2025年托?？荚囬喿x真題模擬模擬試卷：生物技術(shù)倫理挑戰(zhàn)考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、選擇題要求：仔細(xì)閱讀每篇passage，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。本部分共30題，每題2分，共60分。1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheprimaryconcernraisedbycriticsofgeneticengineeringinagriculture?A.Thepotentialforincreasedcoststofarmersduetothehighpriceofgeneticallymodifiedseeds.B.Thepossibilityofunintendedecologicalconsequencesresultingfromtheintroductionofgeneticallymodifiedorganismsintotheenvironment.C.Theethicalimplicationsofalteringthenaturalgeneticmakeupofplantsandanimals.D.Thelackofsufficientlong-termstudiestodeterminethesafetyofgeneticallymodifiedfoods.2.Thepassagementionsthat"GoldenRice"hasbeengeneticallymodifiedtoproducebeta-carotene.Whatisthemainpurposeofthismodification?A.Toincreasetheyieldofricecrops.B.Tomakethericemoreresistanttopestsanddiseases.C.ToprovideamorenutritioussourceofvitaminAforpopulationssufferingfromdeficiencies.D.Toenhancetheflavorandtextureoftherice.3.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemainargumentsinfavorofgeneticengineeringinagriculture?A.Itcanhelpreducetheuseofpesticidesandherbicides.B.Itcanleadtothedevelopmentofnewandmorediversecropvarieties.C.Itcansignificantlyincreasecropyields,ensuringfoodsecurityforagrowingglobalpopulation.D.Itcanhelppreservebiodiversitybypromotingthegrowthofnativespecies.4.ThepassagediscussestheuseofCRISPR-Cas9technologyingeneticengineering.Whatisthesignificanceofthistechnology?A.ItallowsforthepreciseeditingofDNAsequences,makinggeneticmodificationsmoretargetedandefficient.B.Itenablesscientiststointroduceentirelynewgenesfromunrelatedspeciesintoanorganism.C.Itprovidesawaytocompletelyremoveunwantedgenesfromanorganism'sgenome.D.Ithelpsintherapidmultiplicationofgeneticallymodifiedorganismsforcommercialpurposes.5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneoftheethicalconcernsraisedbycriticsofgeneticengineeringinhumans?A.Thepotentialforincreasedhealthcarecostsduetothehighexpenseofgenetictreatments.B.Thepossibilityofcreating"designerbabies"withenhancedtraits,leadingtosocialinequality.C.Theriskofunintendedgeneticmutationsthatcouldhaveharmfuleffectsonfuturegenerations.D.Thelackofregulationandoversightinthefieldofhumangeneticengineering.6.Thepassagementionsthatsomescientistsarguethatgeneticengineeringcouldhelpsolveglobalissuessuchashungeranddisease.Whatisthemainargumentforthisperspective?A.Geneticengineeringcanleadtothedevelopmentofnewmedicaltreatmentsthatcancurepreviouslyincurablediseases.B.Itcanhelpcreatemoreresilientcropsthatcanthriveinharshenvironmentalconditions,ensuringfoodsecurity.C.Itcanreducetheneedforextensivelandandwaterresources,makingagriculturemoresustainable.D.Itcanleadtothecreationofnewindustriesandjobopportunitiesinthebiotechnologysector.7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemainchallengesinimplementinggeneticengineeringinagriculture?A.Thehighcostofgeneticmodificationtechnologiesandtheresultingincreaseinfoodprices.B.Thepotentialforgeneticallymodifiedcropstocross-pollinatewithwildspecies,leadingtoecologicaldisruption.C.Thelackofpublicacceptanceandconsumerdemandforgeneticallymodifiedfoods.D.Thedifficultyinobtainingthenecessaryregulatoryapprovalsforgeneticengineeringprojects.8.Thepassagediscussestheuseofgeneticengineeringinthetreatmentofgeneticdisorders.Whatisthemainbenefitofthisapproach?A.Itcanprovideacureforawiderangeofgeneticdisordersbycorrectingtheunderlyinggeneticdefects.B.Itcanhelpintheearlydetectionandpreventionofgeneticdisordersthroughgeneticscreening.C.Itcanreducethesymptomsofgeneticdisorders,improvingthequalityoflifeforaffectedindividuals.D.Itcanleadtothedevelopmentofnewpharmaceuticalsandmedicaldevicestotreatgeneticdisorders.9.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemainargumentsagainstgeneticengineeringinhumans?A.Thepotentialforgeneticmodificationstobeinheritedbyfuturegenerations,leadingtounintendedconsequences.B.Theriskofcreatinggeneticinequalitiesanddiscriminationbasedoninheritedtraits.C.TheethicalconcernssurroundingthemanipulationofhumanDNAfornon-therapeuticpurposes.D.Thelackoflong-termstudiestodeterminethesafetyandefficacyofgeneticengineeringinhumans.10.Thepassagementionsthatgeneticengineeringhasthepotentialtorevolutionizemedicine.Whatisoneofthewaysthiscouldbeachieved?A.Byenablingthedevelopmentofpersonalizedmedicinetailoredtoanindividual'sgeneticmakeup.B.Byallowingscientiststocreatenewandmoreeffectivedrugsusinggeneticallymodifiedorganisms.C.Byprovidingameanstoregeneratedamagedtissuesandorgansthroughgeneticmanipulation.D.Byenablingthemassproductionoflife-savingmedicaltreatmentsatalowercost.11.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemainbenefitsofgeneticengineeringinmedicine?A.Itcanleadtothedevelopmentofnewdiagnostictoolsforearlydetectionofdiseases.B.Itcanprovidemoreeffectivetreatmentsforawiderangeofmedicalconditions.*C.Itcanhelpinthepreservationofendangeredspeciesthroughgeneticmodification.D.Itcanreducetheneedfortraditionalmedicalinterventionsbypreventingdiseasesbeforetheyoccur.12.Thepassagediscussestheuseofgeneticengineeringinconservationbiology.Whatisthemaingoalofthisapproach?A.Toincreasethepopulationsizesofendangeredspeciesthroughgeneticmanipulation.B.Tointroducegeneticmodificationsthatcanhelpspeciesadapttochangingenvironmentalconditions.C.Topreservethegeneticdiversityofendangeredspeciesbycreatinggeneticreservoirs.D.Toenhancethereproductivecapabilitiesofendangeredspeciesthroughgeneticengineering.13.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemainchallengesinusinggeneticengineeringforconservationpurposes?A.Thehighcostandtechnicalcomplexityofgeneticengineeringtechniques.B.Thepotentialforgeneticmodificationstohaveunintendedecologicalconsequences.C.Thelackofpublicsupportandacceptanceofgeneticengineeringinconservation.D.Thedifficultyinobtainingthenecessaryregulatoryapprovalsforgeneticengineeringprojectsinconservation.14.Thepassagementionsthatsomescientistsarguethatgeneticengineeringcouldhelpsolveenvironmentalproblemssuchaspollutionandclimatechange.Whatisthemainargumentforthisperspective?A.Geneticengineeringcanbeusedtocreateorganismsthatcanbreakdownpollutantsandcleanupcontaminatedenvironments.B.Itcanhelpinthedevelopmentofnewtechnologiesthatcanreducegreenhousegasemissions.C.Itcanleadtothecreationofnewenergysourcesthataremoresustainableandenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Itcanhelpintherestorationofdamagedecosystemsthroughgeneticmanipulation.15.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemainethicalconcernsraisedbycriticsofgeneticengineeringintheenvironment?A.Thepotentialforgeneticallymodifiedorganismstooutcompetenativespeciesanddisruptecosystems.B.Theriskofgeneticmodificationsbeingpassedontowildpopulations,leadingtounintendedconsequences.C.Thelackoflong-termstudiestodeterminetheenvironmentalsafetyofgeneticallymodifiedorganisms.D.Thehighcostofgeneticengineeringtechnologiesandtheresultingincreaseinenvironmentalmonitoringcosts.16.Thepassagediscussestheuseofgeneticengineeringintheproductionofbiofuels.Whatisthemainadvantageofthisapproach?A.Itcanhelpinthedevelopmentofmoreefficientandsustainablebiofuelproductionmethods.B.Itcanleadtothecreationofnewbiofuelsthataremoreenvironmentallyfriendlythantraditionalfossilfuels.C.Itcanreducetherelianceonimportedfossilfuels,enhancingenergysecurity.D.Itcancreatenewjobopportunitiesinthebiofuelindustry,boostingtheeconomy.17.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemainchallengesinusinggeneticengineeringforbiofuelproduction?A.Thehighcostofgeneticmodificationtechnologiesandtheresultingincreaseinbiofuelprices.B.Thepotentialforgeneticallymodifiedorganismstohaveunintendedenvironmentalconsequences.C.Thelackofpublicacceptanceandconsumerdemandforbiofuelsproducedfromgeneticallymodifiedorganisms.D.Thedifficultyinobtainingthenecessaryregulatoryapprovalsforgeneticengineeringprojectsinbiofuelproduction.18.Thepassagementionsthatsomescientistsarguethatgeneticengineeringcouldhelpaddressissuesrelatedtowaterscarcity.Whatisthemainargumentforthisperspective?A.Geneticengineeringcanbeusedtocreatedrought-resistantcropsthatcanthriveinaridenvironments.B.Itcanhelpinthedevelopmentofnewtechnologiesfordesalinatingseawaterandmakingitsuitablefordrinking.C.Itcanleadtothecreationofnewmethodsforrecyclingandreusingwatermoreefficiently.D.Itcanhelpinthepreservationofwaterresourcesthroughgeneticmanipulationofaquaticorganisms.19.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemainethicalconcernsraisedbycriticsofgeneticengineeringinwatermanagement?A.Thepotentialforgeneticallymodifiedorganismstocontaminatewatersourcesandharmaquaticecosystems.B.Theriskofgeneticmodificationsbeingpassedontowildpopulations,leadingtounintendedconsequences.C.Thelackoflong-termstudiestodeterminetheenvironmentalsafetyofgeneticallymodifiedorganismsinwatermanagement.D.Thehighcostofgeneticengineeringtechnologiesandtheresultingincreaseinwatermanagementcosts.20.Thepassagediscussestheuseofgeneticengineeringinthedevelopmentofnewmedicaldevices.Whatisthemainbenefitofthisapproach?A.Itcanleadtothecreationofmoresophisticatedandeffectivemedicaldevicesthatcandiagnoseandtreatdiseasesmoreaccurately.B.Itcanhelpinthedevelopmentofnewimplantabledevicesthatcanmonitorandtreatmedicalconditionsinreal-time.C.Itcanreducethesizeandweightofmedicaldevices,makingthemmoreportableandeasiertouse.D.Itcanenablethecreationofnewmedicaldevicesthatcanbecustomizedtoindividualpatientneeds.21.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemainchallengesinusinggeneticengineeringformedicaldevicedevelopment?A.Thehighcostandtechnicalcomplexityofgeneticengineeringtechniques.B.Thepotentialforgeneticmodificationstohaveunintendedconsequencesonpatientsafety.C.Thelackofpublicsupportandacceptanceofgeneticengineeringinmedicaldevicedevelopment.D.Thedifficultyinobtainingthenecessaryregulatoryapprovalsforgeneticengineeringprojectsinmedicaldevicedevelopment.22.Thepassagementionsthatsomescientistsarguethatgeneticengineeringcouldhelpsolveethicalissuesrelatedtoanimalwelfare.Whatisthemainargumentforthisperspective?A.Geneticengineeringcanbeusedtocreateanimalsthatarelesssusceptibletodiseasesandsufferlessinfactoryfarmingconditions.B.Itcanhelpinthedevelopmentofnewmethodsforimprovingthelivingconditionsoffarmanimals.C.Itcanleadtothecreationofnewbreedsofanimalsthataremoresuitableforhumanconsumption.D.Itcanhelpinthepreservationofendangeredanimalspeciesthroughgeneticmanipulation.23.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemainethicalconcernsraisedbycriticsofgeneticengineeringinanimalwelfare?A.Thepotentialforgeneticmodificationstohaveunintendedconsequencesonanimalhealthandwell-being.B.Theriskofcreatinganimalsthataremoresusceptibletodiseasesduetogeneticmodifications.C.Thelackoflong-termstudiestodeterminethesafetyandefficacyofgeneticengineeringinanimals.D.Thehighcostofgeneticengineeringtechnologiesandtheresultingincreaseinanimalwelfarecosts.24.Thepassagediscussestheuseofgeneticengineeringinthedevelopmentofnewpharmaceuticals.Whatisthemainadvantageofthisapproach?A.Itcanleadtotheproductionofmoreeffectiveandsaferdrugsusinggeneticallymodifiedorganisms.B.Itcanhelpinthedevelopmentofnewdrugsthataretailoredtoindividualpatientneeds.C.Itcanreducethecostofdrugproduction,makingmedicationsmoreaffordableforpatients.D.Itcanenablethecreationofnewdrugdeliverysystemsthataremoreefficientandtargeted.25.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemainchallengesinusinggeneticengineeringforpharmaceuticaldevelopment?A.Thehighcostandtechnicalcomplexityofgeneticengineeringtechniques.B.Thepotentialforgeneticmodificationstohaveunintendedconsequencesondrugsafetyandefficacy.C.Thelackofpublicsupportandacceptanceofgeneticengineeringinpharmaceuticaldevelopment.D.Thedifficultyinobtainingthenecessaryregulatoryapprovalsforgeneticengineeringprojectsinpharmaceuticaldevelopment.26.Thepassagementionsthatsomescientistsarguethatgeneticengineeringcouldhelpaddressissuesrelatedtoaging.Whatisthemainargumentforthisperspective?A.Geneticengineeringcanbeusedtoextendhumanlifespanbydelayingtheagingprocess.B.Itcanhelpinthedevelopmentofnewtreatmentsthatcanpreventorcureage-relateddiseases.C.Itcanleadtothecreationofnewmethodsforimprovingthequalityoflifeforelderlyindividuals.D.Itcanenablethedevelopmentofnewtechnologiesthatcanhelpelderlyindividualsmaintaintheirindependence.27.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemainethicalconcernsraisedbycriticsofgeneticengineeringinthecontextofaging?A.Thepotentialforgeneticmodificationstohaveunintendedconsequencesonhumanhealthandwell-being.B.Theriskofcreatingage-relateddiseasesduetogeneticmodifications.C.Thelackoflong-termstudiestodeterminethesafetyandefficacyofgeneticengineeringinaging.D.Thehighcostofgeneticengineeringtechnologiesandtheresultingincreaseinhealthcarecostsfortheelderly.28.Thepassagediscussestheuseofgeneticengineeringinthedevelopmentofnewagriculturalpractices.Whatisthemainbenefitofthisapproach?A.Itcanleadtothecreationofmoresustainableandenvironmentallyfriendlyagriculturalpractices.B.Itcanhelpinthedevelopmentofnewcropsthataremoreresistanttopestsanddiseases.C.Itcanreducetheneedforchemicalpesticidesandherbicides,promotingahealthierenvironment.D.Itcanenablethedevelopmentofnewmethodsforimprovingsoilfertilityandcropyields.29.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemainchallengesinusinggeneticengineeringforagriculturalpractices?A.Thehighcostandtechnicalcomplexityofgeneticengineeringtechniques.B.Thepotentialforgeneticallymodifiedcropstohaveunintendedenvironmentalconsequences.C.Thelackofpublicsupportandacceptanceofgeneticengineeringinagriculturalpractices.D.Thedifficultyinobtainingthenecessaryregulatoryapprovalsforgeneticengineeringprojectsinagriculturalpractices.30.Thepassagementionsthatsomescientistsarguethatgeneticengineeringcouldhelpaddressissuesrelatedtofoodsecurity.Whatisthemainargumentforthisperspective?A.Geneticengineeringcanbeusedtocreatemorenutritiousandsustainablefoodsources.B.Itcanhelpinthedevelopmentofnewmethodsforincreasingcropyieldsandensuringfoodsecurityforagrowingglobalpopulation.C.Itcanleadtothecreationofnewfoodsourcesthataremoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandsustainable.D.Itcanenablethedevelopmentofnewtechnologiesthatcanhelpreducefoodwasteandimprovefooddistribution.二、填空題要求：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，填寫(xiě)空格，使句子完整。本部分共10題，每題2分，共20分。31.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthemainconcernsraisedbycriticsofgeneticengineeringinagricultureisthe________ofgeneticallymodifiedcropswithwildspecies,leadingtopotentialecologicaldisruption.32.Thepassagementionsthat"GoldenRice"hasbeengeneticallymodifiedtoproduce________inordertoprovideamorenutritioussourceofvitaminAforpopulationssufferingfromdeficiencies.33.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthemainargumentsinfavorofgeneticengineeringinagricultureisitspotentialto________cropyields,ensuringfoodsecurityforagrowingglobalpopulation.34.ThepassagediscussestheuseofCRISPR-Cas9technologyingeneticengineering,whichallowsforthe________editingofDNAsequences,makinggeneticmodificationsmoretargetedandefficient.35.Accordingtothepassage,oneoftheethicalconcernsraisedbycriticsofgeneticengineeringinhumansisthepossibilityofcreating"________"withenhancedtraits,leadingtosocialinequality.36.Thepassagementionsthatsomescientistsarguethatgeneticengineeringcouldhelpsolveglobalissuessuchashungeranddiseasebydevelopingnewtreatmentsthatcan________previouslyincurablediseases.37.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthemainchallengesinimplementinggeneticengineeringinagricultureisthepotentialfor________cropstocross-pollinatewithwildspecies,leadingtoecologicaldisruption.38.Thepassagediscussestheuseofgeneticengineeringinthetreatmentofgeneticdisorders,whichcan________theunderlyinggeneticdefectsandprovideacureforawiderangeofdisorders.39.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthemainargumentsagainstgeneticengineeringinhumansisthepotentialforgeneticmodificationstobe________byfuturegenerations,leadingtounintendedconsequences.40.Thepassagementionsthatgeneticengineeringhasthepotentialtorevolutionizemedicinebyenablingthedevelopmentof________tailoredtoanindividual'sgeneticmakeup.三、判斷題要求：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，判斷下列陳述是否正確，正確的填“T”，錯(cuò)誤的填“F”。本部分共10題，每題2分，共20分。41.Accordingtothepassage,theprimaryconcernraisedbycriticsofgeneticengineeringinagricultureisthepotentialforincreasedcoststofarmersduetothehighpriceofgeneticallymodifiedseeds.F42.ThepassagementionsthatGoldenRicehasbeengeneticallymodifiedtoproducebeta-caroteneinordertomakethericemoreresistanttopestsanddiseases.F43.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthemainargumentsinfavorofgeneticengineeringinagricultureisitspotentialtosignificantlyincreasecropyields,ensuringfoodsecurityforagrowingglobalpopulation.T44.ThepassagediscussestheuseofCRISPR-Cas9technologyingeneticengineering,whichallowsforthepreciseeditingofDNAsequences,makinggeneticmodificationsmoretargetedandefficient.T45.Accordingtothepassage,oneoftheethicalconcernsraisedbycriticsofgeneticengineeringinhumansisthepossibilityofcreating"designerbabies"withenhancedtraits,leadingtosocialinequality.T46.Thepassagementionsthatsomescientistsarguethatgeneticengineeringcouldhelpsolveglobalissuessuchashungeranddiseasebyenablingthedevelopmentofnewmedicaltreatmentsthatcancurepreviouslyincurablediseases.T47.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthemainchallengesinimplementinggeneticengineeringinagricultureisthelackofsufficientlong-termstudiestodeterminethesafetyofgeneticallymodifiedfoods.F48.Thepassagediscussestheuseofgeneticengineeringinthetreatmentofgeneticdisorders,whichcanprovideacureforawiderangeofdisordersbycorrectingtheunderlyinggeneticdefects.T49.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthemainargumentsagainstgeneticengineeringinhumansistheriskofunintendedgeneticmutationsthatcouldhaveharmfuleffectsonfuturegenerations.F50.Thepassagementionsthatgeneticengineeringhasthepotentialtorevolutionizemedicinebyenablingthedevelopmentofpersonalizedmedicinetailoredtoanindividual'sgeneticmakeup.T四、簡(jiǎn)答題要求：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，簡(jiǎn)要回答下列問(wèn)題。本部分共5題，每題4分，共20分。51.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethemainargumentsinfavorofgeneticengineeringinagriculture?Accordingtothepassage,themainargumentsinfavorofgeneticengineeringinagricultureincludeitspotentialtoincreasecropyields,ensuringfoodsecurityforagrowingglobalpopulation,anditspotentialtoreducetheuseofpesticidesandherbicides.52.Thepassagediscussestheuseofgeneticengineeringinconservationbiology.Whatarethemaingoalsandchallengesofthisapproach?Themaingoalofusinggeneticengineeringinconservationbiologyistopreservethegeneticdiversityofendangeredspeciesbycreatinggeneticreservoirs.Themainchallengesincludethehighcostandtechnicalcomplexityofgeneticengineeringtechniques,thepotentialforgeneticmodificationstohaveunintendedecologicalconsequences,andthelackofpublicsupportandacceptanceofgeneticengineeringinconservation.53.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeoftheethicalconcernsraisedbycriticsofgeneticengineeringinhumans?Accordingtothepassage,someoftheethicalconcernsraisedbycriticsofgeneticengineeringinhumansincludethepossibilityofcreating"designerbabies"withenhancedtraits,leadingtosocialinequality,andthepotentialforgeneticmodificationstobeinheritedbyfuturegenerations,leadingtounintendedconsequences.54.Thepassagementionsthatgeneticengineeringhasthepotentialtorevolutionizemedicine.Whataresomeofthewaysthiscouldbeachieved?Geneticengineeringcouldrevolutionizemedicinebyenablingthedevelopmentofpersonalizedmedicinetailoredtoanindividual'sgeneticmakeup,byallowingscientiststocreatenewandmoreeffectivedrugsusinggeneticallymodifiedorganisms,andbyprovidingameanstoregeneratedamagedtissuesandorgansthroughgeneticmanipulation.55.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthemainchallengesinusinggeneticengineeringforbiofuelproduction?Accordingtothepassage,someofthemainchallengesinusinggeneticengineeringforbiofuelproductionincludethehighcostandtechnicalcomplexityofgeneticengineeringtechniques,thepotentialforgeneticallymodifiedorganismstohaveunintendedenvironmentalconsequences,andthelackofpublicsupportandacceptanceofgeneticengineeringinbiofuelproduction.本次試卷答案如下一、選擇題答案及解析1.答案：B解析：文章提到，批評(píng)者主要擔(dān)心轉(zhuǎn)基因作物引入環(huán)境后可能產(chǎn)生的生態(tài)后果，例如與野生物種雜交導(dǎo)致生態(tài)失衡。選項(xiàng)B準(zhǔn)確反映了這一觀點(diǎn)。2.答案：C解析：文章明確指出，“黃金大米”被轉(zhuǎn)基因改造以產(chǎn)生β-胡蘿卜素，目的是為缺乏維生素A的人群提供更營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食物。選項(xiàng)C描述了這一改造的主要目的。3.答案：C解析：文章提到，支持轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)業(yè)的主要論點(diǎn)之一是其提高作物產(chǎn)量的潛力，從而確保全球不斷增長(zhǎng)的人口的食物安全。選項(xiàng)C準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了這一觀點(diǎn)。4.答案：A解析：文章討論了CRISPR-Cas9技術(shù)在基因工程中的應(yīng)用，強(qiáng)調(diào)其能夠精確編輯DNA序列，使基因改造更具針對(duì)性，效率更高。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確描述了這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的意義。5.答案：B解析：文章提到，批評(píng)者對(duì)人類基因工程的主要倫理?yè)?dān)憂之一是可能創(chuàng)造出具有增強(qiáng)特征的“設(shè)計(jì)嬰兒”，導(dǎo)致社會(huì)不平等。選項(xiàng)B準(zhǔn)確地反映了這一觀點(diǎn)。6.答案：A解析：文章提到，一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為基因工程可以幫助解決全球性問(wèn)題，如饑餓和疾病，通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)能夠治愈以前無(wú)法治愈的疾病的新療法。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了這一觀點(diǎn)。7.答案：B解析：文章指出，實(shí)施農(nóng)業(yè)基因工程的主要挑戰(zhàn)之一是轉(zhuǎn)基因作物可能與野生物種雜交，導(dǎo)致生態(tài)破壞。選項(xiàng)B準(zhǔn)確地反映了這一觀點(diǎn)。8.答案：A解析：文章討論了基因工程在治療遺傳疾病中的應(yīng)用，強(qiáng)調(diào)其能夠糾正根本性的基因缺陷，為多種遺傳疾病提供治愈方法。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確地描述了這一益處。9.答案：A解析：文章提到，反對(duì)人類基因工程的主要論點(diǎn)之一是基因改造可能被后代繼承，導(dǎo)致不可預(yù)見(jiàn)的后果。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了這一觀點(diǎn)。10.答案：A解析：文章提到，基因工程有可能通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)根據(jù)個(gè)人基因構(gòu)成量身定制的新型個(gè)性化醫(yī)療來(lái)徹底改變醫(yī)學(xué)。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確地描述了這一點(diǎn)。11.答案：B解析：文章指出，基因工程在醫(yī)學(xué)方面的主要好處之一是它可以提供更有效的治療方法，用于治療廣泛的醫(yī)療狀況。選項(xiàng)B準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了這一觀點(diǎn)。12.答案：C解析：文章討論了基因工程在保護(hù)生物學(xué)中的應(yīng)用，主要目標(biāo)是保存瀕危物種的遺傳多樣性，通過(guò)建立遺傳庫(kù)。選項(xiàng)C準(zhǔn)確地描述了這一目標(biāo)。13.答案：B解析：文章指出，在保護(hù)工作中使用基因工程的主要挑戰(zhàn)之一是基因改造可能產(chǎn)生的不可預(yù)見(jiàn)的生態(tài)后果。選項(xiàng)B準(zhǔn)確地反映了這一觀點(diǎn)。14.答案：A解析：文章提到，一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為基因工程可以幫助解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題，如污染和氣候變化，通過(guò)創(chuàng)造能夠分解污染物并凈化受污染環(huán)境的生物體。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了這一觀點(diǎn)。15.答案：A解析：文章提到，批評(píng)者對(duì)環(huán)境基因工程的主要倫理?yè)?dān)憂之一是轉(zhuǎn)基因生物可能取代本土物種并破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確地反映了這一觀點(diǎn)。16.答案：A解析：文章討論了基因工程在生物燃料生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用，主要優(yōu)勢(shì)在于其有可能開(kāi)發(fā)更可持續(xù)和環(huán)保的生物燃料生產(chǎn)方法。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了這一觀點(diǎn)。17.答案：C解析：文章指出，使用基因工程進(jìn)行生物燃料生產(chǎn)的主要挑戰(zhàn)之一是缺乏公眾支持和消費(fèi)者對(duì)由轉(zhuǎn)基因生物生產(chǎn)的生物燃料的需求。選項(xiàng)C準(zhǔn)確地反映了這一觀點(diǎn)。18.答案：A解析：文章提到，一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為基因工程可以幫助解決與水資源短缺相關(guān)的問(wèn)題，通過(guò)創(chuàng)造耐旱作物，這些作物可以在干旱環(huán)境中生長(zhǎng)。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了這一觀點(diǎn)。19.答案：A解析：文章提到，批評(píng)者對(duì)水資源管理中基因工程的主要倫理?yè)?dān)憂之一是轉(zhuǎn)基因生物可能污染水源并損害水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確地反映了這一觀點(diǎn)。20.答案：A解析：文章討論了基因工程在開(kāi)發(fā)新型醫(yī)療設(shè)備中的應(yīng)用，主要好處在于它有可能開(kāi)發(fā)出更復(fù)雜、更有效的醫(yī)療設(shè)備，這些設(shè)備可以更準(zhǔn)確地診斷和治療疾病。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了這一觀點(diǎn)。21.答案：A解析：文章指出，使用基因工程進(jìn)行醫(yī)療設(shè)備開(kāi)發(fā)的主要挑戰(zhàn)之一是基因工程技術(shù)的高成本和技術(shù)復(fù)雜性。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確地反映了這一觀點(diǎn)。22.答案：A解析：文章提到，一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為基因工程可以幫助解決與動(dòng)物福利相關(guān)的道德問(wèn)題，通過(guò)創(chuàng)造對(duì)疾病不那么敏感的動(dòng)物，這些動(dòng)物在工廠化養(yǎng)殖條件下受苦較少。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了這一觀點(diǎn)。23.答案：A解析：文章提到，批評(píng)者對(duì)動(dòng)物福利中基因工程的主要倫理?yè)?dān)憂之一是基因改造可能對(duì)動(dòng)物健康和福祉產(chǎn)生不可預(yù)見(jiàn)的后果。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確地反映了這一觀點(diǎn)。24.答案：A解析：文章討論了基因工程在開(kāi)發(fā)新型藥物中的應(yīng)用，主要優(yōu)勢(shì)在于它有可能開(kāi)發(fā)出更有效、更安全的藥物，這些藥物使用轉(zhuǎn)基因生物生產(chǎn)。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了這一觀點(diǎn)。25.答案：A解析：文章指出，使用基因工程進(jìn)行藥物開(kāi)發(fā)的主要挑戰(zhàn)之一是基因工程技術(shù)的高成本和技術(shù)復(fù)雜性。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確地反映了這一觀點(diǎn)。26.答案：A解析：文章提到，一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為基因工程可以幫助解決與衰老相關(guān)的問(wèn)題，通過(guò)創(chuàng)造能夠延長(zhǎng)人類壽命的基因改造。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了這一觀點(diǎn)。27.答案：A解析：文章提到，批評(píng)者對(duì)與衰老相關(guān)的基因工程的主要倫理?yè)?dān)憂之一是基因改造可能對(duì)人類健康和福祉產(chǎn)生不可預(yù)見(jiàn)的后果。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確地反映了這一觀點(diǎn)。28.答案：A解析：文章討論了基因工程在開(kāi)發(fā)新型農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐中的應(yīng)用，主要好處在于它有可能開(kāi)發(fā)出更可持續(xù)、更環(huán)保的農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了這一觀點(diǎn)。29.答案：C解析：文章指出，實(shí)施農(nóng)業(yè)基因工程的主要挑戰(zhàn)之一是缺乏公眾支持和接受轉(zhuǎn)基因作物。選項(xiàng)C準(zhǔn)確地反映了這一觀點(diǎn)。30.答案：B解析：文章提到，一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為基因工程可以幫助解決糧食安全問(wèn)題，通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)新的方法來(lái)增加作物產(chǎn)量，確保不斷增長(zhǎng)的世界人口的食物安全。選項(xiàng)B準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了這一觀點(diǎn)。二、填空題答案及解析31.答案：hybridization解析：文章提到，批評(píng)者對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)基因工程的主要擔(dān)憂之一是轉(zhuǎn)基因作物可能與野生物種雜交，導(dǎo)致潛在的生態(tài)破壞。hybridization（雜交）是填空的正確詞。32.答案：beta-carotene解析：文章明確指出，“黃金大米”被轉(zhuǎn)基因改造以產(chǎn)生β-胡蘿卜素，目的是為缺乏維生素A的人群提供更營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食物。beta-carotene（β-胡蘿卜素）是填空的正確詞。33.答案：increase解析：文章提到，支持轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)業(yè)的主要論點(diǎn)之一是其提高作物產(chǎn)量的潛力，從而確保全球不斷增長(zhǎng)的人口的食物安全。increase（增加）是填空的正確詞。34.答案：precise解析：文章討論了CRISPR-Cas9技術(shù)在基因工程中的應(yīng)用，強(qiáng)調(diào)其能夠精確編輯DNA序列，使基因改造更具針對(duì)性，效率更高。precise（精確的）是填空的正確詞。35.答案：designerbabies解析：文章提到，批評(píng)者對(duì)人類基因工程的主要倫理?yè)?dān)憂之一是可能創(chuàng)造出具有增強(qiáng)特征的“設(shè)計(jì)嬰兒”，導(dǎo)致社會(huì)不平等?！癲esignerbabies”（設(shè)計(jì)嬰兒）是填空的正確詞。36.答案：cure解析：文章提到，一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為基因工程可以幫助解決全球性問(wèn)題，如饑餓和疾病，通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)能夠治愈以前無(wú)法治愈的疾病的新療法。cure（治愈）是填空的正確詞。37.答案：geneticallymodified解析：文章指出，實(shí)施農(nóng)業(yè)基因工程的主要挑戰(zhàn)之一是轉(zhuǎn)基因作物可能與野生物種雜交，導(dǎo)致生態(tài)破壞。geneticallymodified（轉(zhuǎn)基因的）是填空的正確詞。38.答案：correct解析：文章討論了基因工程在治療遺傳疾病中的應(yīng)用，強(qiáng)調(diào)其能夠糾正根本性的基因缺陷，為多種遺傳疾病提供治愈方法。correct（糾正）是填空的正確詞。39.答案：inherited解析：文章提到，反對(duì)人類基因工程的主要論點(diǎn)之一是基因改造可能被后代繼承，導(dǎo)致不可預(yù)見(jiàn)的后果。inherited（繼承的）是填空的正確詞。40.答案：personalizedmedicine解析：文章提到，基因工程有可能通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)根據(jù)個(gè)人基因構(gòu)成量身定制的新型個(gè)性化醫(yī)療來(lái)徹底改變醫(yī)學(xué)。personalizedmedicine（個(gè)性化醫(yī)療）是填空的正確詞。三、判斷題答案及解析41.答案：F解析：文章提到，批評(píng)者對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)基因工程的主要擔(dān)憂之一是轉(zhuǎn)基因作物可能與野生物種雜交，導(dǎo)致潛在的生態(tài)破壞，而不是農(nóng)民因轉(zhuǎn)基因種子價(jià)格高而承擔(dān)的成本增加。因此，陳述錯(cuò)誤。