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6bΠΓAPCKUUHCTUTYT3ACTAHAAPTU3AUU習(xí)

ICS:13.110Заменя:

БДСENISO13849-1:2007.

Безопасностнамашините.Частиотсистемитезауправление,свързанисбезопасността.Част1:Общипринципиза

проектиране/разработване(ISO13849-1:2006)

Safetyofmachinery-Safety-relatedpartsofcontrolsystems-Part1:Generalprinciples

fordesign(ISO13849-1:2006)

ЕвропейскиятстандартENISO13849-1:2008имастатутнабългарскистандартот2008-07-03.

ТозистандартеофициалнотоизданиенаБългарскияинститутзастандартизациянаанглийскиезикнаевропейскиястандартENISO13849-1:2008.

99стр.

?6UC20106bΠΓapCKⅥ9TⅥHCTⅥTYT3aCTaHAapTⅥ3auⅥ9eHOCⅥTeΠHaaBTOpCKⅥTeΠpaBa.BC9KOBb3ΠpOⅥ3Be冰AaHe,BKΠbyⅥTeΠHOⅥyaCTⅥyHO,eBb3MO冰HOCaMOCΠⅥCMeHOTOpa3pe山eHⅥeHa6ⅥC,1797COφⅥ9,

KB.Ⅵ3ΓpeB,YΠ.“Πbye3apCTaHyeB”膽13

Национален№запозоваване:БДСENISO13849-1:2008

EUROPEANSTANDARDNORMEEUROPéENNEEUROP?ISCHENORM

ENISO13849-1

June2008

ICS13.110SupersedesENISO13849-1:2006

EnglishVersion

Safetyofmachinery-Safety-relatedpartsofcontrolsystems-

Part1:Generalprinciplesfordesign(ISO13849-1:2006)

Sécuritédesmachines-Partiesdessystèmesde

commanderelativesàlasécurité-Partie1:Principes

générauxdeconception(ISO13849-1:2006)

SicherheitvonMaschinen-SicherheitsbezogeneTeilevon

Steuerungen-Teil1:AllgemeineGestaltungsleits?tze(ISO

13849-1:2006)

ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon18May2008.

CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEuropeanStandardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Up-to-datelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcerningsuchnationalstandardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCENManagementCentreortoanyCENmember.

ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).AversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytranslationundertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCENManagementCentrehasthesamestatusastheofficialversions.

CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,

France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom.

EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATIONCOMITéEUROPéENDENORMALISATIONEUROP?ISCHESKOMITEEFüRNORMUNG

ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B-1050Brussels

?2008CENAllrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreservedRef.No.ENISO13849-1:2008:E

worldwideforCENnationalMembers.

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ENISO13849-1:2008(E)

ContentsPage

Foreword 3

AnnexZA(informative)RelationshipbetweenthisEuropeanStandardandtheEssential

RequirementsofEUDirective98/37/EC,amendedbyDirective98/79/EC 4

AnnexZB(informative)RelationshipbetweenthisEuropeanStandardandtheEssential

RequirementsofEUDirective2006/42/EC 5

2

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ENISO13849-1:2008(E)

Foreword

ThetextofISO13849-1:2006hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC199“Safetyofmachinery”oftheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)andhasbeentakenoverasENISO13849-1:2008byTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC114“Safetyofmachinery”thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyDIN.

ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyDecember2008,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestbyDecember2009.

Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisdocumentmaybethesubjectofpatentrights.CEN[and/orCENELEC]shallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.

ThisdocumentsupersedesENISO13849-1:2006.

ThisdocumenthasbeenpreparedunderamandategiventoCENbytheEuropeanCommissionandtheEuropeanFreeTradeAssociation,andsupportsessentialrequirementsofECDirective(s).

ForrelationshipwithECDirective(s),seeinformativeAnnexesZAandZB,whichareintegralpartofthisdocument.

AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.

Endorsementnotice

ThetextofISO13849-1:2006hasbeenapprovedbyCENasaENISO13849-1:2008withoutanymodification.

3

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AnnexZA

(informative)

RelationshipbetweenthisEuropeanStandardandtheEssential

RequirementsofEUDirective98/37/EC,amendedbyDirective98/79/EC

ThisEuropeanStandardhasbeenpreparedunderamandategiventoCENbytheEuropeanCommissionandtheEuropeanFreeTradeAssociationtoprovideameansofconformingtoEssentialRequirementsoftheNewApproachDirective98/37/EC,amendedbyDirective98/79/EC.

OncethisstandardiscitedintheOfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunitiesunderthatDirectiveandhasbeenimplementedasanationalstandardinatleastoneMemberState,compliancewiththenormativeclausesofthisstandardconfers,withinthelimitsofthescopeofthisstandard,apresumptionofconformitywithEssentialRequirements1.2.1and1.2.7ofAnnexIofthatDirectiveandassociatedEFTAregulations.

WARNING:OtherrequirementsandotherEUDirectivesmaybeapplicabletotheproductsfallingwithinthescopeofthisstandard.

4

ENISO13849-1:2008(E)

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AnnexZB

(informative)

RelationshipbetweenthisEuropeanStandardandtheEssentialRequirementsofEUDirective2006/42/EC

ThisEuropeanStandardhasbeenpreparedunderamandategiventoCENbytheEuropeanCommissionandtheEuropeanFreeTradeAssociationtoprovideameansofconformingtoEssentialRequirementsoftheNewApproachDirectiveMachinery2006/42/EC.

OncethisstandardiscitedintheOfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunitiesunderthatDirectiveandhasbeenimplementedasanationalstandardinatleastoneMemberState,compliancewiththenormativeclausesofthisstandardconfers,withinthelimitsofthescopeofthisstandard,apresumptionofconformitywithEssentialRequirements1.2.1ofAnnexIofthatDirectiveandassociatedEFTAregulations.

WARNING—OtherrequirementsandotherEUDirectivesmaybeapplicabletotheproduct(s)fallingwithinthescopeofthisstandard.

5

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INTERNATIONALSTANDARD

ISO13849-1

Secondedition2006-11-01

Safetyofmachinery—Safety-relatedpartsofcontrolsystems—

Part1:

Generalprinciplesfordesign

Sécuritédesmachines—Partiesdessystèmesdecommanderelativesàlasécurité—

Partie1:Principesgénérauxdeconception

ReferencenumberISO13849-1:2006(E)

?ISO2006

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ISO13849-1:2006(E)

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ISO13849-1:2006(E)

ContentsPage

Foreword v

Introduction vi

1Scope 1

2Normativereferences 1

3Terms,definitions,symbolsandabbreviatedterms 2

3.1Termsanddefinitions 2

3.2Symbolsandabbreviatedterms 8

4Designconsiderations 9

4.1Safetyobjectivesindesign 9

4.2Strategyforriskreduction 11

4.2.1General 11

4.2.2Contributiontotheriskreductionbythecontrolsystem 11

4.3Determinationofrequiredperformancelevel(PLr) 14

4.4DesignofSRP/CS 14

4.5EvaluationoftheachievedperformancelevelPLandrelationshipwithSIL 15

4.5.1PerformancelevelPL 15

4.5.2Meantimetodangerousfailureofeachchannel(MTTFd) 17

4.5.3Diagnosticcoverage(DC) 18

4.5.4SimplifiedprocedureforestimatingPL 18

4.6Softwaresafetyrequirements 21

4.6.1General 21

4.6.2Safety-relatedembeddedsoftware(SRESW) 21

4.6.3Safety-relatedapplicationsoftware(SRASW) 22

4.6.4Software-basedparameterization 25

r

4.7VerificationthatachievedPLmeetsPL 26

4.8Ergonomicaspectsofdesign 26

5Safetyfunctions 26

5.1Specificationofsafetyfunctions 26

5.2Detailsofsafetyfunctions 28

5.2.1Safety-relatedstopfunction 28

5.2.2Manualresetfunction 29

5.2.3Start/restartfunction 29

5.2.4Localcontrolfunction 30

5.2.5Mutingfunction 30

5.2.6Responsetime 30

5.2.7Safety–relatedparameters 30

5.2.8Fluctuations,lossandrestorationofpowersources 31

6CategoriesandtheirrelationtoMTTFdofeachchannel,DCavgandCCF 31

6.1General 31

6.2Specificationsofcategories 32

6.2.1General 32

6.2.2Designatedarchitectures 32

6.2.3CategoryB 32

6.2.4Category1 33

6.2.5Category2 34

6.2.6Category3 35

6.2.7Category4 36

6.3CombinationofSRP/CStoachieveoverallPL 39

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7Faultconsideration,faultexclusion 40

7.1General 40

7.2Faultconsideration 40

7.3Faultexclusion 41

8Validation 41

9Maintenance 41

10Technicaldocumentation 41

11Informationforuse 42

AnnexA(informative)Determinationofrequiredperformancelevel(PLr) 44

AnnexB(informative)Blockmethodandsafety-relatedblockdiagram 47

AnnexC(informative)CalculatingorevaluatingMTTFdvaluesforsinglecomponents 49

AnnexD(informative)SimplifiedmethodforestimatingMTTFdforeachchannel 57

AnnexE(informative)Estimatesfordiagnosticcoverage(DC)forfunctionsandmodules 59

AnnexF(informative)Estimatesforcommoncausefailure(CCF) 62

AnnexG(informative)Systematicfailure 64

AnnexH(informative)Exampleofcombinationofseveralsafety-relatedpartsofthecontrol

system 67

AnnexI(informative)Examples 70

AnnexJ(informative)Software 77

AnnexK(informative)NumericalrepresentationofFigure5 80

Bibliography 83

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Foreword

ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISOmemberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcommittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,inliaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization.

InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part2.

ThemaintaskoftechnicalcommitteesistoprepareInternationalStandards.DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting.PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote.

Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisdocumentmaybethesubjectofpatentrights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.

ISO13849-1waspreparedbytheEuropeanCommitteeforStandardization(CEN)TechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC114,Safetyofmachinery,incollaborationwithTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC199,Safetyofmachinery,inaccordancewiththeAgreementontechnicalcooperationbetweenISOandCEN(ViennaAgreement).

Thissecondeditioncancelsandreplacesthefirstedition(ISOISO13849-1:1999),whichhasbeentechnicallyrevised.

ISO13849consistsofthefollowingparts,underthegeneraltitleSafetyofmachinery—Safety-relatedpartsofcontrolsystems:

-Part1:Generalprinciplesfordesign

-Part2:Validation

-Part100:GuidelinesfortheuseandapplicationofISO13849-1[TechnicalReport]

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Introduction

Thestructureofsafetystandardsinthefieldofmachineryisasfollows.

a)Type-Astandards(basisstandards)givebasicconcepts,principlesfordesignandgeneralaspectsthatcanbeappliedtomachinery.

b)Type-Bstandards(genericsafetystandards)dealwithoneormoresafetyaspect(s),oroneormoretype(s)ofsafeguardsthatcanbeusedacrossawiderangeofmachinery:

-type-B1standardsonparticularsafetyaspects(e.g.safetydistances,surfacetemperature,noise);

-type-B2standardsonsafeguards(e.g.two-handscontrols,interlockingdevices,pressuresensitivedevices,guards).

c)Type-Cstandards(machinerysafetystandards)dealwithdetailedsafetyrequirementsforaparticularmachineorgroupofmachines.

ThispartofISO13849isatype-B-1standardasstatedinISO12100-1.

Whenprovisionsofatype-Cstandardaredifferentfromthosewhicharestatedintype-Aortype-Bstandards,theprovisionsofthetype-Cstandardtakeprecedenceovertheprovisionsoftheotherstandardsformachinesthathavebeendesignedandbuiltaccordingtotheprovisionsofthetype-Cstandard.

ThispartofISO13849isintendedtogiveguidancetothoseinvolvedinthedesignandassessmentofcontrolsystems,andtoTechnicalCommitteespreparingType-B2orType-CstandardswhicharepresumedtocomplywiththeEssentialSafetyRequirementsofAnnexIoftheCouncilDirective98/37/EC,TheMachineryDirective.ItdoesnotgivespecificguidanceforcompliancewithotherECdirectives.

Aspartoftheoverallriskreductionstrategyatamachine,adesignerwilloftenchoosetoachievesomemeasureofriskreductionthroughtheapplicationofsafeguardsemployingoneormoresafetyfunctions.

Partsofmachinerycontrolsystemsthatareassignedtoprovidesafetyfunctionsarecalledsafety-relatedpartsofcontrolsystems(SRP/CS)andthesecanconsistofhardwareandsoftwareandcaneitherbeseparatefromthemachinecontrolsystemoranintegralpartofit.Inadditiontoprovidingsafetyfunctions,SRP/CScanalsoprovideoperationalfunctions(e.g.two-handedcontrolsasameansofprocessinitiation).

Theabilityofsafety-relatedpartsofcontrolsystemstoperformasafetyfunctionunderforeseeableconditionsisallocatedoneoffivelevels,calledperformancelevels(PL).Theseperformancelevelsaredefinedintermsofprobabilityofdangerousfailureperhour(seeTable3).

Theprobabilityofdangerousfailureofthesafetyfunctiondependsonseveralfactors,includinghardwareandsoftwarestructure,theextentoffaultdetectionmechanisms[diagnosticcoverage(DC)],reliabilityofcomponents[meantimetodangerousfailure(MTTFd),commoncausefailure(CCF)],designprocess,operatingstress,environmentalconditionsandoperationprocedures.

InordertoassistthedesignerandhelpfacilitatetheassessmentofachievedPL,thisdocumentemploysamethodologybasedonthecategorizationofstructuresaccordingtospecificdesigncriteriaandspecifiedbehavioursunderfaultconditions.Thesecategoriesareallocatedoneoffivelevels,termedCategoriesB,1,2,3and4.

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Theperformancelevelsandcategoriescanbeappliedtosafety-relatedpartsofcontrolsystems,suchas

—protectivedevices(e.g.two-handcontroldevices,interlockingdevices),electro-sensitiveprotectivedevices(e.g.photoelectricbarriers),pressuresensitivedevices,

—controlunits(e.g.alogicunitforcontrolfunctions,dataprocessing,monitoring,etc.),and

—powercontrolelements(e.g.relays,valves,etc),

aswellastocontrolsystemscarryingoutsafetyfunctionsatallkindsofmachinery—fromsimple(e.g.smallkitchenmachines,orautomaticdoorsandgates)tomanufacturinginstallations(e.g.packagingmachines,printingmachines,presses).

ThispartofISO13849isintendedtoprovideaclearbasisuponwhichthedesignandperformanceofanyapplicationoftheSRP/CS(andthemachine)canbeassessed,forexample,byathirdparty,in-houseorbyanindependenttesthouse.

InformationontherecommendedapplicationofIEC62061andthispartofISO13849

IEC62061andthispartofISO13849specifyrequirementsforthedesignandimplementationofsafety-relatedcontrolsystemsofmachinery.TheuseofeitheroftheseInternationalStandards,inaccordancewiththeirscopes,canbepresumedtofulfiltherelevantessentialsafetyrequirements.ThefollowingtablesummarizesthescopesofIEC62061andthispartofISO13849.

Table1—RecommendedapplicationofIEC62061andISO13849-1

Technologyimplementingthesafety-relatedcontrolfunction(s)

ISO13849-1

IEC62061

A

Non-electrical,e.g.hydraulics

X

Notcovered

B

Electromechanical,e.g.relays,and/ornoncomplexelectronics

Restrictedtodesignated

architecturesaanduptoPL=e

AllarchitecturesanduptoSIL3

C

Complexelectronics,e.g.programmable

Restrictedtodesignated

architecturesaanduptoPL=d

AllarchitecturesanduptoSIL3

D

AcombinedwithB

Restrictedtodesignated

architecturesaanduptoPL=e

Xc

E

CcombinedwithB

Restrictedtodesignated

architectures(seeNote1)anduptoPL=d

AllarchitecturesanduptoSIL3

F

CcombinedwithA,orC

combinedwithAandB

Xb

Xc

XindicatesthatthisitemisdealtwithbytheInternationalStandardshowninthecolumnheading.

aDesignatedarchitecturesaredefinedin6.2inordertogiveasimplifiedapproachforquantificationofperformancelevel.

bForcomplexelectronics:usedesignatedarchitecturesaccordingtothispartofISO13849uptoPL=doranyarchitectureaccordingtoIEC62061.

cFornon-electricaltechnology,usepartsinaccordancewiththispartofISO13849assubsystems.

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INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO13849-1:2006(E)

Safetyofmachinery—Safety-relatedpartsofcontrolsystems—

Part1:

Generalprinciplesfordesign

1Scope

ThispartofISO13849providessafetyrequirementsandguidanceontheprinciplesforthedesignandintegrationofsafety-relatedpartsofcontrolsystems(SRP/CS),includingthedesignofsoftware.ForthesepartsofSRP/CS,itspecifiescharacteristicsthatincludetheperformancelevelrequiredforcarryingoutsafetyfunctions.ItappliestoSRP/CS,regardlessofthetypeoftechnologyandenergyused(electrical,hydraulic,pneumatic,mechanical,etc.),forallkindsofmachinery.

Itdoesnotspecifythesafetyfunctionsorperformancelevelsthataretobeusedinaparticularcase.

ThispartofISO13849providesspecificrequirementsforSRP/CSusingprogrammableelectronicsystem(s).

ItdoesnotgivespecificrequirementsforthedesignofproductswhicharepartsofSRP/CS.Nevertheless,theprinciplesgiven,suchascategoriesorperformancelevels,canbeused.

NOTE1ExamplesofproductswhicharepartsofSRP/CS:relays,solenoidvalves,positionswitches,PLCs,motorcontrolunits,two-handcontroldevices,pressuresensitiveequipment.Forthedesignofsuchproducts,itisimportanttorefertothespecificallyapplicableInternationalStandards,e.g.ISO13851,ISO13856-1andISO13856-2.

NOTE2Forthedefinitionofrequiredperformancelevel,see3.1.24.

NOTE3TherequirementsprovidedinthispartofISO13849forprogrammableelectronicsystemsarecompatiblewiththemethodologyforthedesignanddevelopmentofsafety-relatedelectrical,electronicandprogrammableelectroniccontrolsystemsformachinerygiveninIEC62061.

NOTE4Forsafety-relatedembeddedsoftwareforcomponentswithPLr=eseeIEC61508-3:1998,Clause7.

NOTE5SeealsoTable1.

2Normativereferences

Thefollowingreferenceddocumentsareindispensablefortheapplicationofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.

ISO12100-1:2003,Safetyofmachinery—Basicconcepts,generalprinciplesfordesign—Part1:Basicterminology,methodology

ISO12100-2:2003,Safetyofmachinery—Basicconcepts,generalprinciplesfordesign—Part2:Technicalprinciples

ISO13849-2:2003,Safetyofmachinery—Safety-relatedpartsofcontrolsystems—Part2:Validation

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ISO13849-1:2006(E)

ISO141211),Safetyofmachinery—Principlesofriskassessment

IEC60050-191:1990,Internationalelectrotechnicalvocabulary—Chapter191:Dependabilityandqualityofservice,andIEC60050-191-am1:1999andIEC60050-191-am2:2002:1999,Amendment1andAmendment2,InternationalElectrotechnicalVocabulary.Chapter191:Dependabilityandqualityofservice

IEC61508-3:1998,Functionalsafetyofelectrical/electronic/programmableelectronicsafety-relatedsystems-Part3:Softwarerequirements,andIEC61508-3Corr.1:1999,Corrigendum1—Functionalsafetyofelectrical/electronic/programmableelectronicsafety-relatedsystems—Part3:Softwarerequirements

IEC61508-4:1998,Functionalsafetyofelectrical/electronic/programmableelectronicsafety-relatedsystems—Part4:Defi