【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】1.長難句分析2.掌握三大從句(定語從&名詞性從句&狀語從句)考點【課前熱身】語法填空Theremaybeno1Giza.butprooftoasociety'screativityandvisionthanEgypt'spyramidsofGiza.butthepyramidsareonlypartofancientEgypt'sheritage.Manyofthedevicesoftheirsocietyarestillmonplace.Herearetwooftheiramazinginventions.EyeMakeupSure,eyemakeupmightnotrankalongsidefireorthewheel2oneofthemostimportantdiscoveriesinhumanhistory,butitgivestheEgyptiansarunforlongevity.3B.C.yfirstinventedeyemakeupasfarbackas4000B.C.ithasnevergoneoutofstyle.Evenmoreimpressive,somecosmeticallymindedculturesstillcreatemakeup,usingthesametechniques4(originate)inEgyptthousandsofyearsago.Theybinedsoot(煤煙)withamineral5(create)ablackmixture,whichisstillpopulartoday.FortheEgyptians,makeupwasnotlimitedtowomen.Statusandappearancewenthandinhand,andasfarastheupperclass6(concern),themoremakeup,thebetter.FashionwasonlypartofthereasonfortheEgyptians'heavyhandwhenapplyingeyeliner.Theyalsobelievedthatitcouldcurevariouseyediseasesandevenhelpthemavoid7(fall)victimtotheevileye.BreathMintsNexttimeyoubuyMentosatthecounterof7Eleven,you8thanktheancientEgyptiansforcreatingawaytoconcealtheunpleasantsmellofourmouth.Justasinmoderntimes,badbreathinancientEgyptwasasymbolofpoordentalhealth.Unlikeus,theEgyptiansdidn'thavesweetsoftdrinksandfoodsthatcontributetotoothdecay,butthestones9(use)tomakeflourforbreadbroughtalotofsandtotheirdiet,whichdamagedtheirteeth.TheEgyptianshadspecialistsformanymedicalproblems,butunfortunately,theydidn'thavedentiststofixtheirbadteeth.Instead,theysimplysuffered,andscientists10haveexaminedmummieshavefoundseverelywornteeth,eveninyoungEgyptians.Tocopewiththeunpleasantsmellfromtheirrottingmouths,theyinventedthefirstmints,whichwereabinationboiledwithhoneyandshapedintopills.【答案】1.greater2.as2.as3.since4.originating5.tocreate6.wasconcerned7.falling8.should9.used10.who翻譯1.百年前的農(nóng)田，如今是集休閑娛樂于一體的公共服務(wù)空間。(integrate)【答案】Thefarmlandofahundredyearsagohasnowbeentransformedintoapublicservicespacethatintegratesleisureandentertainment.2.對這家公司來說重要的不是求職者的學(xué)歷而是他的能力。(matter)【答案】Whatmatterstothispanyisnotthejobapplicant'sdegreebuthisorherabilities.這款手機設(shè)計精美，功能強大，價格親民，一上市就受到消費者的青睞。(popular)【答案】Thismobilephoneisbeautifulindesign,powerfulinfunctionandreasonableinprice,soitispopularwithconsumersassoonasitisreleased/launched.【知識梳理1】A.每日長難句理解estimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyearparedwith$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.250.5%ofGDP.※句子分析※基本句型:SVO(主謂賓)句子主干:TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthatthiswouldincreasetheoilimportbill.句子腦圖:過去分詞作狀語paredwith$13in1998┇賓語從句TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthatthiswouldincreasetheoilimportbill. ┇┇inricheconomiesbyonly0.250.5%ofGDP條件狀語從句ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyearofGDP【注釋】本句主干為TheOECDestimates…that…。that后是estimates的賓語從句，其中ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear是條件狀語從句，過去分詞短語paredwith$13in1998是狀語，表比較?！緟⒖挤g】國際經(jīng)合組織在最近一期《經(jīng)濟展望》中估計，如果油價持續(xù)一年維持在22美元左右，與1998年的13美元一桶相比，這也只會使發(fā)達國家的石油進口在支出上增加GDP的0.250.5%。B.每日核心詞序號核心詞詞義1.abandononeselfto沉湎于2.beaccustomedto習(xí)慣..3.appealfor懇求4.absencefrom缺席5.assistsbwithsth幫助某人做某事6.haveanaccessto接近...7.adaptfor調(diào)整使適合于8.theadvancementof...的進步9.takeadvantageof利用...10.beagreeableto同意...11.addresssb給...致辭12.admissionofsth承認...C.選詞填空Exercise1abandonaccustomedacplishappealabsenceacademicacmodationsaccuracyassistedabsolutelyaccess1.WearedeterminedtolaunchaTVfordonationstothefaminevictims.2.Doctorsurgetheheavysmokerstothehabitjustforthesakeoftheirhealth.3.Themanageraskedmetobeinchargeofthedepartmentintheofhim.4.Itisruethatweneedmorepeopleworkingonthisurgenttask.5.Students'imaginationandcreativity,aswellastheirperformanceareallconsideredimportantelementswhenjudgingatopstudent.6.ThecollegestudentsurgetheschooltoprovidealibrarywiththetotheInternet.7.Kindergartenswitharemorepopularnowadaysasaresultofbusyparents.8.Thosewhoalwaysgiveuphalfwaywhenmeetingwithdifficultywillnothing.9.Whenmunicatingwithforeigners,youshouldpaymoreattentiontogettingyourideasacrosstothem,nottheofallthegrammaticalrulesinwhatyouaresaying.10.ThegirlmademuchprogressinEnglish,whichispartlyduetohersoonbeingtothenewenvironmenthere.【答案】1.appeal2.abandon3.absence4.absolutely5.academic6.access7.acmodations8.acplish9.accuracy10.accustomedExercise2adaptacknowledgeachievementaccustomedadvancementalcoholadvantageadvertisedagreeableaddressadmission1.TheNobelPrizesareawardedtothedistinguishedpeoplewhohavemadegreatinacertainfield.2.ThelocalgovernmentheldaceremonytoProfessorSmith'sgreatcontributiontoenvironmentalprotection.3.Shefeltsickbecauseshecouldn'therselftothewetclimateoffthecoast.4.Afterpracticingalongtime,hemanagedtohislessonstothewholeclassasanexperiencedspeaker.5.Thetosomefirstrateuniversitiesdependsonacademicresultsinhighschool.6.FromtheparadeofChina's60thanniversaryoffoundation,wecanseetheofmilitarytechnology.7.Asauniversitystudent,youshouldlearntotakefullofthefacilitiesoncampus.8.Idoubtwhetherthemedicineforlosingweight,whichisonTV,isreallyeffective.9.WhentakingavacationinMalaysia,Karenfoundthecuisineandweatherthere.10.YouareobligedtogetalicensefromtheIndustrialandmercialBureautosell.【答案】1.achievement2.acknowledge3.adapt4.address5.admission6.advancement7.advantage8.advertised9.agreeable10.alcohol【知識梳理2】三大從句英語中，三大從句是指名詞性從句、形容詞性從句和副詞性從句。名詞性從句包括:主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。從近幾年高考語法填空題來看，幾種從句都有涉及，尤以主語從句和同位語從句居多。形容詞性從句就是定語從句,它包括限制性和非限制性定語從句兩種。非限制性定語從句考查較多,尤其是which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。副詞性從句就是狀語從句，總計有九種。主要考查時間狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句。三大從句考查重點(描紅)從句類型連接詞作用/成分意義名詞性從句that××if/whetherד是否”What(ever)/which(ever)/who(ever)Whom(ever)/whose/howmany/howmuch主語、賓語、表語、定語(無論)什么/哪一個/誰、誰的、多少when(ever)/where(ever)/how(ever)/why/because狀語、表語(無論)何時/何地/怎樣、為什么，因為形容詞性從句(定語從句)who,whom,whose,which,that.as主語、賓語、表語、定語誰、誰的、哪一個、如...一樣where,when,why(不引導(dǎo)非限制性定從)狀語何地、何時、為什么副詞性從句(狀語從句)時間狀語從句when,while,as,theminute,themoment,thefirsttime,eachtime,anytime;before和since;till和until狀語當(dāng)時候;..就…;在.之前，自從…，直到..才...讓步狀語從句:although,though,as以及evenif,eventhough狀語雖然、即使結(jié)果狀語從句中“so..that”與“such..that”狀語如此...以致條件狀語從句if,unless,providing/provided,suppose/supposing狀語如果;除非;如果原因狀語從句because,since,as,for(原因分句)狀語因為【拓展練習(xí)】1.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoonthemeetingwouldbepostponed.【答案】that2.Itisoftenthecaseanythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohopes.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】that3.mattersthatweekisthateveryoneishavingagreattime.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】What4.However,gettingadvicefromcaresaboutyoucanimpactyourlifeingreatways.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】whoever5.Buttherearethingswecandothatmachinescan'tdo.machineshavemadeverylittleprogressisindealingwithnovelsituations.Theycan'thandlethingstheyhaven'tseenmanytimesbefore.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】Where6.Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildrenfindthechangetonurseryeasy,andthisisundoubtedlymoreandmoreparentsmakeuseofchildcareatthistime.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】why7.Richardswimsthreetimesaweekafterwork.Thisishekeepsfit.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】how8.“Everytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea.”Thisismymotherusedtotellme.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】what9.In196ltheUNdecidedtosetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneofpurposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】whose10.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,theweathermaybebetter.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】when11.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscry,noneofhasbeenproved.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】which12.Somethinkoftheofficeasthenewoffsite,thepurposeofistogetpeopletogethersotheycandothethingsthatremoteworkingmakesharder:establishingdeeperrelationshipsorcooperatinginrealtimeonspecificprojects.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】which13.Thisamazingdiscoverywasmadeinl996,adonkeyfellintoaholeandtheanimal'sownersawthefaceofashiny,goldencoloredmummyinside.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】when14.Thehouse,dooroftenstaysopenuntillateatnight,worksasahomefortheguards,someofarefromthecountryside.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】whosewhom15.Butthosenumbers,impressivetheyseem,maybebesidethepoint.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】as/though16.Thelittleboywouldn'tleavetheshopheboughtwhathewanted.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】untilAsamatteroffact,IbeganplayingfootballIwasonlyeightyearsold,andIhavebeengoodatit.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】whenmysiblingsandIweregrowingup,Ialwayssensedsomethingwasmissinginmylife,somethingfundamentaltomyveryidentity,towhoIwasandwhereIcamefrom.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】While/when/As19.PeopleinDaliareveryfriendlyandhonesttoyouyouareaforeignerorjustalocal.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】whether20.Theclassicalbookisstillworthititdoesn'tsellwell.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】evenif/though21.Mostimportantly,rememberthefollowingoldrule:trytoeatdifferentfoods,nottoomuch.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】but/yet22.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,itwasimpossibletocontrolit.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】but23.Drugabusehasseriouseffectsonindividualsphysicallyandmentally,theeconomiclossescausedbydrugabusearegreat.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】and24.Hotelsarelargelygivenovertoroomsforindividuals,“Homeisthoughtofasaplaceforafamilyoveryears,hostinglotsofdifferentactivities.”(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】while25.Involvingthekidsinplanningthevacationmakessurethattheyhaveagreatvacationtoo.Iprefertovisithistoricalsitesandmuseumswhiletheylovetofishandswim.SoIbuildinsomerelaxationtimeforusallthevacationcanworkforeveryone.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】sothat26.Youdonotcontrolwhenhesetsoffonhisadventures,canyoubesurethatyourhardworkwilllandyouacoveted(夢寐以求的)postcard.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】nor27.Notonlythewritersspeakwithpeoplewhostudycultureandgroupbehavior,butalsotheytalkedwithanimalsexpertslikezookeepers.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】did28.Muchthegoldenballcactusprefersthesun,ittoleratestemperaturesofbelowzerodegreescentigrade.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】as/though29.Afterthewars,theIndiansweredriventothewestofthecountry.Notuntil1924theygaintherighttovote.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】did30.ItwasinthestreetImetanoldclassmateofminetheotherday.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】that【課后作業(yè)】Directions:pletethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.unreasonableB.practicallyC.frequentlyD.conductedE.maintainF.evaluateG.activateH.increasedI.connectionJ.outstandingK.descriptionDevelopinganoriginalandcreativeidearequiresthattwopletelydifferentnetworksinthebrainworkatthesametime:theassociativenetworkalongsidethemore“conservative(保守的)”network,accordingtonewresearch1attheUniversityofHaifa.Theresearchers2that“'creativethinkingapparentlyrequires*checksandbalances’."Accordingtotheresearchers,creativityisourabilitytothinkinnewwaystosolveproblems.Butnoteveryoriginalsolutionisconsideredacreativeone.Iftheideaisnotfullyapplicable,itisnotconsideredcreative,butsimplyonewhichis3.Theresearchersassumedthatforacreativeideatobeproduced,thebrainmust4anumberofdifferentandperhapsevencontradictory(矛盾的)networks.Inthefirstpartoftheresearch,respondentsweregivenhalfaminutetoeupwithanew,originalandunexpectedideafortheuseofdifferentobjects.Answersprovidedwithlowfrequencyreceivedahighscorefororiginality,whilethosegiven5receivedalowscore.Inthesecondpart,respondentswereaskedtogive,withinhalfaminute,theirbestcharacteristic6oftheobjects.Duringthetests,allsubjectswerescannedusinganFMRIdevicetoexaminetheirbrainactivitywhileprovidingtheanswer.Theresearchersfound7brainactivityinan“associative"regionamongparticipantswhoseoriginalitywashigh.Thisregion,whichincludesthemedialbrainareas,mainlyworksinthebackgroundwhenapersonisnotconcentrating,similartodaydreaming.Buttheresearchersfoundthatthisregiondidnotoperatealonewhenanoriginalanswerwasgiven.Fortheanswertobeoriginal,anadditionalregionworkedincooperationwiththeassociativeregiontheadministrativecontrolregion,amore“"conservative"regionrelatedtosocialnormsandrules.Theresearchersalsofoundthatthestrongerthe8,thebettertheseregionsworktogetherinparallel,thegreatertheleveloforiginalityoftheanswer.“Ontheonehand,thereissurelyaneedforaregionthatproducesinnovativeideas,butontheotherhand,thereisalsotheneedforonethatwillknowto9howapplicableandreasonabletheseideasare.Theabilityofthebraintooperatethesetworegionsinparalleliswhatresultsincreativity.Itispossiblethatthemost20creationsofhumanitywereproducedbypeoplewhohadanespeciallystrongconnectionbetweenthetworegions,theresearchersconcluded.【答案】1.D2.E3.A4.G5.C6.K7.H8.I9.F10.JDirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Likemanystudents,Ryanbelievesthatthetimeandmoneyspentonhiseducationwillpayoff:hewilleventuallybeabletogetagoodjobanddowellinthefieldhehaschosen.Yet,1alloftheyearsspentinschoolpreparingtoentertheworkplace,manyrecentgraduatessaythattheystrugglewiththe2fromclassroomtocareerworldandhavedifficulty3lifeonthejob.WriterandeditorJosephLewissuggestsonereasonwhythisisthecase.Lewisbelievesthatmostofourschoolexperiencesfromchildhoodthroughuniversityarefairly4,whilelifeintheworkingworldisfarmoreuncertain.Inschool,5,thepatterstaysmoreorlessthesamefromyeartoyear.Intheworkplace,however,constant6isthenorm.andonehastoadaptquickly.Anotherproblemthatgraduatesenteringtheworkforceencounteristhattheyare7tothinkanalyticallyInschool,manystudentsincludingthoseincollege,spendalotoftimememorizingfactsandrepeatingwhatthey“l(fā)earned"ontests.Butintheworkplaceemployees“'areoftenexpectedtothinkcriticallyandmake8abouttheirwork,notjustfollowasupervisor'sinstructions.”Lesstimeneedstobespentinschoolontesting,saysonerecentreport,andmoreonhelpingstudentstoanalyzeandinterpretinformation,solveproblems,andmunicatetheirideaseffectivelyskillsthatwillpreparethemtosucceedintoday'sworkplace.Finally,manyrecentgraduatessaythatoneofthebiggestdifficultiestheyfaceisadaptingto9onthejob.Intheworkplace,employeesmustregularly10withothersandareoftendependentontheircoworkersfortheirsuccess.Inotherwords,ifanemployeehastoworkwithotherstopleteagivenproject,thatemployee's11notonlydependsonhishardworkandexpertise,butalsoonhowwellhiscolleaguesperform.Knowinghowtoparticipateeffectivelyinteamworkanddealwithproblemswhentheyariseis