā)明以及介紹一些動物知識（3.議論類：考點：議社交文化禮儀、環(huán)保方面、談家庭、學(xué)校、國家文化教育理念、太空探索方面的閱讀理解難點：太空探索方面的閱讀理解熱點：社交文化禮儀、環(huán)境保護(hù)、文化教育理念、太空探索（4.應(yīng)用文：考點：廣告類、書信、電子郵件、便條、圖表等其他類型的應(yīng)用文閱讀理解難點：廣告類的應(yīng)用文熱點：廣告類的應(yīng)用文2.閱讀題的題型特點：在中考試題中，閱讀理解舉足輕重，占卷面總分的35%，近幾年中考試題中，閱讀理解題設(shè)計的大多題型為單項選擇，判斷正誤，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容補全信息或根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容簡略回答問題。該試題類型所提供的閱讀材料一般淺于所學(xué)的課文，它要求考生通讀全文后能夠理解其內(nèi)容，然后做文章后面的題目，即從四個選項中選出能回答所提問題或判斷所給句子與原文內(nèi)容是否相符等題目。這一題型著重測試學(xué)生理解性閱讀的能力，通常有以下幾種類型：①主題思想型。②細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)型。③推理判斷型④猜測詞義型。⑤判斷正誤型。3.解題思路與技巧①同學(xué)拿到文章后，先將其通讀1~2遍，注意文章開頭的句子和每段的首句，它們往往是對段落或全文意思起概括或引導(dǎo)性的句子，無論是科普性質(zhì)的說明文還是故事性的記敘文，在閱讀時，都應(yīng)積極地開動腦筋，調(diào)動大腦中儲存的有效知識和想象力，邊讀邊設(shè)想，有時會使晦澀難懂的句子變得輕松易懂，根據(jù)文章的性質(zhì)，在閱讀時還要有意識地記住關(guān)鍵的內(nèi)容和詞匯，如：人物、事情發(fā)生的時間、地點、情節(jié)和結(jié)局。②遇到不認(rèn)識的生詞，不要害怕或馬上查字典，要繼續(xù)讀下去，根據(jù)上下文的意思推測詞義。③當(dāng)讀到文章含義不明的地方，往往是某些詞語的理解沒有銜接好，所以在閱讀時，要注意識別代詞，如this，it，one等，根據(jù)上下文判斷其指代內(nèi)容，注意識別省略成分，明確省略內(nèi)容；注意識別表示并列，轉(zhuǎn)折（and，but，so，or，for），因果（because，as，sothat）等邏輯關(guān)系及相關(guān)標(biāo)志詞，如atfirst，forexample，then，atlast，inaword等，以達(dá)到對文章篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)確把握和理解。④應(yīng)該先做容易的題，難題可放在后面有時間再做。⑤選項完成之后，應(yīng)趁熱打鐵，把文章復(fù)讀一遍，用全文的主題思想來統(tǒng)率各個題目，并反復(fù)審核那些沒有把握的題目，爭取做到意通理順，理解無誤?？傊?，應(yīng)該學(xué)會在閱讀中多思索，多分析，既要看到文章的字面意思，也要推斷出字里行間的含義，作者的意圖，切記做題時要遵循原文，不要憑空想象，夾雜個人思想。技能訓(xùn)練1.主旨大意題：這類題目主要是考查對作者意圖或文章意圖的理解，寫一篇文章或者陳述一個事實，或者解釋一個問題，或者論證一個道理，這種“陳述”“解釋”“論證”就是作者的意圖，在閱讀理解中，作者意圖和文章意圖是統(tǒng)一的、一致的、不可分割的。主旨大意題可分成主題型，標(biāo)題型和目的型，主題型一目了然就是找中心（Mainidea）；標(biāo)題型是為文章材料選擇標(biāo)題（Title）；目的型就是推斷作者的寫作意圖（Purpose），這類題常見的命題方式有：（1）Whatisthemainidea（subject）ofthispassage?（2）Themainpointofthepassageis…（3）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?（4）Thetitlethebestexpressthethemeofthepassageis…（5）Thebesttitleforthepassageis…（6）Thepurposeofthewriterinwritingthispassage…（7）Thisstorymainlytellusabout…完成題目的思路和技巧：首先對文章進(jìn)行概括，掌握文章的中心思想是英語閱讀的關(guān)鍵，所以，應(yīng)采取快速閱讀法瀏覽全文，理解文章大意，閱讀時要注意文章的開頭，結(jié)尾及段落的段首句和段尾句，因為它們往往包含文章的中心議題。遇到主旨大意題，首先要掌握字面信息，其次對全部信息進(jìn)行加工概括，獲取信息內(nèi)涵，得出合理主題。二、經(jīng)典例題例1.TheManhattan（NewYorkCity）telephonebookisoneofthelargestofitskindinthecountry.About1500000copiesofthisbookareprinted（印刷）eachyear.Tomakethepaperofthebooks,4,3000treesarecutdown.Therearetwenty-sixcolumns（欄目）ofSmithsandtwenty-threeofBrowns.Ifallthecopiesofthisbookwerestackedontopofeachother,theywouldmakeapilefortymileshigh.Thesubjectoftheparagraphis___________.A.whattheManhattanphonebookislike.B.wheretheManhattantelephonebookisprinted.C.howmanytelephonesthereareinNewYork.D.SmithandBrownarethemostpopularnamesinNewYork.例2.Onemorninganoldmanlefthishousewithsixdonkeys.Afteratime,hegottired,sohegotononeofthedonkeys.Hecountedthedonkeys,andthereareonlyfive.Sohegotoffthedonkey,andwenttolookforthesixth,helookedandlooked,buthecouldn’tfindit,sohewentbacktothedonkeysagain,andtheystarted.Afterafewmiuntes,hecountedthedonkeysagain,andagaintherewereonlyfive!Hecouldn’tunderstand.Justthenafriendpassedhim.Theoldmansaidtohim,“Ileftmyhousewithsixdonkeys.ThenIhadfive,thenIhadsixagain,andnowIhaveonlyfive!Look!One,two,three,four,five.” “But”saidhisfriend,“youaresittingonadonkey,too.Thisisthesixth.Andyouaretheseventh!” Themainideaofthepassageisthat___________. A.sometimespeoplemakefoolishmistakesB.peoplearecleverthandonkeysC.oldpeoplearenotcleverasyoungpeopleD.donkeysarefoolishanimals.

例3.Smallchildrenoftenlaughatlameorblindpersonorsomeoneinbadclothes.Butastheygrowup,theylearnnottohurtpeople’sfeelingsbylaughingattheirproblems.Theylearntolaughatthemselves.Forexample,youmakeamistakeandlostinafootballmatch.Doyoubecomeangry?Orcanyoulaughatyourselfandhopetodobetternexttime?Ifyoucan,it’sagoodsignyou’vereallygrowup. Thetextismostlyabout_____________. A.whylaughisgoodforyourbodyB.whatyoushouldlaughatC.whereyoumaylaughD.howyoucanlaughatyourself三、過手訓(xùn)練（A）Manypeoplebelievethatbatsareblind.Weoftenhearthesaying“Blindasbats.”Butbatscanfindtheirwayaroundverywell,becausetheycanseewiththeirears.Thisisnotfunnyasitseems.Mostbatsmakeahighsound.Itissohighthatwecannothearwithoutears.Theyscreechwhentheymovearound,andtheechoesofthesecriescomebacktotheirears.Inthiswaytheycantellwherethingsare.Batsgoouttoeatatnight.Inthedaytimetheyhangclosetogetherintheircaves,treesorotherdarkplaces.Wheneveningcomes,theyflyouttolookforfood.Inthemorningtheycomebackhometorestuntilthenexteveningcomes.Batsareveryusefulanimals.Theyhaveinsectsforfood,andtheykillalotofinsectseveryyear.1.Thebesttitleofthepassageis_____A.“HowPeopleLooksatBats”B.“HowBatsLookforFood”C.“HowBatsSeeThings”D.“Bats”2.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphis_____________.A.howpeoplelookatbatsB.howbatsfindthingsC.howbatsfindfoodD.howbatseatinsect3.Themainideaofsecondparagraphis______________A.whenbatsgotolookforfoodB.howbatseatforfoodC.whatbatseatforfoodD.whybatsgooutatnight（B）AStrangeWayofSendingAMessageSomepeopledon’tneedamailboxtosendamessage.Theyuseabottleinstead.Herearetwostoriesaboutpeoplewhosentamessageinabottle.Bothofthemaretrue.In1956,asailorfromSwedenwasonaship.Hewrotealetter,askingotherstowritetohim.Heputtheletterinabottleandthrewthebottleintothesea.Twoyearslater,amanfoundthebottleonabeachinItaly.Hereadtheletterandshowedittohisdaughter.Shewas18.Asajoke,shewrotetothesailor.Theybegantowritetoeachother.Inafewmonths,theyweremarried.Hereisthesecondstory.Backin1924,aboyfromArkansaswrotehisnameonthebackofhispicture.Heputthepictureinabottleandthrewthebottleintoariver.Thebottlewasnotfoundformanyyears.ThenonedayamannamedBillpickedituponabeachinFlorida.Hepulledthepictureoutofthebottleandlookedatit.Hecouldhardlybelievehiseyes.Theboyinthepicturewashisoldfriend,Tom,fromArkansas,BillhadnotseenTomfor25years.Somehowthebottlehadcometotherightplace.8.Whatisthemainideaofthewholestory? A.Sailingonaship.B.Sendingamessageinabottle.C.SendingamessagetoItaly.D.Howtosendamessage.（C）Thepopulationoftheearthisbecominglargerandlarger.Therearenowmorethan5000millionpeopleontheearth.Bytheyear2000,therewillbeover1000millionpeoplemore.Wherewillallthesemillionslive?Morehouses,blocksofflatsandskyscrapers（摩天大樓）willhavetobebuilt.Soonnonewhousewillbeabletohaveagarden.Manwillhavetobuildhousesunderthesea.Bythetwenty-firstcenturymanymenwillprobablytoliveonotherplanets（行星）iflifeisfoundtobepossiblethere.Scientistsarealreadyworkingonthispossibility.Thentherewillberegularflights（定期飛行）inspaceshipsfromtheearthtotheseplanets.9.Thebesttitleforthepassageis___________. A.HousingproblemintheTwentyfirstcenturyB.ThelargepopulationontheEarthC.SpaceshipsintheFutureD.HousesareNeeded四、課后習(xí)題AArecentresearchshowsthatphysicalactivity(體育活動)mayhelpstudentsdobetterintheirclasses.TheresearchcomesbecauseeducatorsinsomecountriesarereducingtimeforactivitieslikeP.E.class.Researchersgoovertheresultsoffourteenstudies.TwelvewerefromtheUnitedStates,onefromCanadaandonefromSouthAfrica.Thestudiesappearedbetween2009and2013.Theyincludedmorethan55,000children,agedsixtoeighteen.ThomasSingh,oneoftheresearchers,saysthestudiesshowedarelationshipbetweenphysicalactivityandscoresonsubjectssuchasmath,Englishandreading.Ms.Singhofferssomepossibleexplanations(解釋):“Thereare,first,physiological(生理的)explanations,likemorebloodflow,andsomoreoxygen(氧氣)tothebrain.Beingphysicallyactivemeanstherearemorehormones(荷爾蒙)producedlikeendorphins(腦內(nèi)啡).Andendorphinsmakeyourstresslevellowerandyourmoodimproved,whichmeansyouwillperformbetterinclass.Also,studentswhotakepartinorganizedsportslearnrulesandhowtofollowthem.Thiscouldimprovetheirclassroombehaviorandhelpthemknowwhattheyshoulddo.Allinall,thefindingtellsusthatphysicallyactivekidsaremorelikelytodobetterinschool.Ms.Singhsaysschoolsshouldconsiderthefindingbeforetheycutphysicaleducationprograms.1.Whatledtheresearcherstodothestudies?A.Schools’cuttingphysicalactivity.B.Theirinterestinphysicalactivity.C.Thetestsincludingabout55,000children.D.Kids’unsatisfyingschoolingperformance.2.Howmanycountriestookpartinthestudies?A.14.B.12C.2.D.3.3.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneoftheadvantagesofphysicalactivityaccordingtothepassage?A.Gettingmorebloodflow.B.Betterclassroombehavior.C.Feelingrelaxedandrefreshed.D.Greaterabilitytoorganizeactivities.【答案】1-3ADCBWealwayscelebratedDad’sbirthdayonThanksgivingDay,evenafterheenteredanursinghome.Whenweknewitmightbehislastbirthday,thewholefamilydecidedtogettogetherforahugebirthdaycelebrationatthenursinghome.Dadwasagoodstorytellerandwewerealwayshislisteners.Duringaquietmoment,IannounceditwasnowDad’sturntolistentostoriesforachange.IwantedeveryonetotellDadwhatwelovedabouthim.Theroombecamequiet.Thenoneafteranother,peopletoldstoriesfromtheirhearts,whileDadlistenedwithtearsineyes.Everyoneseemedtohavemorethanonestory.Eventhelittlegrandchildrencouldn’twaittotellDadwhytheylovedhim.Foramanwhohadbeenkindtosomanyhundredsofpeopleinhislife,herewasourchancetotellhimhowmuchwelovehim.Afewmonthslater,atDad’smemorialservice,wemorefullyrealizedwhatwehadgiventoDadthatnight.Thosearethestoriespeoplenormallytellatafuneral(葬禮)afteralovedoneisnolongeralivetohearthewords.Theytellstories,fulloftears.ButwehadgiventhosememoriestoDadinhislife,andwehadtoldthemthroughlaughter,togetherwithhugsandjoy.Hehadthemtoholdandenjoyedthemfromtimetotimeinhismindduringhislastdaysandmonths.Wordsdomatter,andtheyareenough.Wejustneedtosaythemortospeakthempubliclytheoneswelove.That’sthewaystogivebackloveandthat’sourchancetocelebrateapersoninhisorherlife.1.Thewriter’sfamilydecidedtohaveahugebirthdaycelebrationbecause______.A.DadwastoleavethehospitalB.itmightbeDad’slastbirthdayC.theywouldcelebrateThanksgivingDayD.Dadwasatthenursinghome2.Accordingtothepassage,weknow______.A.allthefamilylovedthefather,includingthelittlegrandchildrenB.thewriter’sfatherwasstillenjoyinggoodhealthC.thepartywasheldatthewriter’shomeD.thedoctortoldthewriterhisfatherwasgoingtodieatonce3.Fromthepassage,weknowthewriter’sfatherwas______tohearthestories.A.surprisedB.movedC.sadD.frustrated4.Thebesttitleofthepassagecanbe______.A.AnAmazingStoryB.AKindFatherC.SayOurLovePubliclyD.ABigParty【答案】1-4BABCCKatherineCommaleisan11-year-oldgirlfromPennsylvania.AttheageoffiveshebeganraisingmoneytobuynetsforchildreninAfricatohelpstopthespreadofmalaria(瘧疾).Whenshewasfive,KatherinelearntaboutmalariainAfrica.Shelearntthatevery30secondsachilddiedfromthisdisease.Shealsolearntthatpeoplewouldn’tgetthatdiseaseiftheyhadenoughbednets.“Iwasreallysadtolearnthatachilddiedeveryhalfaminutebecauseofmalaria.”SaysKatherine,“Iwantedtosendnetsrightaway,sothat’swhatIdid.”Five-year-oldKatherinemadepresentationsatchurchesandschools.ShetoldstudentsandothershowimportantbednetswereforAfricans.Afterpeopleheardthepresentations,manyofthemdonatedmoney.KatherinesentthemoneytoNBN.NBNisanorganizationthatsendsbednetstoAfrica.Besides,everyholidayKatherinemakessomethingcalled“netgiftcertificate”withthehelpofherfriendsandbrothers.Oneachl0-dollarcertificatethereisamessage.ItexplainsthatabednetwouldbesenttoAfrica.Whenmorecertificateorderscome,Katherinegetshelpfromstudentsinherschool.Katherinehashelpedtoraise$200,000forNBN.“ItmakesmeproudtohelpAfricanchildren.Iwon’tstopworkinguntileveryoneinAfricahasabednet.”saysKatherine.1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.WhenKatherinewassix,shebeganhelpingchildreninAfrica.B.Katherinelearntthattwochildrendiedfrommalariaoneminute.C.Katherinedidalotandhelpedtoraise$20,000forNBN.D.Katherine’sparentshelpedhermake“bednetgiftcertificate”.2.InParagraph4,“It”refersto“_______”.A.a10-dollarnote B.agiftcertificate C.anorganization D.amessage3.FromthepassageweknowKatherinedidthefollowingEXCEPT_______.A.raisingagreatdealofmoneyforNBNB.givingpresentationsatchurchesandschoolsC.explainingtheimportanceofnetsforAfricansD.orderingpeopletolearntousethenetswell4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.Katherine’sworkisveryhelpfulandmeaningfulB.thespreadofmalariainAfricawillbemoreseriousC.everychildinAfricagetsanetwithKatherine’shelpD.KatherinehasreceivedmuchmoneyfromNBN【答案】1-4BDDA二、英語書面表達(dá)專項訓(xùn)練2．環(huán)境保護(hù)人人有責(zé)，如果我們每一個人都能珍愛美麗地球保護(hù)自然資源，相信我們的家園會越來越美好。某英文網(wǎng)站正在開展以“GoingGreen”為主題的征文活動。假如你是李華，請用英語寫一篇短文投稿，談?wù)勎覀兠媾R的主要環(huán)境問題是什么，為改善環(huán)境我們能做什么，以及你的期望。提示詞語：pollution,protect,save,recycle,takeaction提示問題：●Whatarethemainenvironmentalproblemswehave?●Whatcanwedoinourdailylife?●What’syourwish?Nowtherearemanyenvironmentalproblems.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文Nowtherearemanyenvironmentalproblems.Suchasairpollution,waterpollutionandsoon.Ibelievethattherearemanythingswecandoinourdailylife,wecansaveenergybygotoschoolbybikeoronfoot.Wecanuselesswaterbyturningoffthetapwhilewebrushourteeth,andtakingshortershowers.Whenweseelitterontheground,wemustpickitupandputitintodifferentbins.Ihopeeveryonecantakeaction.Althougheachoneofusmayonlydoalittle,togetherwecanmakeabigdifference.Let’sworktogethertomakeabetterplacetolive.【解析】【詳解】題干解讀：該題目屬于說明文寫作，寫作時要把我們面臨的主要環(huán)境問題是什么，為改善環(huán)境我們能做什么，以及你的期望全部包括。例文點評：例文采用的是三段式；用第一人稱來敘述為改善環(huán)境我們能做什么；時態(tài)采用的是一般現(xiàn)在時，描述建議時，描寫具體，條理清晰。高分亮點：短語：saveenergy；brushourteeth；putitintodifferentbins；takeaction；makeabigdifference。句型：Whenweseelitterontheground,wemustpickitupandputitintodifferentbins；Althougheachoneofusmayonlydoalittle,togetherwecanmakeabigdifference?！军c睛】首先認(rèn)真審題，看清題目中的要求和要點；然后根據(jù)提示內(nèi)容，列出寫作要點及每個要點中可能要用到的表達(dá)，例如saveenergy；brushourteeth；putitintodifferentbins；takeaction；makeabigdifference。以及狀語從句等；然后緊扣要點，動筆寫作，在寫作過程中，要注意句與句、段與段之間的過渡，必要時可適當(dāng)運用表示轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、并列、比較等關(guān)系的連詞，使文章過渡平穩(wěn)，自然流暢；最后，要仔細(xì)檢查有無單詞拼寫錯誤、標(biāo)點符號誤用等，還要檢查語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理，有無重復(fù)、啰嗦的語言，大小寫是否正確，詞數(shù)是否符合要求等。3．書面表達(dá)即將步入高中的你們馬上要面對近幾年熱門討論的“3+X”高考模式的選擇(3即語文，數(shù)學(xué)，英語。X即物理，化學(xué)，歷史，政治，生物等等科目)。對此，有人贊同，有人反對。請你根據(jù)以下提示內(nèi)容，就”3+X”考試這一話題，談?wù)勀阕约旱目捶?。注意?.請根據(jù)表格內(nèi)容，寫出語法正確，語言優(yōu)美的短文，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。2.文中不能出現(xiàn)自己的姓名和所在學(xué)校的名稱及其它相關(guān)的信息，否則不予評分。3.詞數(shù)：80字左右（提示詞不算字?jǐn)?shù)）贊同的觀點學(xué)生可以選擇自己擅長或感興趣的科目，他們在考試中能取得好成績……反對的觀點事實上，這對學(xué)生而言，選擇科目更難，有些科目競爭對手更多，而且有的學(xué)生難以選擇適合自己的老師或科目……你的觀點……We’regoingtoentertheseniorhighschoolthisSeptember.Nowadays,moreandmorepeopledopayattentiontothe3+XExaminationforCollegeEntranceExamination(3+X高考).Somepeoplethink____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】We'regoingtoentertheseniorhighschoolthisSeptember．Nowadays，moreandmorepeopledopayattentiontothe3+XExaminationforCollegeEntranceExamination（3+X高考）．Somepeoplethink3+XExaminationisverysuitableforstudents．Theycanchoosesubjectsthattheyaregoodatorinterestedin．Theycangetgoodmarksinexam．Somepeoplethinkithasdisadvantages．Infact，itismoredifficultforstudentstochoosesubjects．Somesubjectshavemorecompetitors，andsomestudentsaredifficulttochoosesuitableteachersorsubjects．Inmyopinion，learningwellisthemostimportantthing．【解析】【分析】這篇書面表達(dá)是篇議論文。主要是對熱門話題新高考“3+X”模式討論?！驹斀狻窟@個話題，考生都比較熟悉，也貼近考生的實際?？忌枰鶕?jù)表格所給的內(nèi)容，先表述正反兩方面的觀點，其次要加入自己的觀點，這是要求考生自己發(fā)揮的。在寫作時考生可以使用自己熟悉的短語，句式，避免出現(xiàn)錯誤；建議使用一些長難句給作文加分；最后要檢查，拼寫是否有誤，標(biāo)點符號使用是否恰當(dāng)?shù)??！军c睛】寫作時要明確要點，做到思路清晰，句式靈活，表達(dá)流暢，語法正確，結(jié)合要求，注意作文題材，不要寫跑題.日常積累一些短語和詞句.4．旅行是學(xué)習(xí)的最好方式之一。請以“Travelling”為題，根據(jù)以下思維導(dǎo)圖的提示，寫一篇短文，并發(fā)表你的看法。注意：1.要點齊全，適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；2.從思維導(dǎo)圖Sayings部分，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)母窈侠砝迷诙涛闹校?.詞數(shù)：100詞左右；【答案】例文Travellingisoneofthebestwaysforlearning.Youmayhavereadorheardaboutsomething,butyoucannevergetanexactpictureofituntilyouseeityourself.Seeingisbelieving.Ifyouareacarefulobserver,youcanlearnmuchduringyourtravelaboutthegeography,biology,andhistoryoftheplacesyouvisit.Youcanalsocreategreatmemoriesforyourlifetime.Furthermore,whiletravelling,youcanmeetmorepeopleandmakemorefriends.Nomatterhowwelleducatedyouare,thereisalwaysalotforyoutolearnthroughtravelling.【解析】【詳解】這篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短語，為文章增色不少，如oneofthebestways，learnmuch，anexactpictureof，acarefulobserver，seeingisbelieving，nomatter，alot等。而非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)Seeingisbelieving./Furthermore,whiletravelling,youcanmeetmorepeopleandmakemorefriends.和Ifyouareacarefulobserver,youcanlearnmuchduringyourtravelaboutthegeography,biology,andhistoryoftheplacesyouvisit./Nomatterhowwelleducatedyouare,thereisalwaysalotforyoutolearnthroughtravelling.等復(fù)雜從句結(jié)構(gòu)的運用，豐富了短文內(nèi)容，使表達(dá)多樣化，是本文的亮點。在學(xué)習(xí)中注意總結(jié)牢記一些固定句式及短語，寫作時就可以適當(dāng)引用，使文章表達(dá)更有邏輯性，也更富有條理?！军c睛】書面表達(dá)題既不是漢譯英，也不是可任意發(fā)揮的作文。它要求將所規(guī)定的材料內(nèi)容經(jīng)整理后展開思維，考查運用所學(xué)英語知識準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)意思的能力。所以，考生不能遺漏要點，要盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞、短語和句式，盡可能使用高級詞匯和較復(fù)雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu)以便得到較高的分?jǐn)?shù)。5．書面表達(dá)初中畢業(yè)在即,回顧三年的學(xué)習(xí)生活,你一定有成功的體驗,如一次考試,一次比賽,一次表演......請你以BelieveMyself,andIWillWin為題寫一篇演講稿。提示：(1)Whatwastheevent?(2)Howdidyoumakeit?(3)What’syourfeeling?要求：(1)發(fā)言稿中須包括所有提示內(nèi)容,可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。(2)發(fā)言稿中不得出現(xiàn)真實的人名、校名和地名。(3)詞數(shù)80個左右(開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計入總詞數(shù))。BelieveMyself,andIWillWinHello,everyone!___________________________________________________________________________Thankyouforyourlistening.【答案】BelieveMyself,andIwillwinHello,everyone!Asanoldsayinggoes,wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Therealwaysaredifficultiesinourlifeandwehavetofacethem.WhenIwasintheseventhgrade,IalwayshaddifficultyinlearningEnglish.Ijustcouldn’tunderstandit.Ievenwantedtogiveitup.Thenmyparentstoldmethatwherethereisawill,thereisaway.TheyalsotoldmethatIshouldbeconfident.MyEnglishteacherencouragedmetocontinuetostudyandtoldmesomegoodwaystostudyit.Ihadtheconfidenceagain.IfoundwhenIputmyheartintoit,Englishdidn’t’seemthatdifficult.Imadegreatprogress.Myparentsandteacherswerehappyforme.Ifeltpleasedandproudformyself,too.TobeconfidentmeansIshouldbelievemyself.Believemyself,therearehopesinmylife.Inthefuture,Iwon'tbeafraidofthedifficultiesinmylifeandI'msurethatnothingcanbeatmeandIwillwin!Believemyself,abeautifulfutureiswaitingforme.Thankyouforyourlistening.【解析】【詳解】這篇作文要求我們以BelieveMyselfandIwillwin為題，寫一篇演講稿。題目中用問題的形式給出了提示，審題可知，文章應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容：首先敘述你生活中遇到的一件困難的事；然后介紹你是如何克服了這個困難，最后取得成功的；最后說一下你自己的感受。寫作時學(xué)生們應(yīng)根據(jù)這幾個內(nèi)容提要，發(fā)揮自己的想象力，將這些內(nèi)容補充完整，用正確的英語表達(dá)出來。短文應(yīng)以一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時為主，注意謂語動詞的正確形式。寫作時應(yīng)注意：首先要保證發(fā)言稿中包括了所有提示的內(nèi)容，不能遺漏要點，可以根據(jù)表達(dá)需要適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，但要與上下文意銜接起來。其次要注意英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣和漢語是不同的，不能按照漢語思維，逐詞翻譯。應(yīng)從句子的整體結(jié)構(gòu)出發(fā)，選擇適當(dāng)句型、短語、詞匯進(jìn)行表達(dá)。句式結(jié)構(gòu)可以簡單句為主，穿插并列句或復(fù)合句。為提升文章檔次，應(yīng)注意銜接詞以及高級句式或復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)的使用?！军c睛】這是一篇優(yōu)秀的作文，短文作者根據(jù)題目要求，寫了一篇演講稿。文章有以下幾個優(yōu)點：首先短文內(nèi)容完整，包括了題目中要求的所有內(nèi)容，沒有遺漏要點。各部分內(nèi)容安排合理，層次清晰。短文主要分成三段，每一段主題都很明確，敘述詳細(xì)、清楚。其次短文使用了正確的時態(tài)和人稱，短文主要使用了一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時，動詞形式變化準(zhǔn)確，尤其注意了不規(guī)則動詞的過去式形式，語法規(guī)范，用詞準(zhǔn)確。文章中句式變化豐富，有簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句，長短句結(jié)合，增強了文章的表現(xiàn)力。短文中使用了較豐富的句型，如WhenIwasintheseventhgrade,IalwayshaddifficultyinlearningEnglish.、MyEnglishteacherencouragedmetocontinuetostudyandtoldmesomegoodwaystostudyit.、IfoundwhenIputmyheartintoit,Englishdidn’t’seemthatdifficult、Inthefuture,Iwon'tbeafraidofthedifficultiesinmylifeandI'msurethatnothingcanbeatmeandIwillwin!等等。6．假如你是李華，請你根據(jù)以下提示用英語寫一封保護(hù)大象的倡議書。提示：陸地上最大的哺乳動物，可以活到80歲。目前數(shù)量在減少，因為：1）人們砍伐森林，大象漸漸失去家園；2）人們捕殺大象，獲取象牙。3）應(yīng)如何保護(hù)它們(不少于三條)。要求：1）恰當(dāng)運用比較級和最高級；2）80詞左右。倡議書的結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯：哺乳動物mammal;象牙ivoryDearclassmates_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ibelieveeveryone'scontribution(貢獻(xiàn))canmakeabigdifference.Yours,Lihua【答案】Dearclassmates,Elephantsarethelargestmammalsonthelandandtheycanliveuptobeeightyyears.Butnowthenumberoftheelephantsisdecreasingbecauseofthefollowingreasons.Firstly,peoplecutdowntreesintheforest,soelephantsarelosingtheirhomes.Secondly,peoplealsokillelephantsfortheirivory.Asaresult,weneedtodosomethingtohelpthem.First,weshouldplantmoretreestobuildthehomesforelephants.Second,wecanputuppostonthestreettotellpeoplethatitisagainstthelawtokillelephants.Orwecanalsoholdsomeactivitiesinsomepublicplacestospreadtheideaofprotectingtheelephants.Ibelieveeveryone'scontribution(貢獻(xiàn))canmakeabigdifference.Yours,Lihua【解析】【詳解】本文是一封倡議書,倡議大家保護(hù)大象。文章共分為三個方面的內(nèi)容，首先描述大象想在所處的現(xiàn)狀，然后說明出現(xiàn)這種狀況的原因，最后為了保護(hù)的大象我們應(yīng)該如何去做。時態(tài)主要為一般現(xiàn)在時。提出倡議時可以使用Wecan/Weshould/Let’s/We’dbetter的表示建議的句子。寫作時注意不要使用太復(fù)雜的句型，以免出現(xiàn)語法錯誤，為使句子具有連貫性，可以適當(dāng)使用連詞。本篇文章內(nèi)容完整，符合材料要求，Elephantsarethelargestmammals…,及First,weshouldplantmoretrees也使用到了比較級和最高級；Firstly,….Secondly,…等詞的使用使文章具有層次性，條理清晰。并且一些連詞的使用，比如so,or,but等也使文章具有連貫性，是一篇不錯的文章。7．假如你是李華，作為活動主持人，你打算邀請外教Smith先生來參加本周末學(xué)校開展的“英語戲劇展示”活動，請用英語給他寫一封邀請函，告訴他本次活動的具體時間和地點，安排了哪些內(nèi)容，以及需要他做哪些事情。提示詞語:wear,role,perform,judge,suggestions,photos提示問題:WhenandwhereareyougoingtoholdtheEnglishdramashow?Whatareyougoingtodoontheshow?WhatwillyouaskMr.Smithtodofortheshow?DearMr.Smith,I'mgladtotellyouthere'llbeanEnglishdramashowthisweekend._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________We’relookingforwardtoyourreply.LiHua【答案】DearMr.Smith,I’mgladtotellyouthere’llbeanEnglishdramashowthisweekend.Itwillbeheldat8:00thisSaturdaymorning.Wearegoingtoholditinourmusicclub.Allofusaregoingtowearniceclothesandplaydifferentrolesingroups.WewillperformEnglishdramas.Speecheswillbemadeduringtheshow.Ihopeyoucanworkasajudgeandgivescoresforeachgroupaftertheirperformances.Thenattheendofthedramashow,youcangiveussomesuggestions.Ifpossible,youcanbringyourcamerawithyouandtakesomephotosforus.IbelievethisEnglishdramashowwillbesuccessfulwithyourhelp.We’relookingforwardtoyourreply.LiHua【解析】【詳解】本文屬于話題作文，邀請外教史密斯先生參加英語戲劇展示活動。根據(jù)要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容確定并準(zhǔn)確運用時態(tài)，上下文意思連貫，符合邏輯，可適當(dāng)增加內(nèi)容。亮點說明：這是一篇優(yōu)秀的作文，很好的完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)，語言表達(dá)符合英語習(xí)慣，準(zhǔn)確運用時態(tài)、主謂一致，特別使用一些亮點詞句，如begoingto,attheendof,givesbsth,ifpossible,takesomephotos以及withone’shelp。增強邏輯關(guān)系，增加上下文意思連貫，用詞準(zhǔn)確，句子通順，行文連貫。【點睛】寫作時可以從以下幾個方面做起：認(rèn)真審題。審好題是寫好書面表達(dá)的關(guān)鍵。審題時要注意試題的要求，抓住要點，詞數(shù)符合要求。構(gòu)思提綱。有了提綱，我們就可以根據(jù)提綱和主題確定相關(guān)的寫作材料。通常書面表達(dá)給出的話題是開放的，而具體的內(nèi)容要求學(xué)生自己發(fā)揮，因此選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)乃夭囊彩鞘苟涛闹行耐怀?、明確的關(guān)鍵。初寫短文。一切都準(zhǔn)備就緒，就可以動筆寫作了，在寫作的過程中我們要注意句子的準(zhǔn)確性、連貫性以及簡潔性。使用的詞語、短語及句型盡量用自己有把握的詞。同時還要注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞，使句子銜接自然。修改潤色。修改潤色是獲取高分的必要步驟。這一步我們除了檢查短文的各種錯誤外，還要檢查語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理，有無重復(fù)、啰嗦的語言，大小寫是否正確，格式是否正確，詞數(shù)是否符合要求等。8．加入你是英國交流學(xué)生Neil，你在南京SunshineMiddleSchool兩個月的學(xué)習(xí)生活即將結(jié)束。請你根據(jù)以下提示，以Neil的名義，用英語給Suns