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第09講閱讀理解記敘文類、應(yīng)用文類

目錄

01考情解碼?命題預(yù)警2

02體系構(gòu)建?思維可視4

03核心突破?靶向攻堅(jiān)5

知識(shí)點(diǎn)1細(xì)節(jié)理解題5

知識(shí)點(diǎn)2推理判斷題6

知識(shí)點(diǎn)3詞義推斷題6

知識(shí)點(diǎn)4主旨大意題6

考向1考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題7

考向2督查推理判斷題8

考向3懵查詞義推斷題9

考向4考查主旨大意題10

【思維建?!堪盐瘴恼陆Y(jié)構(gòu);理解故事脈絡(luò)

12

知識(shí)點(diǎn)1直接信息題

知識(shí)點(diǎn)2直接信息題

知識(shí)點(diǎn)3判斷推理題

知識(shí)點(diǎn)4主旨大意題

考向1考查“細(xì)節(jié)研讀”題

考向2爵查“尋找共同點(diǎn)”題12

考向3國(guó)查“文章出處”題17

考向4串查“數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算”題19

【思維建模】定位信息細(xì)比對(duì);排除干擾辨主題

04真題溯源?考向感知24

01

考情解碼-命題預(yù)警

維度記敘文類閱讀(含新聞報(bào)道)應(yīng)用文類閱讀

主題與選材1.人與自然和諧共處(如作家與野兔的故事)1.校園生活(如講座報(bào)名、活動(dòng)通知)

2.社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)(如環(huán)保政策、AI倫理)2.社會(huì)服務(wù)(如志愿者招募、公益倡議)

3.人物故事(如志愿者經(jīng)歷、歷史事件)3.跨文化交流(如文化推介、國(guó)際合作)

4.新聞報(bào)道聚焦科技、健康、文化交流(如糖尿4.科技應(yīng)用(如AI倫理討論、在線平

病研究)臺(tái)使用指南)

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題(60%-70%):直接考查事件要素

1.信息查找題(主要):定位關(guān)鍵信息

或具體信息

(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、要求)

2.推理判斷題(20%-30%):推斷隱含意義或作

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題:確認(rèn)具體內(nèi)容(如格式

題型分布者意圖

要求、步驟)

3.詞義猜測(cè)題(約10%):結(jié)合構(gòu)詞法和語(yǔ)境推

3.應(yīng)用能力題:根據(jù)文本內(nèi)容做出實(shí)際

測(cè)超綱詞或熟詞生義

判斷(如回復(fù)郵件、撰寫通知)

4.主旨大意題:概括文章中心思想或標(biāo)題

變化趨勢(shì)1.閱讀材料直接選用《英國(guó)獨(dú)立報(bào)》《金融時(shí)報(bào)》1.題型從“知識(shí)型”轉(zhuǎn)向“能力應(yīng)用

等外刊原文,真實(shí)性與時(shí)效性增強(qiáng)型”,側(cè)重實(shí)際問題解決

2.推理題和主旨題比例上升,弱化純事實(shí)記憶考2.格式要求從固定模板轉(zhuǎn)向靈活創(chuàng)新,

查鼓勵(lì)個(gè)性化表達(dá)

3.新聞報(bào)道類文章增加,強(qiáng)調(diào)批判性思維(如分3.跨文化任務(wù)增加,要求結(jié)合本土與國(guó)

析正反觀點(diǎn))際視角

02

體系構(gòu)建-思維可視

03

核心突破-靶向攻堅(jiān)

?考點(diǎn)一、考查閱讀記敘文或新聞報(bào)道類?

知識(shí)點(diǎn)01細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題順藤摸瓜

記敘文中有大量的事件發(fā)展過程中的細(xì)節(jié),包括記敘文的5W(what,who,when,where,why)要素。因

此作答細(xì)節(jié)題的時(shí)候,就沒有那么復(fù)雜,一般只需要由前到后,從上到下,一題一題地做就可以了。

(2025?上海奉賢?二模)

CustomizingcarsbecamepopularafterWorldWarII,becausepeoplesoughtsomethingpersonaltoexpress

theirindividuality.Carclubsemerged,andtheappetitefornewvehiclesgrew,especiallyamongthewealthy.The

bigautomobilecompaniesdidnotventureintothismarket,leavingthefieldopentoindependentoperatorssuchas

GeorgeBarrisandothers.However,nobodycouldmatchBarris'sskillinthisfield.

2.WhatwastheprimaryreasonfortheriseofcarcustomizationafterWorldWarII?

A.Theriseofcarclubsdemandingexclusivedesigns

B.Theinnovationsinautomotiveproductiontechnology

C.People'sgrowingappetitefordistinctiveself-expression

D.Post-wareconomicrecoveryboostingconsumerspending

【答案】2.C

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"CustomizingcarsbecamepopularafterWorldWarII,becausepeoplesought

somethingpersonaltoexpresstheirindividuality.Carclubsemerged,andtheappetitefornewvehiclesgrew,

especiallyamongthewealthy』第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后,定制汽車開始流行起來(lái),因?yàn)槿藗儗で笠恍﹤€(gè)性化的東西

來(lái)表達(dá)他們的個(gè)性。汽車俱樂部出現(xiàn)了,對(duì)新車的需求也在增長(zhǎng),尤其是在富人中)”可知,第二次世界大戰(zhàn)

后汽車定制興起的主要原因是人們對(duì)與眾不同的自我表達(dá)的胃口越來(lái)越大。故選Co

知識(shí)點(diǎn)02推理推斷題……左顧右盼

在做題過程中,我們大都不能在文中找到與題干一字不差的詞語(yǔ)或句子。這時(shí)我們需要認(rèn)真研究問題,抓

住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ),然后到文中準(zhǔn)確地找到與之相關(guān)的語(yǔ)句,或是疑似語(yǔ)句的位置,接著去左顧,或右

盼,在前句或后句尋找線索。

(2025?上海虹口?二模)It'seighto5clockonChristmasmorning,anddadsayshewantstolistentothenews.

My11-year-oldselfiswonderingwhyonEarthgrown-upswouldbeinterestedinthenewswhenthereare

importantthingstobedone,suchashandingoutpresents.Andthen,whileIamonlyhalf-listeningtotheradio

broadcast,somethingunusualhappens:theboringnewsreaderbeginstalkingaboutaChristmasmessage.Hadn't

weheardthatreportearlier?

Myolderbrother,Colin,figuresoutwhafshappening.4Tete,Pete,ifsataperecorder!We'vegotourtape

recorder!

Itfinallydawnsonme:mydadrecordedthenewsandisplayingitbacknow.

1.WhydiddadwanttolistentothenewsonChristmasmorning?

A.Heexpectedtogivetheboysasurprise.

B.Hewaspostponinghandingouthispresents.

C.Hehadalwaysenjoyedlisteningtothenews.

D.HemissedtheChristmasnewsthedaybefore.

【答案】LA

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在圣誕節(jié)收到一臺(tái)錄音機(jī)作為禮物的故事,以及這臺(tái)錄音機(jī)

如何激發(fā)了他對(duì)聲音和廣播的興趣,最終改變了他的職業(yè)道路。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的句子“My11-year-oldselfiswonderingwhyonEarthgrown-upswouldbe

interestedinthenewswhenthereareimportantthingstobedone,suchashandingoutpresents.(ll歲的我在想,為

什么成年人在有重要的事情要做的時(shí)候會(huì)對(duì)新聞感興趣,比如發(fā)禮物。廣、第二段“Myolderbrother,Colin,

figuresoutwhafshappening."Pete,Pete,it'sataperecorder!We'vegotourtaperecorder!”(我哥哥科林知道發(fā)生

了什么?!捌ぬ兀ぬ?,這是錄音機(jī)!”我們有錄音機(jī)!")"、第三段的句子“Itfinallydawnsonme:mydadrecorded

thenewsandisplayingitbacknow.(我終于明白:父親提前錄好新聞并回放)“以及第四段的句子力thinkifs

quiteraretoexperiencerealexcitementoverapresent,butformethiswasoneofthoseraremoments.(我覺得為——

件禮物而感到真正的興奮是非常罕見的,但對(duì)我來(lái)說,這是一個(gè)罕見的時(shí)刻。)”可知,父親通過偽裝成新聞

播報(bào),實(shí)際播放錄音機(jī)功能演示,目的是制造驚喜。故選A項(xiàng)。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)3詞義句意推測(cè)題撥云見日

閱讀題中,特別是記敘文的閱讀題,都會(huì)出現(xiàn)一至兩道句意或詞義猜測(cè)題。而這些詞匯往往是與你素昧平

生的,或者和你有點(diǎn)頭之交的,在文中卻另有新意的,總之,猜的是那些在詞匯表要求之外的詞匯。小小

的一個(gè)詞,一個(gè)短語(yǔ),考核的不是你的語(yǔ)法的熟練程度,也不是你的記憶力,而是你對(duì)文章通篇或者一個(gè)

段落的整體把握和變通能力。

(2025年閔行一模)

Everyyear,millionsoftonsofclothingarethrownaside,withalmosthalfofitendingupinlandfills.And

here'sthekicker,mostofitbarelygetswornbeforeit'sthrownaway,thankstotheendlesscycleoffastfashion.

Parkthought,candobetterthanthis."So,shepicturedanewkindofstoreonethatwouldn'tjustreduce

wastebutwouldalsoinspirepeopletomakesmarter,greenerchoices.

37.Thephrase“thekicker“inparagraph2mostlikelymeans.

A.thepersonkickingthefootballB.somethingunexpectedandsurprising

C.themostexcitingpartofthesituationD.thereasonwhyfastfashionissuccessful

【答案】37.B

[37題詳解】

詞義猜測(cè)題。前文提至!!“Everyyear,millionsoftonsofclothingarethrownaside,withalmosthalfofitendingup

inlandfills.”(每年數(shù)百萬(wàn)噸衣服被丟棄,近一半最終進(jìn)入垃圾填埋場(chǎng)),接著說t4thekicker:mostofitbarely

getswornbeforeit'sthrownaway,thankstotheendlesscycleoffastfashion.^^,大多數(shù)衣服在幾乎沒怎么穿就被

扔掉,這一情況在“每年大量衣服被丟棄”的基礎(chǔ)上,是更令人意想不到和驚訝的。所以“thekicker”意思

是意想不到且令人驚訝的事,答案選Bo

知識(shí)點(diǎn)4主旨大意或?qū)懽饕鈭D推斷—刨根問底

如前所述,主旨大意推理判斷、作者意圖題等實(shí)際上是同一類型的問題,或者說是可用同種方法解答的題

型。在解答此類題目的時(shí)候,不可被題干的表象所迷惑,要像剝洋蔥一樣,一層一層地剝;在四個(gè)可選項(xiàng)

中,一個(gè)一個(gè)地去證實(shí),去排除。特別是解答推論或暗指類的題目,比如“Whatcanbeinferred”或

>t4Whatdoestheauthorimplyin...?”之類的題目,文中所陳述的往往不是答案。我們要在文前文后去查找,

在字里行間里去尋覓。有時(shí)還少不了借助自己的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常理來(lái)

體會(huì)這言外之意。

(2025年浦東新區(qū)一模)

Iwasn'tpreparedtobeaclimaterefugee.NotafterrelocatingmyfamilyfromdroughtandwildfireCalifornia

tothe“climateshelter^^ofAsheville,N.C.Butlessthantwomonthsafterwemovedintoourdelightfullywooded,

mild-weathercommunity,wewereforcedtoleave.

OnSeptember26,thehurricanemadeitswayinlandfromtheGulfofMexicothroughFlorida,Georgiaand

SouthCarolina.Alongitspath,ittoreapartcommunityaftercommunity.AndthenithitwesternAppalachia.At

2,000feetabovesealeveland300milesfromthecoast,Ashevilleisaplacewherepeoplewenttogetawayfrom

destructivehurricanes.

Thatnight,Icouldn'tsleep.Treescrasheddownaroundmyhomeasemergencyalertssoundedonmyphone.

Powerlineswentdown.Roadsflooded.DespitebeingwithinamileoftheFrenchBroadRiver,wewerenottoldto

撤離)aheadofthestorm.

Whenwehearditwouldtakeweeksorlongertorestorebasicservices,Imadeplansformyfamilytoleave

town.Wewerelucky——welivedneartheonehighwaythatwasopen,andhadafulltankofgasandaplacetogo.

SoonSundayweleftAshevilletostaywithfamilyontheOuterBanks.

39.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Consequencesofahurricane

B.Measuresagainstthedisaster

C.AnewbeginninginAsheville

D.Anaccountofaclimaterefugee

【答案】39.D

【39題詳解】

主旨大意題。文章整體圍繞作者原本想躲避災(zāi)害搬到阿什維爾,卻又遭遇颶風(fēng),最終成為氣候難民不得不

再次離開的經(jīng)歷來(lái)展開敘述的,所以""Anaccountofaclimaterefugee(一個(gè)氣候難民的敘述)”作為標(biāo)題最

合適,能夠概括文章主旨。故選D。

考向1事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【考向破譯】

在做直接事實(shí)題時(shí),要抓住題干文字信息,采用針對(duì)性方法進(jìn)行閱讀,因?yàn)檫@類題的答案在文章中可

以直接找到。做間接事實(shí)題時(shí),需要結(jié)合上下文提供的語(yǔ)境和信息進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的概括和判斷或者要進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單

的計(jì)算。數(shù)據(jù)推算題要求學(xué)生就文章提供的數(shù)據(jù),以及數(shù)據(jù)與文中其他信息的關(guān)系做簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算和推斷。在

做此類題時(shí):1.要抓住并正確理解與數(shù)據(jù)有關(guān)的信息含義。2.弄清眾多信息中那些屬于有用信息,那些屬于

干擾信息。3.不要孤立看待數(shù)字信息,而要抓住一些關(guān)鍵用語(yǔ)的意義。

?精準(zhǔn)定位:仔細(xì)閱讀題目,確定關(guān)鍵詞(如人名、地名、時(shí)間、事件等),然后在新聞報(bào)道中快速定

位包含這些關(guān)鍵詞的句子或段落。

?比對(duì)信息:將選項(xiàng)與定位到的原文內(nèi)容逐字比對(duì)。注意選項(xiàng)中的細(xì)節(jié)表述與原文是否完全一致,包括

數(shù)字、范圍、程度等。

(2024青浦二模)

Butinthedepression,arealizationbegantodawnonme——Ihadfailed,yes,butIhadalsolearnedvaluable

lessonsalongtheway.Armedwiththisnewfoundwisdom,IensuredthatIwoulddobetternexttime.Ithrew

myselfintomystudieswithreneweddetermination,devouringbooksandpracticingpastexamswithaneagerness

Ihadneverknownbefore.

57.Whatdidtheauthordoafterhefailedintheexam?

A.Heattendedvaluablelessonsinschool.

B.Heretooktheexamoverandoveragain.

C.Hepromisedtoarmhimselfwitheagerness.

D.Hedeterminedtoengagehimselfinlearning.

【答案】D

[57題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段中"Ithrewmyselfintomystudieswithreneweddetermination,devouringbooksand

practicingpastexamswithaneagernessIhadneverknownbefore.(我以全新的決心投入到學(xué)習(xí)中,如饑似渴地

啃書本,以前所未有的熱情復(fù)習(xí)過去的考試。)”可知,作者考試不及格后決心專心學(xué)習(xí)。故選D。

,草意摩朗]

APilgrimagetoMontBlanc

Itwasonagreywinter'sdayinmyparents5houseoutsideGlasgowthatIfirstsuggestedMontBlancin

summer.IknewIshouldmakemoreefforttospendtimewithmy74-year-olddad,butwhatIwasproposingathis

agewasarisk.Aten-dayhikearoundoneofEurope?shighestmountainsseemedalittleextreme.

“Oldagedoesn'tcomealone/9hereplied,implyingthememorylossfromarecentlife-threateningstroke.

Yet,tostirmemoryinlong-forgottenfootprintsseemedliketherightthingtodo.Webookedaflight,andfour

monthslater,arrivedintheshadowofMontBlancinChamonix,France.

Tocapturethemoment,Itookaphoto,butonlythendiditdawnonmethatitwasnearlythesame

compositionasonaslideIhadfirstseeninoneofthosejunkboxes.Therewasthatsmile,thoseeyesfixedonthe

horizon,thebeautifulAlpineridgesofMontBlanccrowdingoutthebackground.Forasplitsecond,itlookedasif

nothinghadchanged.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatmainlymotivatedtheauthortotakehisfatheronahikearoundMontBlanc?

A.Hisfather^oldageandpoorhealth.

B.Hisfather^memorylossfromastroke.

C.Hisdreamoftravelingwithhisfatheragain.

D.HiswishtovisitoneofEurope?shighestmountains.

4.Whatdidtheauthorrealizeaftertakingthefamilypicture?

A.Itwasnevertoolatetoaccompanyhisfather.

B.Heandhisfatherchangedwithtimepassingby.

C.Everythingchangeswithtimeexceptthemountains.

D.Thefather^passionforthemountainsdidn'tfadewithage.

【答案】1.B4.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者帶著74歲的父親去攀登勃朗峰的故事。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段",Oldagedoesn'tcomealone/hereplied,implyingthememorylossfroma

recentlife-threateningstroke.Yet,tostirmemoryinlong-forgottenfootprintsseemedliketherightthingtodo.We

bookedaflight,andfourmonthslater,arrivedintheshadowofMontBlancinChamonix,France.(他回答說:“衰

老不是獨(dú)自來(lái)的。”他的意思是說,最近一次危及生命的中風(fēng)導(dǎo)致了記憶力喪失。然而,在被遺忘已久的足

跡中喚起記憶似乎是正確的事情。我們訂了機(jī)票,四個(gè)月后,我們到達(dá)了法國(guó)夏蒙尼的勃朗峰。)”可知,是

父親的中風(fēng)導(dǎo)致記憶力喪失,促使作者帶著父親去法國(guó)夏蒙尼的勃朗峰遠(yuǎn)足。故選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Tocapturethemoment,Itookaphoto,butonlythendiditdawnonmethatit

wasnearlythesamecompositionasonaslideIhadfirstseeninoneofthosejunkboxes.Therewasthatsmile,

thoseeyesfixedonthehorizon,thebeautifulAlpineridgesofMontBlanccrowdingoutthebackground.Fora

splitsecond,itlookedasifnothinghadchanged.(為了捕捉這一刻,我拍了一張照片,但直到那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到,

這張照片的構(gòu)圖與我第一次在一個(gè)垃圾箱里看到的幻燈片幾乎是一樣的。那是微笑,那雙眼睛盯著地平線,

美麗的阿爾卑斯山脈勃朗峰襯托著背景。有那么一瞬間,一切似乎都沒有改變。戶作者覺得一切似乎是沒有

改變的,與第一次在一個(gè)垃圾箱里看到的幻燈片幾乎是一樣的,可知,作者父親對(duì)登山的熱愛仍未改變。

故選D。

InatownnearthePotomacRiver,GeorgeandAnneAllen,both82,struggletoremainintheirbeloved

three-storyhouseandneighborhood.Mr.Allenhashadtroublewalkingsincehebrokehisbackboneinafalldown

thestairs,andheexpectstolosehisdriver'slicensewhenitcomesupforrenewalgivenhisphysicalstate.Mrs.

Allenrecentlygotherfoothurtgettingoutofbed.Neithercanclimbuptochangethelightorbendunderthesink

tofixaleak.Withoutoutsidehelp,storesandpubliclocationsmeanunimaginablehikestothem.

Forinspiration,"'aginginplace^^groupsnowpayyearlydues一$580foranindividualinexchangeforthe

securityofknowingthatcarpenters,chefs,computerexpertsorhomehealthhelpersareonephonecallaway.

36.WhatisNOTmentionedasaproblemtheAllensmeetwith?

A.Physicalweaknessduetothebrokenbone.

B.Possiblelossofdriver'slicenseduetobreakingtrafficrules.

C.Failuretohandlecertainfixingtasksduetolimitedmobility.

D.Difficultyintravelingtopublicplacesaloneduetophysicalcondition.

37.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.PeoplelikeAllensgathertoliveinaspecialplaceforsharedelderlycaring.

B.ThegovernmentarrangesnecessaryservicesforpeoplelikeAllens.

C.Seniorpeoplegiveup“aginginplace^^lifemainlyoutofpressurefromchildren.

D.”Aginginplace,,peoplepaytohavenecessaryservicestaffoncall.

【答案】36,B37.D

【解析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了關(guān)于老年人如何在社區(qū)中保持獨(dú)立生活,以及一個(gè)由居民

自發(fā)組織的運(yùn)動(dòng),旨在使社區(qū)成為老年人舒適生活的地方的現(xiàn)象。

【36題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第——段"InatownnearthePotomacRiver,GeorgeandAnneAllen,both82,struggleto

remainintheirbelovedthree-storyhouseandneighborhood.Mr.Allenhashadtroublewalkingsincehebrokehis

backboneinafalldownthestairs,andheexpectstolosehisdriver'slicensewhenitcomesupforrenewalgiven

hisphysicalstate.Mrs.Allenrecentlygotherfoothurtgettingoutofbed.Neithercanclimbuptochangethelight

orbendunderthesinktofixaleak.Withoutoutsidehelp,storesandpubliclocationsmeanunimaginablehikesto

them.(在波托馬克河附近的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上,82歲的George和AnneAllen夫婦正努力留在他們心愛的三層樓房

和社區(qū)里。Allen先生自從在樓梯上摔倒摔斷了脊椎后,走路就一直很困難,而且考慮到他的身體狀況,他

在駕照到期續(xù)簽時(shí)可能會(huì)失去駕駛資格。Allen太太最近下床時(shí)不小心弄傷了腳。他們倆都無(wú)法爬上梯子去

換燈泡,也無(wú)法在洗碗池下彎腰修理漏水。如果沒有外界的幫助,對(duì)他們來(lái)說,去商店和公共場(chǎng)所將意味

著難以想象的艱難跋涉)”可知,選項(xiàng)A、C和D都是Allen夫婦所遇到的問題。選項(xiàng)B'Tossiblelossofdriver飛

licenseduetobreakingtrafficrules.(因違反交通規(guī)則而可能失去駕照)”并未提及。故選B。

【37題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Forinspiration,"aginginplace"groupsnowpayyearlydues—$580foran

individualinexchangeforthesecurityofknowingthatcarpenters,chefs,computerexpertsorhomehealthhelpers

areonephonecallaway.(為了獲得啟發(fā),“就地養(yǎng)老”團(tuán)體現(xiàn)在每年支付會(huì)費(fèi)個(gè)人580美元,以此換取安

全保障,知道木匠、廚師、計(jì)算機(jī)專家或家庭健康助手只需一個(gè)電話就能隨叫隨到)”可知,“就地養(yǎng)老”團(tuán)體

現(xiàn)在每年支付會(huì)費(fèi),以確保知道木匠、廚師、計(jì)算機(jī)專家或家庭健康助手只需一個(gè)電話就能隨叫隨到。故

選D。

考向2推理判斷題

【考向破譯】

推理題要求考生根據(jù)文章提供的事實(shí)和線索進(jìn)行邏輯推理,推斷出作者沒有提到或者沒有明說的事實(shí)

或者可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)。這類題旨在考查學(xué)生透過詞語(yǔ)的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力,

屬于深層理解題。推斷題是屬于難度較高的一類題型,需要學(xué)生在理解原文字面意思的基礎(chǔ)上,通過分析

語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)在邏輯和理解其中的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容的暗示,理解文章深層意義和隱含意義,然后作出一定的推理判斷,

切忌憑空猜想,而要以原文內(nèi)容為依據(jù),對(duì)文章信息細(xì)致分析、深入挖掘,揭示其深層含義,同時(shí)也要注

意避免過度推斷。

區(qū)間定位是快速定位的重要手段之T,使用區(qū)間定位能夠幫助學(xué)生在沒有完全讀懂原文的情況下盡可

能答對(duì)較多的題。

?抓住關(guān)鍵信息進(jìn)行推理:善于捕捉文章中的關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ),利用這些信息進(jìn)行分析、推理和判斷,從

而推斷出隱含的深層含義。

?結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和常識(shí):利用文章的語(yǔ)境和已知常識(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理,如通過語(yǔ)境的褒貶性來(lái)推斷人物心理、

作者意圖等。

?區(qū)分觀點(diǎn)與事實(shí):明確文章中哪些是作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度,哪些是客觀事實(shí),避免將作者的觀點(diǎn)誤認(rèn)為

事實(shí)。

(2024虹口二模)

ThenIsawBoruagain.Hetoldmehow,overtwoyears,he'dfoundajobheloves,rentedaflatwithafriend.

He'snowcyclingroundtheworld,havingadventuresthatwillkeephimstrongfortherestofhislife.Sowhat

changed?”Youstarttohavethoseconversationswithyourself,andyoubecomemoreofanhonestperson.Idon't

feellikeFmhidingfromanythinganymore,becauseI'mnothidingfrommyself.^^

57.WhatcriticallessondidtheauthorlearnfromBoruaboutbeingagoodgrown-up?

A.Itinvolveshavingaclearcareerpathandfinancialstability.

B.Itrequiresconstantself-improvementandeducation.

C.Itmeansbeingemployedandlivingindependently.

D.Itislikeajourneyofself-discoveryandhonesty.

【答案】D

【57題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“"Youstarttohavethoseconversationswithyourself,andyoubecomemoreof

anhonestperson.Idon'tfeellikeI'mhidingfromanythinganymore,becauseI'mnothidingfrommyself.^^(“你開

始與自己進(jìn)行這些對(duì)話,你變得更誠(chéng)實(shí)了。我不再覺得我在隱瞞任何事情,因?yàn)槲覜]有隱瞞自己。'')可知,

博魯教會(huì)了作者,成為一個(gè)好成年人就像是一次自我發(fā)現(xiàn)和誠(chéng)實(shí)的旅程。故選D。

InruralSouthAfrica,16teamsofwomen,allofusover50yearsold,participatedinthisinaugural(開幕的)

event——theGranniesInternationalFootballTournament.Itwas13yearsinthemaking,builtondreamsanda

friendshipthatcrossescontinents.

Theorganizer,BekaNtsanwisi——awell-knowncommunityactivistandcancersurvivor——foundedthe

originalteamofsoccer-playinggrandmothersaged40to80,some15yearsago,toimprovetheirhealth.Atfirstthe

localslaughedatthemandtoldthemtheybelongedathomecaringfortheirgrandchildren.Butateamdoctor

recordedresultsfromtheirregularexercise:improvedmobility,loweredbloodpressureandbetterdigestion.

In2010,theinternationalspotlightlandedtheteamaninvitationtotravelandplayinatournamentin

Massachusetts-fromyourstruly.LiketheGrannies,IfoundsoccerlaterinlifeandmyLexington,Massachusetts

teammatesareamongmybestfriends.Bekarepliedtomyinvitationwithouthesitation:t4Wewillcome,mysister.9,

InJuly2010,15GranniesstreamedthroughtheBostonairport.Theywowed(博得稱贊)uswiththeirdancingon

thesidelinesofthefieldandtheirenthusiasmforlife.Andduringthatvisit,Bekaannounced,"'BeforeIdie,Iwant

tohostaGranniesWorldCup.”

InMarch,2023,Beka's13-yearwishtohostaGranniesinternationaltournamentwasfinallyandjoyfully

met.Thetournament,heldinthetownofNkowankowa,wasintenseasFrance,Zambia,threeSouthAfricanteams,

andallthreeU.S.teamsenteredthequarterfinalsonthefourthandfinalday.Myteamwouldsettleforsecond

place,buttheU.S.Breakers,alsofromMassachusetts,heldthe3-foot-talltrophy(獎(jiǎng)杯)intheair.Thegoalie(守

門員)presentedthetrophytoBekaandthehostGranniesteam,withoutwhomthiseventwouldneverhavetaken

place.WeknowBekaisthetruechampion.

Forme,theGranniestournamentwasanextraordinarygift,anexperienceIwillneverforget.Forallofus,

weholdontoourmemoriesofbondingwith,oursoccersisters.

1.Whatcanbeimpliedfromparagraph1?

A.Ittooklongtomakethetournamentareality.

B.Thetournamentaimstohelpgranniesmakefriends.

C.Thesewomen'steamsconsistofprofessionalfootballplayers.

D.Thetournamentcausedastirintheinternationalfootballcommunity.

2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheoriginalteamfoundedbyBeka?

A.Itwas13yearsinthemaking.B.Itreceivedsupportfromthelocals.

C.Itpromotedthewellbeingofitsmembers.D.Itconsistedofmiddleagedwomenplayers.

【答案】LB2.C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了在南非農(nóng)村,16支由50多歲的女性組成的球隊(duì)參加了奶奶國(guó)際足

球錦標(biāo)賽的首場(chǎng)比賽。

1.推理判斷題。通讀全文,根據(jù)第一段“InruralSouthAfrica,16teamsofwomen,allofusover50yearsold,

participatedinthisinaugural(開幕的)event-theGranniesInternationa]FootballTournament.Itwas13yearsin

themaking,builtondreamsandafriendshipthatcrossescontinents.(在南非農(nóng)村,16支由50多歲的女性組成的

球隊(duì)參加了這場(chǎng)首場(chǎng)比賽奶奶國(guó)際足球錦標(biāo)賽。它經(jīng)歷了13年的發(fā)展,建立在跨越大陸的夢(mèng)想和友誼

之上。廣可知,比賽的目的之一是幫助老奶奶們交朋友。故選B項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theorganizer,BekaNtsanwisi一awell-knowncommunityactivistandcancer

survivor—foundedtheoriginalteamofsoccer-playinggrandmothersaged40to80,some15yearsago,to

improvetheirhealth.(組織者BekaNtsanwisi是一位著名的社區(qū)活動(dòng)家和癌癥幸存者,大約15年前,她成立

了一支由40到80歲的老奶奶組成的足球隊(duì),以改善她們的健康狀況。)”可知,Beka最初創(chuàng)建的團(tuán)隊(duì)是為

了促進(jìn)了其成員的福祉。故選C項(xiàng)。

考向3詞義、句意猜測(cè)題

【考向破譯】

詞義猜測(cè)閱讀理解題考查對(duì)文中關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)的理解,旨在考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文推斷詞匯和短語(yǔ)的能力,包括

超綱詞義、熟詞生義、代詞的指代關(guān)系、俗語(yǔ)、特殊表達(dá)等,因此學(xué)生不僅需要加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)境中的理解推斷能

力,也需要在平時(shí)注意積累和擴(kuò)大詞匯量。

詞義推斷題有時(shí)候可以同時(shí)運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法、語(yǔ)境和代入法,短語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)義高度依賴上下文內(nèi)容和邏輯。

?利用上下文語(yǔ)境:通過閱讀上下文,根據(jù)已知的信息或常識(shí)來(lái)推測(cè)生詞或短語(yǔ)的含義。

?借助語(yǔ)法知識(shí):根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)法關(guān)系來(lái)判斷詞義,如通過句子成分、從句關(guān)系等來(lái)推斷。

?注意詞義的多義性和搭配:一個(gè)詞可能有多個(gè)義項(xiàng),要結(jié)合上下文選擇最合適的詞義;同時(shí)注意詞與

詞之間的搭配習(xí)慣。

(2024奉賢二模)

Wemetfordinner,perhapstwohours,andrarelyhadIfeltateasewithotherhumansasIdidwithhim.We

talkedandtalked.Aboutwhowewerethen.Whowearenow.Andwhatmadeusthejerks(混蛋)wewerethen.

Weacknowledgedthatifnotforeachother,andthecirclesofgoodpeopleweranwithbackthen,thegoodfriends

whokeptusreasonablyontrackandincheck,lifecouldhaveeasilygooesouthforeitherofus.Eachofusrecalled

thingstheotherhadnomemoryof.Fragmentsofmemories,scatteredyetprecious.Weknowweweretightthen,

andwevaluethatfriendshipandsharedexperiencestilltoday.

38.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“l(fā)ifecouldhaveeasilygonesouthforeitherofus”?

A.Theycouldhaveeasilybeenoffthetrackinlife.

B.Theymighthavesettleddowninthesouthernregion.

C.Theirfriendshipcouldhaveeasilyturnedsour.

D.Theycouldhavefacedfinancialdifficulties.

【答案】A

【38題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Weacknowledgedthatifnotforeachother,andthecirclesofgoodpeopleweran

withbackthen,thegoodfriendswhokeptusreasonablyontrackandincheck,(我們承認(rèn),如果不是彼止匕,以及

當(dāng)年我們相處的那些良師益友圈子,那些好朋友讓我們保持在相對(duì)正確的軌道上)”可推知,劃線句表達(dá)我們

的生活很可能早已偏離正軌,與A項(xiàng)“他們本可以輕而易舉地偏離人生軌道”意義相近。故選A項(xiàng)。

TheSewingMachineProjectcoversabasicyetnecessaryneedofmanyimpoverishedpeoplearoundthe

world.Forthem,sewingcanbeatoolforsurvival.Whetherinafactoryorathome,asewingmachinecanbethe

doortobrighterfinancialopportunities.Asewingmachinecanalsoenablemanytopreservetheirculturalidentity.

AfterHurricaneKatrinaoccurredin2005,acommunityofNewOrleansthatwearsskillfully-madesuitsfortheir

owntraditionalfestivallostmanyoftheirsewingmachines.Sincethen,thenon-profitorganizationhasdistributed

hundredsofmachinesamongthecreatorsofthecostumes,helpingthemmaintaintheirtraditionaswellastheir

income.

19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"impoverished"inparagraph4mean?

A.uneducated.B.badly-off.C.exhausted.D.pessimistic.

【答案】19.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了瑪格麗特?揚(yáng)科夫斯基創(chuàng)立了一個(gè)公益組織,募集舊

縫紉機(jī)并重新分配給有需要的人們,幫他們維持生計(jì),同時(shí)也使人們能夠保留他們的文化認(rèn)同的故事。

19.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中“TheSewingMachineProjectcoversabasicyetnecessaryneedofmany

impoverishedpeoplearoundtheworld.(縫紉機(jī)項(xiàng)目滿足了世界各地許多impoverished人的基本需求。)"和"For

them,sewingcanbeatoolforsurvival.Whetherinafactoryorathome,asewingmachinecanbethedoorto

brighterfinancialopportunities.(對(duì)他們來(lái)說,縫紉是一種生存的工具。無(wú)論是在工廠還是在家里,一臺(tái)縫紉

機(jī)都可以是通往更光明的財(cái)務(wù)機(jī)會(huì)的大門。)”可知,縫紉機(jī)是他們的生存工具,是通往更光明的財(cái)務(wù)機(jī)會(huì)的

大門,由此可知句中的

"them"是窮人,them指代impoverrishedpeople。因此,impoverished意為“貧困的"。A.uneducated沒受過教

育的;B.badly-off窮的,生活拮據(jù)的;C.exhausted精疲力盡的;D.pessimistic悲觀的。故選B。

Thefirstandonlyfungus(真菌)onaglobalconservationgroup's'"25MostWantedList”,thebigpuma

fungus,whichisactuallyquitesmall,hasbeenfoundintherainymountainsofChile,almost40yearsafteritwas

firstdocumented.

ThemysteriousspeciesoffungithatlivesundergroundinChile?sNahuelbutaMountainshadonlyeverbeen

foundinthewildonce.AnexpeditionteamfromtheFungiFoundationinChilesetoutforthetemperateforestsof

theNahuelbutasinMay2023toretracethefootstepsofChileanmycologist(真菌學(xué)家)NorbertoGarrido,who

discoveredthebigpumafungusanddescribedittoWesternsciencein1988.

TheytimedtheexpeditiontocoincidewiththeexactdatesinMaythatGarridohadhikedthemountains

morethan40yearsearlier.ctIfspossiblethatthereproductivepartsofthebigpumafungus-themushroom一are

onlyfadinglyvisibleabovethesoilonthesamefewdayseachyear,whichmadethetimingofthemissionacrucial

factor,saidClaudiaBustamante,amycologistandmemberoftheexpeditionteam.

31.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"'coincidewith“inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Putoff.B.Correspondto.C.Workout.D.Dealwith.

【答案】31.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道,主要講述了時(shí)隔40多年,真菌基金會(huì)的一個(gè)探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)在智利山區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)了大型

美洲獅真菌,這對(duì)保護(hù)工作具有深遠(yuǎn)意義。

31.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中畫線短語(yǔ)后的"It'spossiblethatthereproductivepartsofthebigpumafungus—

themushroom—areonlyfadinglyvisibleabovethesoilonthesamefewdayseachyear,whichmadethetiming

ofthemissionacrucialfactor(很有可能,大型美洲獅真菌的繁殖部分一蘑菇一每年只有在相同的幾天才

會(huì)逐漸在土壤上顯現(xiàn)出來(lái),這使得任務(wù)的時(shí)機(jī)成為一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素)”可知,這里是說這支隊(duì)伍探險(xiǎn)的時(shí)間和

Garrido在40多年前進(jìn)山的日

溫馨提示

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