ResearchDataFramework(RDaF):Motivation,Development,andAPreliminaryFrameworkFebruary

研究數(shù)據(jù)框架（RDaF）：動機(jī)、20212Thispublicationistheresultofanongoingcollaborativeeffortinvolvingindustry,governmentagencies,universities,non-profits,publishers,andotherorganizationsandinstitutions.TheNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST)launchedtheResearchDataFramework(RDaF)projectbyconveningnationalandinternationalprivate-andpublic-sectororganizationsandindividualsataworkshopinDecember2019.AttendeesatthisworkshopunanimouslyagreedthattheRDaFshouldmoveforwardandthatNISTwasthebestinstitutiontotaketheleadinitsdevelopment.Further,itwasrecommendedthatNISTmoveasrapidlyaspossibletosolidifytheplanandseekcollaborativefundingwithothergovernmentagencies.NISTisleadingthedevelopmentoftheResearchDataFramework(RDaF)withinvolvementandinputfromnationalandinternationalleadersinthebroadresearchdatastakeholdercommunity.Researchdataisdefinedhereas“therecordedfactualmaterialcommonlyacceptedinthescientificcommunityasnecessarytovalidateresearchfindings.”TheoverarchinggoaloftheRDaFistoprovidethestakeholdercommunitywithastructuredapproachtodevelopacustomizablestrategyforthemanagementofresearchdata.TheaudiencefortheRDaFistheentireresearchdatacommunity,includingallorganizationsandindividualsengagedinanyactivitiesconcernedwithresearchdatamanagement,fromChiefExecutiveOfficersandChiefDataOfficerstolibrariansandresearchers.Thisdocumentdescribesthemotivationfor,andthedevelopmentof,aPreliminaryFrameworkCore,andidentifiesthenextstepsinfurtherdevelopmentoftheRDaF.Theresearchdataenvironmentisrapidlychanging,andthisFrameworkshallremainalivingdocument.Revisionswillbemadeaswe,thestakeholdersoftheRDaF,gainexperiencewithitsapplicationanduse.KeyResearchdata;researchdataecosystem;researchdataframework;researchdatalifecycle;researchdatamanagement;stakeholdercommunity.

果。美國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與技術(shù)研究院（NIST）通過召集私營和公共部門的國家和國際組織201912（RDaF）項(xiàng)目。此次研討RDaFNISTNIST美國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與技術(shù)研究院（NIST）正領(lǐng)導(dǎo)研究數(shù)據(jù)框架（RDaF）RDaF的總體目標(biāo)是向利益相關(guān)者社區(qū)提供一種結(jié)構(gòu)化方法，以開發(fā)可定制的策略來管理研究數(shù)據(jù)。RDaF的目標(biāo)受眾是整個研究數(shù)據(jù)社區(qū)，包括所有參與任何與研究數(shù)RDaF進(jìn)一步開發(fā)中的下一步。RDaF利益Tableof Originofthe Whatisthe LegalandInstitutional Value Risk DevelopmentofthePreliminary InitialScoping StakeholderScoping InterimStudiesand DraftingthePreliminary DescriptionofthePreliminary RelationshiptoOtherNIST Framework Informative Framework FrameworkImplementation Next AppendixA:Acronymsand AppendixB:InitialListofStakeholdersand AppendixC:RDaFStakeholderScopingWorkshop AppendixD:RDaFStakeholderScopingWorkshop AppendixE:PreliminaryRDaFFramework AppendixF:InitialListofInformative AppendixG:GlossaryofTermsusedinAppendix

DevelopmentofthePreliminary RDaFNIST AB附錄C：RDaFAppendixD:RDaFStakeholderScopingWorkshop ERDaF27F32GEListofTable1.RDaFSteeringCommittee Table2.CoreFunctionsoftheNIST Table3.ExampleofFrameworkProfile ListofFig.1.TimelinefordevelopmentofthePreliminary Fig.2.FourelementsofaFramework Fig.3.ThesixFunctions(researchdatalifecyclestages)ofthePreliminary Fig.4.Timelineforthetwopilot

表1。RDaF表2。NIST31RDaF2圖3。初步RDaF的六個功能（研究數(shù)據(jù)生命周期階段 4IntroductionNISTisleadingthedevelopmentoftheResearchDataFramework(RDaF)withinvolvementandinputfromnationalandinternationalleadersinthebroadresearchdatastakeholdercommunity.Researchdataisdefinedhereas“therecordedfactualmaterialcommonlyacceptedinthescientificcommunityasnecessarytovalidateresearchfindings[1].”TheoverarchinggoaloftheRDaFistoprovidethestakeholdercommunitywithastructuredapproachtodevelopacustomizablestrategyforthemanagementofresearchdata.TheaudiencefortheRDaFistheentireresearchdatacommunity,includingallorganizationsandindividualsengagedinanyactivitiesconcerningresearchdatamanagement,fromChiefExecutiveOfficers(CEOs)andChiefDataOfficers(CDOs)tolibrariansandresearchers.Thisdocumentisorganizedintofourhigh-levelSections:(1)Introductorymaterial;(2)DevelopmentofaninitialversionoftheRDaF,hereafterreferredtoasthePreliminaryRDaF,(3)AdescriptionofthePreliminaryRDaF;and(4)Nextsteps.Itiswidelyrecognizedthatdata,specificallyresearchdata,areofgrowingimportanceandimpacttotheeconomyandsociety.“Dataandinformationhavebecomethemostimportantassetsofthe21stcentury[2].”“Data-driveninnovationformsakeypillarin21stcenturysourcesofgrowth…[research]datasetsarebecomingacoreassetintheeconomy,fosteringnewindustries,processesandproducts…[suchdatasets]significantlyenhanceproductivity,resourceefficiency,economiccompetitiveness,andsocialwell-being[3].”“Scientificresearchsupportedbythe[U.S.]federalgovernmentcatalyzesinnovativebreakthroughsthatdriveoureconomy.Theresultsofthatresearchbecomethegristfornewinsightsandareassetsforprogressinareassuchashealth,energy,theenvironment,agriculture,andnationalsecurity[4].”“Wearelivinginadataexplosionwherewegenerateandconsume[research]datafasterthanwecankeeptrackofandsecure.Whatarewegoingtodowithallthis[research]dataandhowcanweunlockitspotentialtomakeitworkforsociety?[5]”Therisksoflosingandmismanagingresearchdatacanhavesevereeconomicandsocialconsequences.[6?9].EuropeandChinahaverecognizedthisandhavemovedproactivelytodevelopfederatedenterpriseapproachestomanageresearchdataandmakesuchdatawidelyavailable.EuropehastakentheleadershippositioninopenresearchwithFAIR(Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Reusable)[10]dataandismovingtowardimplementationofFAIRwiththeEuropeanOpenScienceCloud[11].ChinaisalsoworkingaggressivelyonopenresearchwithitsChinaScienceandTechnologyCloudstartedinOctober2020[12].Morerecently,theChineseAcademyofScienceshasfundedafive-yearinternationalpartnershippilotproject,theGlobalOpenScienceCloudInitiative,tobegininearly2021[13].TheU.S.hasalsorecognizedthecriticalityofopensciencethroughaNational

引言NIST正在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)研究數(shù)據(jù)框架（RDaF）的、用于驗(yàn)證研究成果的記錄性事實(shí)材料[1]RDaF的總體目標(biāo)是向利益相關(guān)者社區(qū)提供一個結(jié)構(gòu)化的方法，以開發(fā)可定制的策略來管理研究數(shù)據(jù)。RDaF的受眾是官（CEO）和首席數(shù)據(jù)官（CDO）到圖書館員和研究人員。本文分為四個高級別章節(jié)：（1）引言材料；（2）RDaFRDaF；（3）RDaF（4）“21[2]?！?1...{v1}{v2}“...]數(shù)據(jù)集正在成為經(jīng)濟(jì)中的核心資產(chǎn)，...[]顯著提高生產(chǎn)力、資源效率、經(jīng)濟(jì)效率[3]”compettveness,ansocawe-e “由[]聯(lián)邦政府支持的科學(xué)研究催化安全“Wearelivinginadataexplosionwherewegenerateandconsume[]數(shù)據(jù)比我們能夠跟蹤的速度更快，并且能夠保障。我們[]數(shù)據(jù)，以及我們?nèi)绾谓怄i它的潛力，使其為社會服務(wù)？[5]”丟失和管理不善研究數(shù)據(jù)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能帶來嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會后果。[6–9]。歐洲和中FAIR（可查找、可訪問、可互操作、可重用）[10]數(shù)據(jù)，并正朝著通過歐洲開放科學(xué)云[11]FAIR2020102020[12]。最近，2021年初開始[13]。美國也認(rèn)識到開放科學(xué)的緊迫性，通過國家Academies1study,OpenSciencebyDesign:RealizingaVisionfor21stCenturyFordecades,advancesininformationtechnologyofferunprecedentedopportunitiesinscientificdata[15].Consider,forexample,supercomputersthatcanperformamilliontrilliontotaloperationspersecond[16].TheU.S.hasthesecondfastestscientificresearchcomputerintheworld(IBMSummit),havingbeenrecentlydisplacedfromtheleadingpositioninJune2020bytheJapanesesupercomputerFugaku[17].U.S.researchersareapplyingSummittokeyglobalissues,includingartificialintelligence(AI)[18]andgeneticdecodingofCOVID-19[19].TheU.S.hasmanyotheractiveprivate,academic,andpublicinvestmentsindata-intensiveresearchinmyriaddisciplines.Thereisanincreasingvarietyofstakeholdersintheresearchdataecosystem:governmentagencies(e.g.,theOSTP/NSTCSubcommitteeonOpenScience2intheU.S.),universitiesandtheirresearchlibraries,researchdatacentersandrepositories,scholarlypublishers,professionalsocieties,nationalandinternationalcollaborations,organizations(e.g.,CENDI,3BRDI,4NASEM,5CODATA,6RDA,7WDS,8andGOFAIR,9seeAppendixA,AcronymsandInitialisms),standardsbodies,funders(bothpublicandprivate),industryandtheprivatesector,researchers,andthegeneralpublic.Howdotheroles,responsibilities,andexpectationsofthesediversestakeholdersdiffer,overlap,orcontradict?OriginoftheTheconceptofaResearchDataFramework(RDaF)isinspiredbythedemonstratedsuccessoftheFrameworkforImprovingCriticalInfrastructureCybersecurity[20],whichNISTinitiallyissuedinFebruary2014,andwhichishereafterreferredtoastheNISTCybersecurityFramework.ThedevelopmentoftheRDaFstartedwithapreliminaryscopingstudytodeterminethebestapproachtogetsupportanduptakefromadiversestakeholdercommunity.TheRDaFwillfocusontheU.S.,butbynecessitywillincludeglobalplayersandglobalbestpractices.OpenandFAIRdataareessentialtenetsintheFramework,butitsupportstheconceptof“asopenaspossible,asclosedasnecessary[21,22].”ThedetailsofthisinitialversionoftheRDaF,hereaftertermedthePreliminaryRDaF,wereinformedbyasmallbutrepresentativesubsetoftheresearchdatacommunity.SubsequentversionsoftheRDaFwillbeinformedbythebroadercommunity.1TheNationalAcademiesofSciences,Engineering,andMedicine.Availableat2OfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicy,NationalSubcommitteeonScienceandTechnology.Availableat/web/20201201153151/https:///ostp/nstc/underCommitteeon3Availableat5Availableat6Availableat

121世紀(jì)研究的愿景[14][15]提供了前所未有的機(jī)遇。例如，超級計(jì)算機(jī)每秒可以進(jìn)行一百萬萬億次總操作[16]。美國擁有世界上第二快的科學(xué)研究計(jì)算機(jī)（IBMSummit），20206Fugaku[17]取Summit81-0051.PS.TSIN/8206.01/gro.iod//:sptth:morfegrahcfoeerfelbaliavasinoitacilbup（AI81-0051.PS.TSIN/8206.01/gro.iod//:sptth:morfegrahcfoeerfelbaliavasinoitacilbupOSTP/NSTC2）、大學(xué)及其研究圖書館、研究數(shù)據(jù)中心和存儲庫、學(xué)術(shù)出版商、專業(yè)協(xié)會、國內(nèi)和國際合作、組織（例如CENDI,3BRDI,4NASEM,5CODATA,6RDA,7WDS,8GOFAIR,9A，縮寫和）、標(biāo)研究數(shù)據(jù)框架（RDaF）NIST20142[20],所取得的顯著成功的啟發(fā)，該框架此后稱為NISTRDaF接受的最佳方法。RDaFFAIR[21,22]”的概念。RDaFRDaF，是由研RDaF1美國國家科學(xué)、工程和醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)院?？稍趆ttps:///獲取2科學(xué)技術(shù)政策公室，國家科學(xué)技術(shù)小組委員會。可在/web/20201201153151/https:///ostp/nstc/在科學(xué)委員會下獲取3可在/web/20201109215414/https:///獲取4可在https:///brdi/board?on?research?data?and?information5可在https:///home6可在 /web/20201207173554//獲取7可在ThispublicationisavailablefreeofThispublicationisavailablefreeofchargefrom:/10.6028/NIST.SP.1500-8Availableat

/web/20201207174444/https://rd?8可在/web/20201207174825/https://取9可在/web/20201101081800/https://www.go?/獲取Thispublicationisavailablefreeofchargefrom:/10.6028/NIST.SP.1500-Theresearchdataspaceisrepletewithwell-intentionedandusefulinitiatives.However,theseinitiatives,whichinvolveonlyoneorafewofthestakeholdergroupslistedinSection2.1,cannotberepresentativeoftheentireresearchdataecosystem.Thispublicationisavailablefreeofchargefrom:/10.6028/NIST.SP.1500-WhatistheTheresearchdataecosystemisverycomplex!Therearemanystakeholdersandvariousfundingmodelsandsustainabilityplans.Howlongshouldresearchdatabekept?Howshouldresearchdataqualitybeassessed?Howdowemeasurethevalueofresearchdata?TheRDaFstrivestoanswerthesequestionsbyproviding:Amapoftheresearchdataspace:who,what,where,why,andAdynamicguideforthevariousstakeholdersinresearchdatatounderstandbestpracticesforresearchdatamanagementanddissemination;Aresourceforunderstandingcosts,benefits,andrisksassociatedwithresearchdatamanagement;Aconsensusdocumentbasedoninputsandconversationsamongthestakeholdersinresearchdata;andAtoolthatmaybeusedtochangetheresearchdatacultureinanLegalandInstitutionalTheRDaFaspirestoprovideorganizationswithastructuredapproachtodevelopacoherentresearchdatastrategy,andtoprovidestakeholderswithsomecommonlanguageterms13andabasisforcoordination.NISTwillleadthecoordinatedefforttodevelopandmaintainaFrameworkthatisusefulbutvoluntaryforallsectorsoftheeconomy,e.g.,industry,government,academia,andnot-for-profitorganizations.JustasthefirstversionoftheNISTCybersecurityFrameworkwasinitiallydrivenbylegislation,namelyExecutiveOrder13636:ImprovingCriticalInfrastructureCybersecurity[23],therearefederaldirectivesthatsupportthedevelopmentoftheRDaF.TheseincludeaseriesofWhiteHousedirectives,withthemostinfluentialbeingIncreasingAccesstotheResultsofFederallyFundedScientificResearch[4],alsoknownas“theHoldrenmemo,”whichwasissuedinFebruary2013.Thismemorandumwasfollowedbyanothermemorandum,OpenDataPolicy-ManagingInformationasanAssetinMay2013,andbyExecutiveOrder13642:MakingOpenandMachineReadabletheNewDefaultforGovernmentInformation(May14,2013)[24].”O(jiān)nJanuary14,2019,PresidentObamasignedintolawtheFoundationsforEvidence-BasedPolicymakingActof2018[25],whichincludestheOPENGovernmentDataAct,HouseResolution1770[26].ThislegislationcollectivelydictatesthatU.S,governmentagenciesmustmaketheirdatapubliclyavailable.Complyingwiththesenationalrequirementsandtakingintoconsiderationthemassiveefforts10Availableat11Availableat/web/20201207180743/https:///12Availableat/web/20201126165836//13Someofthelanguagetermswillbedependentonthespecificresearchdiscipline.

一個或少數(shù)幾個利益相關(guān)者群體，無法代表整個研究數(shù)據(jù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。在CODATA4RDA,510全球生物多樣性信息81-0051.PS.TSIN/8206.01/gro.iod//:sptth:morf81-0051.PS.TSIN/8206.01/gro.iod//:sptth:morfegrahcfoeerfelbaliavasinoitacilbupRDaF通過提供以下內(nèi)容來回答這些問題：RDaF13以及協(xié)調(diào)的基礎(chǔ)。NISTNIST13636：改善關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全[23],RDaF[4],“Holdren20132——2013513642(2013514)[24?！?019114of2018[25]1770[26]。這項(xiàng)立法共同規(guī)10可在/web/20201207180439/https:///11/web/20201207180743/https:///12可在 /web/20201126165836//13其中一些Thispublicationisavailablefreeofchargefrom:/10.6028/NIST.SP.1500-intheopenresearch/opendataworld,theU.S.isassessingandpromotingthebestpracticesthatareemerginginadiverseandcomplexglobalecosystemofresearchdata[27].TheEuropeanCommission,throughitsEuropeanOpenScienceCloud[11],aimstocreateaEuropeanresearchinteroperabilityframework.RDaFleadershipThispublicationisavailablefreeofchargefrom:/10.6028/NIST.SP.1500-ValueTheimmensevalueofmanagingresearchdataisclearlysupportedbyseveralfederaldocuments.AsstatedinOpenDataPolicy–ManagingInformationasanAsset[24],“Managinggovernmentinformationasanassetwillincreaseoperationalefficiencies,reducecosts,improveservices,supportmissionneeds,safeguardpersonalinformation,andincreasepublicaccesstovaluablegovernmentinformation.Makinginformationresourcesaccessible,discoverable,andusablebythepubliccanhelpfuelentrepreneurship,innovation,andscientificdiscovery—allofwhichimproveAmericans'livesandcontributesignificantlytojobcreation.”From2017to2019,theU.S.governmentreleasedthreekeydocumentsconcerningFederaldata:(1)ThePromiseofEvidence-BasedPolicymaking,whichdescribesimprovementsonhowdataareusedtogenerateevidenceaboutpoliciesandprogramsinthefederalgovernment[28];(2)ThePresident’sManagementAgenda:ModernizingGovernmentforthe21stCentury,whichsetsaprioritygoalofleveragingdataasastrategicasset[29];and(3)ThePresident’sManagementAgenda:FederalDataStrategy2020ActionPlan[30],whichdefinesthestepstoachievethisgoal.TheFoundationsforEvidence-BasedPolicymakingActof2018[25]stipulatesthereportingstructurefordatamanagementasfollows:“[To]improveFederaldatamanagement…TheheadofeachagencyshalldesignateanonpoliticalappointeeemployeeintheagencyastheChiefDataOfficeroftheagency[who]shallberesponsibleforlifecycledatamanagement…ThereisestablishedintheOfficeofManagementandBudgetaChiefDataOfficerCouncilthatshall(1)establishGovernmentwidebestpracticesfortheuse,protection,dissemination,andgenerationofdata;[and](2)promoteandencouragedatasharingagreementsbetweenagencies.”InJuly2019,aSteeringCommitteeconsistingofeightindividualsfromdifferentpartsoftheresearchdataecosystemwasrecruitedtoassistandadviseinthedevelopmentoftheRDaF.TheRDaFSteeringCommitteemembers,listedinTable1,establishedavaluepropositionfortheRDaFtoincludethefollowingbenefits:ResearchIntegrity:TheRDaFwillenablehigher-quality,reproducible,andbetter-characterizedresearchdata,andtransparencyoftheresearchprocess.CostsandEfficiency:TheRDaFwillaidinestablishingandapplyingbestpracticestoresearchdatamanagementtomaximizeefficiencyandcontrolcosts.

[27][11],旨在創(chuàng)建一個歐洲研究互操作性框架。RDaF領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層將緊跟這一及其他國際努力，以在整個管理研究數(shù)據(jù)的巨大價(jià)值得到了幾份聯(lián)邦文件的有力支持。正如在開放數(shù)據(jù)政策81-0051.PS.TSIN/8206.01/gro.iod//:sptth:morfegrahc81-0051.PS.TSIN/8206.01/gro.iod//:sptth:morfegrahcfoeerfelbaliavasinoitacilbup“將政府信息作為資產(chǎn)進(jìn)行管理將提高運(yùn)營效率、降低成本、改——所有這些都改善了美國人的生活，并對就業(yè)創(chuàng)造做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。[28]；(221st世紀(jì)現(xiàn)代化政府，該文件將利用數(shù)據(jù)作為戰(zhàn)略資產(chǎn)設(shè)定為優(yōu)先目標(biāo)[29]；(32020行動計(jì)劃[302018[25]規(guī)定“[]...每個機(jī)構(gòu)的負(fù)責(zé)人應(yīng)當(dāng)指定一名非政治任命的雇員作為該機(jī)構(gòu)的首席數(shù)據(jù)官[]應(yīng)當(dāng)負(fù)責(zé)全生...在管理和預(yù)算辦公室設(shè)??了一個首席數(shù)據(jù)官委員(1)建??政府層面的數(shù)據(jù)使用、保護(hù)、傳播和生[(2推廣和鼓勵機(jī)構(gòu)之間的數(shù)據(jù)共享協(xié)議?！?0197RDaF的開發(fā)。RDaF1RDaF建立了一個價(jià)值主張，包括以下好處：研究誠信：RDaF將能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)更高質(zhì)量、可重復(fù)且更好表征的研究數(shù)據(jù)，以及研究過程的透明度。成本和效率：RDaFThispublicationisavailablefreeofchargefrom:/10.6028/NIST.SP.1500-RiskManagementandReduction:WhileriskmanagementandreductionpracticesaredesignedtodecreasepotentialThispublicationisavailablefreeofchargefrom:/10.6028/NIST.SP.1500-ScientificDiscoveryandInnovation:Scientificdiscoveryandinnovationarecriticaltoglobalcompetitiveness.TheRDaFwillembracetheFAIRprinciples,whichpromisetoincreasescientificproductivitythroughbetteruseandreuseofresearchPolicyCompliance:TheRDaFwillassistorganizationsinattainingcompliancewithresearchdatamanagementandsharingpoliciesfromfundingorganizationsandTable1.RDaFSteeringCommitteeLauraDepartmentofMercèHarvardJoshuaSloanFunder,privateHilaryResearchDataAllianceInternationaldataHeatherScholarlyPublishingandAcademicResourcesCoalitionAnon-governmentadvocacyorganization,librariesBarendLeidenUniv.,CODATA,GO-Academia,internationaldataBethNationalScienceGovernment,AnitadeScholarlypublisher,privateaMarkLeggott,ResearchDataCanada(government),wasaddedtotheCommitteeinmid-bNowatNationalInstitutesofHealthcNowatIndianaRiskAsstatedintheNISTPrivacyFramework[31],“riskmanagementisacross-organizationalsetofprocessesthathelpsorganizationstounderstandhowtheirsystems,products,andservicesmaycreateproblemsforindividualsortheorganizationandhowtodevelopeffectivesolutionstomanagesuchproblems…riskassessmentsproducetheinformationthatcanhelporganizationsweighthebenefitsofdataprocessing14againsttherisksanddeterminetheappropriateresponse—sometimesreferredtoasproportionality.”Further,theNISTPrivacyFrameworkdemonstratesanapplicationofriskmanagementtodataandprivacy,wherebyanorganization“optimizesbeneficialusesofdatawhileminimizingadverseconsequencesforindividuals’privacyandsocietyasawhole[31].”TheapplicabilityofsimilarriskmanagementandassessmentprocessesforresearchdatawillbeconsideredinthenextversionoftheRDaF.14dataprocessingisacollectivesetofdataactionswhichinclude,butarenotlimitedto,collection,retention,logging,generation,transformation,use,disclosure,sharing,transmission,anddisposal.

們可能會無意中錯失機(jī)會。RDaF將幫助組織評估其當(dāng)前的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)狀況，并創(chuàng)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)與創(chuàng)新:科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)與創(chuàng)新對全球競爭力至關(guān)重要。RDaF將采納FAIR原則，這些原則承諾通過更好地使用和重用研究數(shù)據(jù)來提高科學(xué)生產(chǎn)力。81-0051.PS.TSIN/8206.01/gro.iod//:sptth:morfegrahc81-0051.PS.TSIN/8206.01/gro.iod//:sptth:morfegrahcfoeerfelbaliavasinoitacilbup表1.RDaFLauraMercèHarvardJoshuaSloanHilary國際數(shù)據(jù)組 HeatherBarend萊頓大學(xué)BethAnitade學(xué)術(shù)出版商，私 aMarkLeggott,ResearchDataCanada(government),wasaddedtotheCommitteeinmid-bNowatNationalInstitutesofHealthcNowatIndianaNIST[31],14的益處與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并確定NIST[31]RDaF的下一版本中考慮。ThispublicationisavailablefreeofThispublicationisavailablefreeofchargefrom:/10.6028/NIST.SP.1500-Becauseaframeworkisonlysuccessfulifithasbuy-inandacceptancefromthecommunity,itisimportanttoensurethatawiderangeofvoicesareheard.Forresearchdata,thecommunityincludesbusiness,academia,government,andothertypesofstakeholders.Itinvolvesrolesandplayersthatrepresentallstagesoftheresearchdatalifecycle.Asnoted,theRDaFshouldbeglobalinscopeandreachbecausethenatureandapplicationsofresearchdataareintendedforbroadadoption.ThePreliminaryRDaFdevelopmentprocessisdepictedinthetimelineinFig.1.The“CommunityofInterest”(COI)includestheWorkshopattendeesandotherswhohaveexpressedinterestinfollowingtheprogressoftheRDaF.InitialScopingAsanecessaryfirststep,initialresearchwasconductedtocharacterizethecurrentresearchdatalandscape,including:Stakeholdersandusers(seeAppendixStandardsandtoolsalreadyproducedandinMaturitymodelsandindicators(i.e.,mechanismstoassesstheextentofandsuccessofresearchdatamanagementinanorganization);andRequirementsandgapsinknowledgeofbestpractices,includingresearchdataThepreliminaryscopingstudy,conductedinconsultationwiththeRDaFSteeringCommittee,gaugedstakeholderinterestanddeterminedthebestapproachtocreatingaframeworkthatwouldhavesupportfromandadoptionbyadiversestakeholdercommunity.Fig.1.TimelinefordevelopmentofthePreliminary

初步RDaF的開發(fā)81-0051.PS.TSIN/8206.01/gro.iod//:sptth:morfegrahcfoeerfelbaliavasinoitacilbup究數(shù)據(jù)生命周期所有階段的角色和參與者。如前所述，RDaF應(yīng)具有全球范圍和影響81-0051.PS.TSIN/8206.01/gro.iod//:sptth:morfegrahcfoeerfelbaliavasinoitacilbup利益相關(guān)者和用戶（B）已產(chǎn)生并成熟度模型和指標(biāo)（即，評估組織內(nèi)研究數(shù)據(jù)管理程度和成功性的機(jī)制）；RDaF指導(dǎo)委員會后進(jìn)行，評估了利益相關(guān)者的興趣，并圖1。RDaFThispublicationisavailablefreeofThispublicationisavailablefreeofchargefrom:/10.6028/NIST.SP.1500-TodeterminetheviabilityandtruevalueoftheRDaFasperceivedbythecommunity,aninvitation-onlyStakeholderScopingWorkshopwasheldonDecember5-6,2019attheNISTNationalCybersecurityCenterofExcellenceinGaithersburgMaryland(seeAppendixCfortheagenda).Theco-chairsoftheworkshopwereRobertHanischfromNISTandBonnieCarrollfromInformationInternationalAssociatesandCODATA.TheRDaFSteeringCommitteeassistedwiththetechnicalaspectsoftheworkshop,e.g.,identifyingattendeesandplanningtheagenda.Attheworkshop,50invitedattendeesrepresentedabroadspectrumofstakeholdersencompassingavarietyofjobfunctionswithintheresearchdataecosystem.ThecompletelistofworkshopattendeesisprovidedinAppendixD.Thenumberdistributionofattendees’affiliationsisasfollows:FifteenfromsixgovernmentElevenfromtenU.S.FivefromfourU.S.NationalSevenfromsixSevenfromcompaniesinsixtechnologyFivefromnon-profitAllparticipantsactivelyandenthusiasticallyengagedinbreak-outsessionsandfull-groupdiscussions.ThestructureoftheNISTCybersecurityFrameworkresonatedwiththeworkshopparticipantsandtheyrecommendeditsbasicstructurefortheRDaF.TwoorganizingconceptsfortheFrameworkCorewereconsideredattheWorkshop:aresearchdataecosystemapproach(wheretheemphasisisontheinteractionsbetweenorganizationsandresearchdatamanagementfunctions)oralifecycleapproach,perhapsincludingatop-level“sphereofresponsibility.”Itwasdecidedtouseahybridapproachwhichisserialinnatureandhasdynamicprocessesconcerningresearchdatamanagement.Eachoffourbreak-outgroupsproposedvariouslifecyclestagesfortheco-chairsandRDaFSteeringCommitteememberstoconsiderintheirpost-workshopdeliberations.TherewasconsensusthatbetternationalandinternationalcoordinationisneedednowforbothbasicandappliedresearchdatatoensurethattheU.S.stayscompetitiveandthinksstrategicallyaboutthemanagementofsuchdata,avaluablenationalresource.AllparticipantswereenthusiasticaboutremaininginvolvedintheRDaFdevelopmentanditwasunanimouslyagreedthattheRDaFshouldmoveforward.Thefollowingrecommendationsweremade:NISTisthebestorganizationtoleadthedevelopmentoftheNISTshouldmoveasrapidlyaspossibletosolidifytheplanandseekfundingfromothergovernmentagenciesandorganizations;ThemaintargetuserfortheRDaFisataninstitutionalororganizationallevelsuchasaCDO,i.e.,someonewithbroadresponsibilitiesforthemanagementofresearchdataacrossanorganization;TheRDaFshouldhavevalueforotherroles(i.e.,jobfunctions)inorganizations,suchasresearchers;RegularcommunicationwiththeCOIshouldcontinuebyvariousmeans,e.g.,e-mailupdates,webinars;andTheSteeringCommitteeshouldbeconsultedfrequentlyastheRDaFis

RDaF2019125681-0051.PS.TSIN/8206.01/gro.iod//:sptth:morfegrahcfoeerfelbaliavasinoitacilbup馬里蘭州蓋瑟斯堡的美國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與技術(shù)研究院（NIST）國家網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全卓越中心舉行了一場僅限邀請的利益相關(guān)者范圍工作坊（C）。工作坊的聯(lián)合主席NISTRobert81-0051.PS.TSIN/8206.01/gro.iod//:sptth:morfegrahcfoeerfelbaliavasinoitacilbup所有參與者積極參與并熱情地參與了分組會議和全體討論。NIST網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全框架的結(jié)構(gòu)與研討會參與者產(chǎn)生了共鳴，他們建議將其基本結(jié)構(gòu)用于RDaF。在研討會上考慮管理功能之間的互動）RDaF指導(dǎo)委員會betternationalandinternationalcoordinationisneedednowforbothbasicandappliedresearchdatatoensurethattheU.S.stayscompetitiveandthinksstrategicallyaboutthemanagementofsuchdata,avaluablenationalresource.所有參與者都熱情高漲地希望繼續(xù)參與RDaF的開發(fā)，并且一致同意RDaF應(yīng)NISTRDaFNISTRDaFCDO，即負(fù)責(zé)組織內(nèi)研究數(shù)據(jù)RDaF應(yīng)該對組織中的其他角色（即工作職能）應(yīng)通過多種方式繼續(xù)與COI在RDaF開發(fā)過程中，應(yīng)經(jīng)常咨詢指導(dǎo)委員 Thispublicationisavailablefreeofchargefrom:/10.6028/NIST.SP.1500-Insummary,theworkshopwaseffectiveinbuildingthebaseforThispublicationisavailablefreeofchargefrom:/10.6028/NIST.SP.1500-Inthethreemonthsfollowingtheworkshop,theco-chairsdraftedareportwhichwasvettedbytheRDaFSteeringCommittee.Thisworkshopreport,InitialScopingStudyforaNIST-LedResearchDataFramework(RDaF),wasdistributedonMarch5,2020totheRDaFCOI.ThereportcontainedaninitialFrameworkCorewithsevenFunctions(researchdatalifecyclestages)and44CategoriesandSubcategories(relevanttopicsforthesevenFunctions).InterimStudiesandFromMarch2020toJune2020,twoadditionalreportsweregenerated.Thefirstwasabriefroadmapdocument,partsofwhichareincorporatedinthepresentdocument.ThesecondwasabriefingreportforNISTuppermanagementandincludedabudgetforcontinuationoftheRDaFprojectbeyondthecompletionoftheinitialversionpresentedherein.ScopingofthecurrentresearchdatalandscapecontinuedinthefourbulletedareasgiveninSection2.1andwasusedtorefinetheinitialFrameworkCorementionedinSection2.2.DraftingthePreliminaryInthesevenmonthsfollowingthedistributionoftheworkshopreport,theFrameworkCorewasmodifiedwithinputfromtheRDaFSteeringCommittee.TheresultwasaregroupingoftheinitialsevenFunctionstoformsixFunctions.(SeeSection3.2,FrameworkCore.)AdetaileddescriptionofthePreliminaryRDaFispresentedinthefollowingSection.AdraftversionofthepresentdocumentwasvettedbytheSteeringCommitteeandreleasedtotheRDaFCOIonOctober26,2020.DescriptionofthePreliminaryRDaFRelationshiptoOtherNISTAsstatedinSection2.2,aconsensusdecisionwasmadetobasetheRDaFstructureonthatofthesuccessfulNISTCybersecurityFramework,whichNISTinitiallyissuedinFebruary2014toaddressthesimilarlyemergingandcomplexglobalchallengeofcybersecurity.BoththeNISTCybersecurityandtheNISTPrivacyFrameworkshavethreebasicparts:aFrameworkCore,FrameworkProfiles,andFrameworkImplementationTiers.In