2024年6月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試練習(xí)題及答案(第三套)PartIWritingDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimpactofsmartdevicesoninterpersonalcommunication.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.Intheeraofrapidtechnologicaladvancement,smartdeviceshavebecomeindispensablecompanionsindailylife,profoundlyreshapingthewaypeopleinteract.Whiletheyofferunprecedentedconvenience,theirinfluenceoninterpersonalcommunicationisadouble-edgedsword.Ononehand,smartdevicesbridgegeographicalgaps.PlatformslikeWeChatandWhatsAppenableinstantmessaging,videocalls,andsharingoflifemoments,allowingfriendsandfamilyseparatedbydistancetostayconnected.Foroverseasstudentsorexpatriates,thesetoolsalleviatehomesicknessbymaintainingreal-timecommunication.Moreover,theyfacilitatenewformsofsocialization:onlineinterestgroups,virtualbookclubs,andgamingcommunitiescreateopportunitiesforindividualswithsharedhobbiestoconnect,expandingsocialcirclesbeyondtraditionalboundaries.Ontheotherhand,overrelianceonsmartdevicesmayerodethequalityofface-to-faceinteractions.Manypeoplenowprefertypingshortmessagestohavingin-depthconversations,leadingtosuperficialcommunication.Duringfamilydinnersorgatheringswithfriends,itiscommontoseeeveryoneburiedintheirphones,reducingthechanceformeaningfulexchanges.Studieshavealsoshownthatexcessivescreentimecanweakenempathy,asnon-verbalcueslikefacialexpressionsandbodylanguage—vitalforunderstandingemotions—areoftenmissedindigitalcommunication.Inconclusion,smartdevicesareneitherpurelybeneficialnorharmful.Thekeyliesinstrikingabalance:utilizingthemtostayconnectedwhileprioritizingreal-worldinteractionstonurturedeeper,moreauthenticrelationships.PartIIListeningComprehensionSectionANewsReportsNewsReport1AmassiveiceshelfinAntarcticahasbrokenoff,accordingtoscientistsfromtheBritishAntarcticSurvey.Theiceshelf,namedConger,whichhadbeenstableforatleast80years,collapsedinmid-Marchduetoacombinationofrisingseatemperaturesandanunusualheatwavethatsawtemperaturesintheregionsoar30degreesaboveaverage.Satelliteimagesshowthattheshelf,coveringanareaofapproximately1,200squarekilometers,hasfragmentedintosmallericebergs.Researcherswarnthatsucheventscouldacceleratesea-levelrise,asiceshelvesactas"brakes"preventinginlandglaciersfromflowingintotheocean.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.WhatisthemainreasonforthecollapseoftheCongericeshelf?A)HeavysnowfallB)RisingseatemperaturesandaheatwaveC)HumanactivitiesD)Earthquakes2.Whatisthepotentialconsequenceoftheiceshelfcollapse?A)ReducedoceansalinityB)Acceleratedsea-levelriseC)ColdercoastalclimatesD)IncreasedfishpopulationsNewsReport2Anewartificialintelligence(AI)systemdevelopedbyChineseresearchershasachievedabreakthroughinearlycancerdetection.TheAI,trainedonover10millionmedicalimages,canidentifyearly-stagelungcancerwithaaccuracyrateof97%,surpassingtheperformanceofexperiencedradiologists.Inaclinicaltrialinvolving5,000participants,thesystemdetected89casesofearlylungcancerthatwereinitiallymissedbyhumandoctors.Expertsbelievethistechnologywillsignificantlyimprovecancersurvivalrates,asearlydetectionincreasesthechanceofsuccessfultreatmentbyupto70%.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.WhatisthemainfunctionofthenewAIsystem?A)TreatinglungcancerB)Detectingearly-stagelungcancerC)AnalyzingbloodsamplesD)Predictingcancerrecurrence4.WhatistheaccuracyrateoftheAIsystem?A)70%B)89%C)97%D)90%NewsReport3ThecityofHangzhouhaslaunchedanewpolicytoregulateitsbike-sharingsystem.Startingnextmonth,allbike-sharingcompaniesmustlimittheirfleetsto300,000unitscitywide,a20%reductionfromthecurrentnumber.Additionally,bikesleftparkedinnon-designatedareasformorethan24hourswillberemoved,andcompanieswillbefined50yuanperbike.Themoveaimstosolvetheproblemofdisorderlyparking,whichhascausedtrafficcongestionandsafetyhazards.Sincethepolicywasannounced,publicsupporthasbeenstrong,with85%ofsurveyedresidentsexpressingsatisfaction.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.Whatisthenewpolicyabout?A)Limitingthenumberofbike-sharingusersB)Regulatingbike-sharingfleetsandparkingC)IncreasingbikerentalfeesD)Banningbike-sharingindowntownareas6.Bywhatpercentagewillthebikefleetbereduced?A)10%B)20%C)30%D)40%7.Whatwillhappentobikesparkedinnon-designatedareasforover24hours?A)TheywillberecycledB)TheywillbefinedC)TheywillberemovedandthecompanyfinedD)TheywillberelocatedtodesignatedareasSectionBLongConversationsConversation1W:Hi,Tom.How’syourcommunityserviceprojectgoing?M:It’sbeenabittough,butrewarding.We’reteachingelderlyresidentshowtousesmartphones.Atfirst,theywerereallyhesitant—someevensaidtheydidn’tneedit.Butonceweshowedthemhowtovideocalltheirgrandchildrenorordergroceriesonline,theygotinterested.W:That’sgreat!Didyoufaceanyotherchallenges?M:Oh,definitely.Thelearningpacevariesalot.Somepickupthebasicsinaday,whileothersneedweeks.Wehadtoadjustourteachingmethods—usingmorepicturesinsteadofjustverbalinstructions.Also,technicalissuespoppedup:phonesfreezing,appscrashing.Wehadtotroubleshootonthespot.W:Soundslikeyou’velearnedalottoo.M:Absolutely.Patienceiskey.Iusedtogetfrustratedwhenexplainingsomethingrepeatedly,butnowIunderstandthateveryonelearnsdifferently.Plus,hearingtheirstoriesaboutlifebeforesmartphoneshasbeeneye-opening.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.WhatisthetopicofTom’scommunityserviceproject?A)TeachingelderlypeopletousesmartphonesB)Organizingfreehealthcheck-upsforseniorsC)RepairingoldelectronicdevicesD)Promotingenvironmentalprotection9.Whyweretheelderlyhesitantatfirst?A)Theydidn’ttrustthevolunteersB)TheythoughtsmartphoneswereunnecessaryC)Theycouldn’taffordthedevicesD)Theypreferredtraditionalcommunication10.Whatadjustmentdidthevolunteersmakeintheirteaching?A)UsingmoreverbalexplanationsB)Providingone-on-onetutoringC)UsingmorevisualaidsD)Reducingthenumberofsessions11.WhathasTomlearnedfromtheproject?A)TheimportanceoftechnicalskillsB)ThevalueofpatienceandunderstandingC)HowtofixsmartphoneissuesD)ThehistoryofmobiletechnologyConversation2W:Hello,customerservice.HowcanIassistyou?M:I’mcallingtocomplainaboutmyrecentdelivery.Iorderedapackagefromyourstorefivedaysago,anditstillhasn’tarrived.Thetrackingnumbershowsit’sbeen"intransit"sincethesecondday.W:I’msorrytohearthat,sir.Letmecheckthesystem.YourpackagewassentfromShanghaionthe10th.ItshouldhavereachedBeijingbythe12th.Thedelaymightbeduetoalogisticscenteroverloadcausedbytherecentshoppingfestival.M:Overloadornot,that’snoexcuse.Ineededthepackageforabusinessmeetingyesterday.NowIlookunprofessional.W:Iunderstandyourfrustration.Wecanofferafullrefundplusa20%discountonyournextpurchase.Alternatively,wecanarrangeanexpressdeliveryforthereplacement,whichshouldarrivetomorrow.M:Arefundisn’tenough.Iwantcompensationfortheinconvenience.W:Wecanprovidea50-yuanvoucherinadditiontotherefund.Isthatacceptable?M:Alright,I’lltakethat.Butmakesurethisdoesn’thappenagain.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.Whatistheman’sproblem?A)ThepackagewasdamagedB)ThepackagewasdeliveredtothewrongaddressC)ThepackagewasdelayedD)Thepackagewaslost13.Whywasthedeliverydelayedaccordingtothewoman?A)BadweatherB)LogisticscenteroverloadC)StaffshortageD)Systemerror14.Whatdoesthemanmentionheneededthepackagefor?A)AfamilygatheringB)AbusinessmeetingC)AbirthdaygiftD)Aschoolproject15.Whatcompensationdoesthemanfinallyaccept?A)AfullrefundB)A20%discountC)A50-yuanvoucherplusarefundD)AnexpressreplacementSectionCPassagesPassage1Sleepisnotjustatimeforthebodytorest;itplaysacriticalroleinmemoryconsolidation.AstudypublishedinNatureNeurosciencefoundthatduringdeepsleep,thebrainreplaysneuralactivitypatternsfromtheday,strengtheningconnectionsbetweenneurons.Intheexperiment,participantslearnedanewmotorskill—typingaspecificsequenceofkeys—andweretestedbeforeandaftersleep.Thosewhohadafullnight’ssleepshoweda20%improvementinspeedandaccuracy,whilethosekeptawakeshowednoprogress.Researcherssuggestthatgetting7-9hoursofsleepnightlyisoptimalformemoryretention,especiallyforstudentspreparingforexamsorprofessionalslearningnewskills.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.Whatisthemainfunctionofsleepmentionedinthepassage?A)PhysicalrecoveryB)MemoryconsolidationC)EmotionalregulationD)Energystorage17.Whatdidtheexperimentinvolve?A)LearningalanguageB)TypingakeysequenceC)SolvingmathproblemsD)Drawingpictures18.Howmuchimprovementdidwell-sleptparticipantsshow?A)10%B)15%C)20%D)25%Passage2Intoday’scompetitivejobmarket,technicalskillsarenolongerenough.Employersincreasinglyvalue"softskills"—interpersonalabilitieslikecommunication,teamwork,andproblem-solving.AsurveybyLinkedInfoundthat92%ofhiringmanagersconsidersoftskillsasimportantas,ormoreimportantthan,hardskills.Forexample,asoftwareengineerwithexcellentcodingskillsbutpoorcommunicationmaystruggletocollaboratewiththeteam,leadingtoprojectdelays.Todevelopsoftskills,expertsrecommendpracticingactivelistening,participatingingroupprojects,andseekingfeedback.Manycompaniesnowincludesoftskilltrainingintheironboardingprogramstoensureemployeescanworkeffectivelyindiverseteams.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.Whataresoftskillsaccordingtothepassage?A)BasiccomputerskillsB)InterpersonalabilitiesC)AcademicqualificationsD)Physicalcapabilities20.Whatpercentageofhiringmanagersvaluesoftskillshighly?A)72%B)82%C)92%D)100%21.Whatisarecommendedwaytodevelopsoftskills?A)TakingonlinecoursesB)PracticingactivelisteningC)EarningmorecertificationsD)WorkingindependentlyPassage3Plantsarenotpassiveorganisms;theyhavesophisticatedself-protectionmechanisms.Whenattackedbyinsects,someplantsreleasechemicalsignalstoattractthepredatorsofthoseinsects.Forexample,cornplantsunderattackbycaterpillarsemitavolatilesubstancethatlureswasps,whichthenlayeggsinsidethecaterpillars,killingthem.Otherplants,likethestingingnettle,havephysicaldefenses:tinyhairsontheirleavesthatinjectirritantsintoanimalsthattouchthem.Recentresearchalsoshowsthatplantscan"remember"pastattacks.Aplantthathasbeendamagedbybugsismorelikelytoproducedefensivechemicalsfasterwhenattackedagain,aphenomenonsimilartotheimmunememoryinanimals.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.Howdocornplantsprotectthemselvesfromcaterpillars?A)BygrowingthornsB)ByreleasingachemicaltoattractwaspsC)ByproducingtoxicleavesD)Byclosingtheirleaves23.Whatisaphysicaldefenseofthestingingnettle?A)PoisonousfruitsB)StinginghairsC)StrongsmellD)Rapidgrowth24.Whatdoesrecentresearchrevealaboutplants?A)TheycancommunicatewitheachotherB)TheycanrememberpastattacksC)TheycanmovetowardssunlightD)Theycanmimicanimalsounds25.Whatisthephenomenonsimilartoanimalimmunememory?A)FasterproductionofdefensivechemicalsafterrepeatedattacksB)GrowingtallertoavoidpredatorsC)ChangingleafcolortowarnenemiesD)ReleasingmorepollentoattractpollinatorsPartIIIReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youaretoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitem.Mentalhealthamongadolescentshasbecomeagrowingconcernglobally.Studiesshowthat1in5teenagersexperience__26__mentalhealthissues,yetonly30%seekprofessionalhelp.Barriersto__27__includestigma,lackofawareness,andlimitedaccesstoservices.Schoolsplaya__28__roleinaddressingthisproblem.Byintegratingmentalhealtheducationintothecurriculum,schoolscan__29__students’awarenessofcommonissueslikeanxietyanddepression.Trainingteacherstorecognizeearlysignsofdistressallowsfortimely__30__.Additionally,establishingon-campuscounselingcentersprovidesstudentswithasafe,convenientspacetoseekhelpwithoutfearofjudgment.Communityeffortsareequallyimportant.Localgovernmentsshouldallocatemorefundsto__31__mentalhealthservices,ensuringthatclinicsinruralareasareaswell-equippedasthoseincities.Parents,too,must__32__theimportanceofopencommunication.Encouragingchildrentotalkabouttheirfeelingshelps__33__emotionalburdensandpreventsproblemsfromescalating.Itis__34__thatsocietytakescollectiveaction.Ignoringadolescentmentalhealthnotonlyaffectsindividualwell-beingbutalsohaslong-termconsequencesforcommunity__35__.WordBank:A)criticalB)excessiveC)addressD)promoteE)accessF)neglectG)alleviateH)urgentI)availableJ)interventionK)stabilityL)awarenessM)expandN)trivialO)emotional26.O27.E28.A29.D30.J31.M32.F33.G34.H35.KSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.TheDigitalDivide:BridgingtheGapintheInformationAge[A]Theterm"digitaldivide"referstothegapbetweenthosewhohaveaccesstomoderninformationandcommunicationtechnologies(ICTs)andthosewhodonot.Thisdivideisnotjustaboutowningasmartphoneoracomputer;itencompassesdifferencesindigitalliteracy,affordableinternetaccess,andtheabilitytousetechnologyeffectivelyforeducation,work,anddailylife.[B]Indevelopingcountries,thedigitaldivideisoftenmostpronouncedinruralareas.A2023reportbytheUnitedNationsfoundthatonly35%ofruralpopulationsinsub-SaharanAfricahaveaccesstohigh-speedinternet,comparedto78%inurbanareas.Thisdisparitylimitsopportunitiesforruralstudentstoaccessonlineeducationalresources,forfarmerstouseagriculturalappsthatimprovecropyields,andforsmallbusinessestoreachwidermarkets.[C]Evenindevelopedcountries,thedividepersistsalongsocioeconomiclines.Low-incomehouseholdsarelesslikelytoaffordhigh-speedinternetorthelatestdevices.AstudyintheU.S.revealedthat40%offamiliesearningbelow$30,000peryearlackhomebroadband,comparedtojust5%offamiliesearningover$100,000.Thisputschildrenfrompoorerfamiliesatadisadvantageinremotelearning,acriticalissuesincemanyschoolsnowrelyononlineplatforms.[D]Thedigitaldividealsoaffectsolderadults.AsurveyinJapanshowedthat60%ofpeopleover65strugglewithbasicdigitaltaskslikeusingemailornavigatingsocialmedia.Thisnotonlyisolatesthemsociallybutalsolimitstheiraccesstoe-governmentservices,onlinebanking,andtelemedicine—servicesthathavebecomeessential,especiallyduringpublichealthcrises.[E]Educationisakeyareawherethedigitaldividehassevereconsequences.DuringtheCOVID-19pandemic,schoolsworldwideshiftedtoonlinelearning,butmillionsofstudentswereleftbehindduetolackofdevicesorinternetaccess.InIndia,itwasestimatedthat112millionchildrencouldnotattendonlineclasses,exacerbatingexistingeducationalinequalities.[F]Tobridgethedigitaldivide,governmentsandprivatesectorsmustworktogether.InSouthKorea,thegovernmenthasinvested$5billionina"NationalBroadbandPlan"toprovidefreehigh-speedinternettoallruralhouseholdsby2025.TechcompanieslikeGoogleandMicrosofthavelaunchedinitiativestodonateuseddevicestolow-incomeschoolsandtrainteachersindigitalpedagogy.[G]Digitalliteracyprogramsareequallyvital.InBrazil,non-profitorganizationsrunworkshopsteachingelderlycitizenshowtousesmartphonestoconnectwithfamilyandaccesshealthcareinformation.Theseprogramsnotonlyimprovetechnicalskillsbutalsoboostconfidence,encouragingmorepeopletoengagewithdigitaltools.[H]Theroleofcommunitycenterscannotbeoverlooked.InKenya,"digitalhubs"inruralareasprovidefreecomputeraccess,internet,andtrainingsessions.Thesehubshavebecomecentersforentrepreneurship,withlocalyouthusingthefacilitiestostartonlinebusinessessellinghandmadecraftstointernationalcustomers.[I]Closingthedigitaldivideisnotjustamatteroftechnology;itisamatterofequity.Wheneveryonehasequalaccesstodigitaltools,societiesbecomemoreinclusive,economiesgrowmoredynamically,andindividualsgainthepowertoshapetheirownfutures.Itisachallengethatrequiressustainedeffort,buttherewardsareimmeasurable.Statements:36.Thedigitaldivideisnotonlyaboutdeviceownershipbutalsoincludesdifferencesindigitalskillsandeffectivetechnologyuse.(A)37.Duringthepandemic,onlinelearningleftmanystudentsbehindduetolackofdevicesorinternet.(E)38.Ruralareasinsub-SaharanAfricahavemuchlowerhigh-speedinternetaccessthanurbanareas.(B)39.Low-incomefamiliesintheU.S.arelesslikelytohavehomebroadbandcomparedtowealthierfamilies.(C)40.DigitalhubsinKenyahavepromotedlocalentrepreneurshipbyprovidingtechaccess.(H)41.OlderadultsinJapanfacedifficultieswithbasicdigitaltasks,affectingtheiraccesstoessentialservices.(D)42.SouthKorea’sgovernmenthasinvestedinabroadbandplantocoverruralhouseholds.(F)43.Non-profitsinBrazilofferworkshopstoteachelderlycitizensdigitalskills.(G)44.Thedigitaldividehaslong-termimpactsonequity,inclusion,andeconomicgrowth.(I)45.Freehigh-speedinternetanddevicedonationsarepartofeffortstoreducethedigitaldivide.(F)SectionCDirections:Therearetwopassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneTheglobalelectricvehicle(EV)marketisbooming,withsalesincreasingby60%in2023comparedtothepreviousyear.Thisgrowthisdrivenbyseveralfactors:governmentincentives,decliningbatterycosts,andgrowingconsumerawarenessofenvironmentalissues.InChina,theworld’slargestEVmarket,thegovernmentofferssubsidiesofupto30,000yuanfornewEVpurchases,whileNorwayhaseliminatedimporttaxesandtollfeesforEVs,resultinginEVsaccountingfor80%ofnewcarsales.Despitethissuccess,challengesremain.Themostsignificantisbatterytechnology.Althoughlithium-ionbatterieshaveimproved,theystillhavelimitations:longchargingtimes,limitedrange,andenvironmentalconcernsrelatedtolithiummining.Researchersareexploringalternatives,suchassolid-statebatteries,whichpromisefasterchargingandhigherenergydensity.However,massproductionofsolid-statebatteriesisnotexpecteduntil2030attheearliest.Consumerconcernsalsoplayarole.AsurveybyJDPowerfoundthat55%ofpotentialEVbuyersareworriedabouttheavailabilityofchargingstations,especiallyinruralareas.Toaddressthis,companieslikeTeslaandBYDareexpandingtheirchargingnetworksglobally.Tesla’sSuperchargernetworknowhasover50,000stations,andBYDplanstobuild100,000newstationsinChinaby2025.Lookingahead,theEVmarketispoisedforfurthergrowth.Analystspredictthatby2030,EVswillmakeup50%ofglobalcarsales.Thistransitionwillnotonlyreducecarbonemissionsbutalsotransformtheautomotiveindustry,frommanufacturingtoafter-salesservices.46.WhatisthemainreasonforthegrowthoftheglobalEVmarket?A)ImprovedbatterytechnologyB)GovernmentincentivesandenvironmentalawarenessC)LowerpricesoftraditionalcarsD)Increasedavailabilityofchargingstations47.WhatisachallengeforEVbatteries?A)HighenergydensityB)ShortchargingtimesC)EnvironmentalissuesfromlithiumminingD)Lowproductioncosts48.WhatpercentageofpotentialEVbuyersareconcernedaboutchargingstations?A)30%B)55%C)60%D)80%49.WhatisBYDplanningtodoby2025?A)Developsolid-statebatteriesB)ExpanditsSuperchargernetworkC)Build100,000newchargingstationsinChinaD)IncreaseEVsalesby60%50.WhatisthepredictedglobalEVsalesshareby2030?A)30%B)50%C)60%D)80%PassageTwoThewaypeoplereadhaschangeddramaticallywiththeriseofe-booksandonlinearticles.Whiledigitalreadingoffersconvenience—accesstomillionsofbooksonasingledevice—manyreadersstillpreferphysicalbooks.A2023surveybythePublishingResearchConsortiumfoundthat65%ofreadersaged18-35chooseprintbooksfordeepreading,suchasnovelsoracademictexts,becausetheyfinditeasiertofocusandretaininformation.E-books,however,dominateinotherareas.Forlightreading—likenewsarticlesorself-helpguides—78%ofrespondentspreferdigitalformats,citingportabilityandsearchfunctionalityaskeyadvantages.Youngerreaders,inparticular,usee-booksforquickinformationretrieval,suchaslookingupdefinitionsorreferencingfootnotes.Researchonreadingcomprehensionalsoshowsmixedresults.AstudyinReadingResearchQuarterlyfoundthatreadersofphysicalbooksperformedbetterontestsofnarrativerecall,possiblybecausethephysicalactofturningpageshelpscreatespatialmemoryofthestorystructure.Incontrast,e-bookreadersexcelledattasksrequiringquickaccesstospecificinformation,likefindingastatisticinanon-fictionbook.Educationalinstitutionsareadaptingtothesetrends.Manyuniversitiesnowprovidebothprintanddigitalversionsoftextbooks,allowing