寧波市2022年第一學(xué)期期末九校聯(lián)考高二英語試題

本試卷分第I卷（選擇題）和第n卷（非選擇題）。滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。

注意事項：

1.答第I卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。

2.選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦

干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。不能答在本試卷上，否則無效。

第I卷

第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)：（共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。

聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

1.Whattimewasthewomansupposedtoarrive?

A.At9:15B.At9:30.C.At9:45.

2.WhatisRachelgoingtodothisWednesday?

A.Gotoawedding.B.Haveabirthdayparty.C.Gotoagraduationparty.

3.Whatistheman?

A.Apoet.B.Ateacher.C.Areporter.

4.Whatmatchisthemanwatchingnow?

A.Diving.B.Swimming.C.Tabletennis.

5.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Atahotel.B.Inarestaurant.C.Attheairport.

第二節(jié)：（共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中

選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各

小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Buyingsomefurniture.B.Makinguseofspace.C.Preparingforaparty.

7.Whatarethespeakersgoingtoputintheroom?

A.Someflowers.B.Sometables.C.Somecandles.

聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.Whydoesthewomanlookgreat?

A.Becausesheoftenworksout.

B.Becausesheisalwaysstrictwithherself.

C.Becauseshetakesworkhomedaily.

9.WhatdoesAnnado?

A.Achef.B.Aboss.C.Atrainer.

10.WhatdoesthemanplantodonextMonday?

A.Finishhisproject.B.Takeyogacourses.C.Attendalecture.

聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。

11.Whatisthemandoingnow?

A.Havingaholiday.B.Lookingforahotel.C.Bookingaticket.

12.Whichofthefollowingwillthemanchoose?

A.OceanWavesResort.B.FarmhouseGetaways.C.SparklingSprings.

13.Whereistheparkinglotofthehotel?

A.Oppositethehospital.B.Attheendoftheroad.C.Neartheriver.

聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。

14.WhafsBT1?

A.Asubway.B.Ahighway.C.Ahigh-speedtrain.

15.WhatadvantagesdoesChinahaveoverBritaininhigh-speedtrainprojects?

A.Lowercostandfasterspeedofcompletion.

B.Smarterdesignandbetterquality.

C.Lesslabourandpotentialproblems.

16.WhatdoesthemanthinkofChineseprojects?

A.Average.B.Frightening.C.Impressive.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?

A.Threetypesoftravel.

B.Theprosandconsoftravel.

C.Theadvantagesofsolotravel.

18.Whichofthefollowingdoesthespeakermention?

A.Travellingwithcompanionslowersthecosts.

B.Travellingalonemeansmoremomentsofloneliness.

C.Beingasolotravellermakesiteasiertomakefriends.

19.WhoisCharlotteKelly?

A.Aretiredprogrammer.

B.Ahostoftheradioshow.

C.Aguestonnextweek'sshow.

20.Whatwillbetalkedaboutnexttime?

A.Idealdestinationsforsolotravellers.

B.Howtobuildconfidenceandsocialskills.

C.Waystomakefriendsduringsolotravel.

第二部分：閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)：（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

2電a?????

IMPROVEYOURWRITINGWRITINGINSPIRATIONGETPlBLISHEDRESOURCES

Foundedin1887,TheWriteraimstoexpandandsupporttheworkofprofessionalwriterswitha

straightforwardpresentationofindustryinformation,writinginstructionandprofessionalandpersonalmotivation.

Ifyou'repassionateaboutbooks,authors,andwriting,you511findeverythingyouneedwithinourpages12times

ayear.

Oureditorsareinterestedinqueryletters（投稿信）onconcretetopicswrittenbyemergingandexperienced

writers.Wearelookingforcleartakeawayforourreaders:Whatcantheylearntoimprovetheirwritingoradvance

theircareers?Whatspecifichow-totipsandstrategieswillaccomplishthis?

Inadditiontoafleshed-outoutlineofyourstoryideaandanestimatedwordcount,queriesshouldincludea

briefdescriptionofyourbackground.Forpersonalessays,wepreferwriterstoattachorpastethefinishedpiece

intheirqueryemail.Wedonotacceptmaterialthathasbeenpreviouslypublishedinanyforminprintoronline.

Queriesshouldbesentbye-mailtotweditorial@.Allqueriessenttoanyotheraddresswillbe

deleted.

Unfortunately,wereceivehundredsofletterseveryweekandcannotrespondtoallofthem.Ifyouhaven't

heardfromusintwoweeks,pleasefeelfreetomoveyoursubmission（投稿）toanotherpublication.Ifyou're

unfamiliarwithourmagazine,werecommendreadingafewissues,subscribing,oratleastsigningupforour

newslettertogetafeelforthekindofworkwepublish.

Articlelengthsvarywidelyfrom300to3,000words.

Wepreferelectronicqueries.Pleasedonotmailqueries.

Paymentvaries.

ThankyouforconsideringasubmissiontoTheWritermagazine,thevoiceofimagination,creation,and

publicationsince1887.

1.AccordingtothepassageTheWritermagazine.

A.providespracticalsuggestionsonawritingcareer.

B.respondstoallthequerylettersfromthereaders.

C.introducessuccessfulwritersandtheirworksonly.

D.prefershandwrittenqueriestoelectronicones.

2.Whensendingaqueryletter,acontributormust.

A.answerthethreequestionsfirst

B.attachaprintedversionofthestory

C.includeabriefself-introduction

D.subscribetothemagazine

3.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

A.Magazinerecommendations.B.Submissionguidelines.

C.Publishedstories.D.Subscriptioninformation.

【答案】l.A2.C3.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要是關(guān)于給雜志丁淀的淞廠投稿的指南。

【1題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Foundedin1887,TheWriteraimstoexpandandsupporttheworkofprofessional

writerswithastraightforwardpresentationofindustryinformation,writinginstructionandprofessionaland

personalmotivation.（成立于1887年，作家的目的是擴大和支持專業(yè)作家的工作，直接介紹行業(yè)信息，

寫作指導(dǎo)和專業(yè)和個人的動機。）可知，雜志T船汕泥廠會提供寫作指導(dǎo)。故選A。

【2題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inadditiontoafleshed-outoutlineofyourstoryideaandanestimatedwordcount,

queriesshouldincludeabriefdescriptionofyourbackground.（除了對你故事想法有一個充實的大綱和一

個估計的字數(shù)，投稿信也應(yīng)該包括你的背景的簡短描述。）可知，投稿信需要包含簡要的個人簡介。故選

Co

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。通讀全文，文章第一段簡要的地介紹了雜志刀ze防旄廠的相關(guān)信息，進而接下來的內(nèi)容中提

到了投稿信需要注意的細節(jié)。黑體字"Wepreferelectronicqueries.Pleasedonotmailqueries.??（我們更喜

歡電子投稿。請不要郵寄投稿。）最后一段中“ThankyouforconsideringasubmissiontoTheWriter

magazine"（感謝您考慮給雜志W(wǎng)h/er投稿），可知，文章主要是關(guān)于給雜志W(wǎng)7淞r投稿的指南。

故選B。

B

McDonald'sispartneringwiththeWhiteHousetopromotevaccination（疫苗接種）informationonitscoffee

cupsashesitancygrowsabouttakingthepotentiallylife-savingshot.

BeginninginJuly,customersintheUnitedStateswillseeredesignedMcCafecupsanddeliverysealstickers

thatfeatures"WeCanDoThis”,aslogan（口號）createdbytheUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesto

promotevaccineconfidence.Italsoincludesawebsiteaddress()thatdirectspeopletonearby

appointmentsandsafetyinformation.

Thepromotionwilllastseveralweeksandthesloganwillbeprintedonroughly50millioncups.Priortothat,

McDonald'ssaiditsbillboardinNewYork'sTimesSquarelocationwillalsodisplayvaccineinformationbeginning

inmid-May."Weallwanttoprotectourselvesandourlovedonesandbetogetherwithourcommunitiesagain,said

GennaGent,McDonald'sUSAvicepresidentforglobalpublicpolicyandgovernmentrelations.XavierBecerra,the

HealthandHumanServicessecretary,said,"Thepublic-privatepartnershipwillhelpmorepeoplemakeinformed

decisionsabouttheirhealthandlearnaboutstepstheycantaketoprotectthemselvesandtheircommunities.^^

McDonald'swasn'tpaidbythegovernmentforthispromotion,accordingtoapersonfamiliarwiththecampaign.

The“WeCanDoThis^^campaignwasannouncedinMarchandaimedatencouraginghesitantAmericanstoget

vaccinated.InaKaiserFamilyFoundationsurvey,47%ofpeoplewhosaytheywantto“waitandsee“beforebeing

vaccinatedsaidpaidtimeofftogetitwouldmakethemmorelikelytodoso,and39%saidafinancialallowanceof

$200fromtheiremployerwouldwork.TheUSvaccinationratehasdeclinedfromitspeaklastmonth,pushing

officialstoworkoutnewideastofurtherencouragethecautious,hesitantandinaccessibletogetvaccinated.Sofar,

morethan150millionpeopleintheUShavereceivedatleastonedose(齊!J量)ofthevaccine.

4.WhydoesMcDonald'sredesignitsMeCafecups?

A.Topromoteitscoffeesales.

B.Toencouragepeopletogetvaccined.

C.Toraisepublicsafetyawareness.

D.Tobidforgovernmentinvestment.

5.WhatdoweknowabouttheMcDonald'scampaign?

A.Thesloganistobedisplayedinmid-May.

B.Thegovernmentprovidesfinancialsupport.

C.McDonald'sdoublesitseffortsforpublichealth.

D.McDonald'sassistspeopleinmakingappointments.

6.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthevaccinationrate?

A.Employerscanplayavitalpart.

B.Governmenteffortswereinvain.

C.People'sbusyworkslowsitdown.

D.Nextmonthwillwitnessanincrease.

7.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Agovernmentdocument.B.Anadvertisement.

C.Atouristbrochure.D.Anewspaper.

【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道。麥當(dāng)勞正在與白宮合作，在其咖啡杯上推廣疫苗接種信息，通過此種行為，

鼓勵人們?nèi)ソ臃N疫苗。

【4題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"McDonald'sispartneringwiththeWhiteHousetopromotevaccination（疫苗接

種）informationonitscoffeecupsashesitancygrowsabouttakingthepotentiallylife-savingshot.”（麥當(dāng)勞正與

白宮合作，在其咖啡杯上推廣疫苗接種信息，因為人們對接種這種可能挽救生命的疫苗越來越猶豫不

決。）麥當(dāng)勞在其咖啡杯上推廣疫苗接種信息，可推知重新設(shè)計其咖啡杯是為了鼓勵人們接種疫苗。故選

B?

【5題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thepromotionwilllastseveralweeksandthesloganwillbeprintedonroughly50

millioncups.Priortothat,McDonald'ssaiditsbillboardinNewYork'sTimesSquarelocationwillalsodisplay

vaccineinformationbeginninginmid-May.”Weallwanttoprotectourselvesandourlovedonesandbetogether

withourcommunitiesagain,“saidGennaGent,McDonald'sUSAvicepresidentforglobalpublicpolicyand

governmentrelations.w（宣傳活動將持續(xù)數(shù)周，口號將印在大約5000萬個杯子上。在此之前，麥當(dāng)勞表

示，它在紐約時代廣場的廣告牌也將從5月中旬開始顯示疫苗信息。麥當(dāng)勞美國分公司負責(zé)全球公共政策

和政府關(guān)系的副總裁根特（GennaGent）說：“我們都想保護自己和我們所愛的人，再次與我們的社區(qū)團結(jié)

在一起?！保┛赏浦湲?dāng)勞為了公共衛(wèi)生的安全做出了積極地努力。故選C。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“InaKaiserFamilyFoundationsurvey,47%ofpeoplewhosaytheywantto

“waitandsee“beforebeingvaccinatedsaidpaidtimeofftogetitwouldmakethemmorelikelytodoso,and39%

saidafinancialallowanceof$200fromtheiremployerwouldwork.v（在Kaiser家庭基金會的一項調(diào)查中，

47%的人說他們想在接種疫苗之前“等等看”，而帶薪休假會讓他們更有可能（接種疫苗）；39%的人說雇

主給他們200美元的經(jīng)濟補貼會起作用。）可知，在接種疫苗問題上，人們猶豫的緣由在于經(jīng)濟拮據(jù)，而

雇主若提供帶薪休假或經(jīng)濟補貼則會讓人們愿意去接種。所以雇主是可以發(fā)揮至關(guān)重要的作用。故選A。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段"McDonahTsispartneringwiththeWhiteHousetopromote

vaccination（疫苗接種）informationonitscoffeecupsashesitancygrowsabouttakingthepotentiallylife-saving

shot.”（麥當(dāng)勞正與白宮合作，在其咖啡杯上推廣疫苗接種信息，因為人們對接種這種可能挽救生命的疫

苗越來越猶豫不決。）可知，麥當(dāng)勞正在與白宮合作，在其咖啡杯上推廣疫苗接種信息，通過此種行為，

鼓勵人們?nèi)ソ臃N疫苗。因而文章屬于新聞報道，所以文章最有可能在報紙上看到。故選D。

C

Astuffynoseisusuallynothingtoworryabout;ifsmostlyjustuncomfortable,withvaryingsymptoms.t6For

somepeople,it'shavingsomethingstickyinthenoseorafeelingthattheairwaysareblockedandthere9sadeclining

senseofsmell.^^saysDr.AhmadSedaghat,adirectorofRhinologyattheUniversityofCincinnatiCollegeof

Medicine.

Actually,COVID-19mightcauseastuffynoseinsomecases,althoughitwasn'tontheoriginallistofCOVID

symptoms.ClassicsymptomsoftheSARS-CoV-2initialvariant（變體）includedfever,acough,bodyachesandpains,

shortnessofbreathandalossoftasteandsmell-withoutastuffynose.However,theDeltavariantisdifferent.It's

oftenassociatedwithsymptomsofacommoncold,likeastuffyorrunnynoseandsorethroat.Butthereissomething

thatneedstokeepinmind.

OneisthattheDeltavariantstillresultsinthelossoftasteandsmell,andit'sfar-reaching.Sedaghatsaysthafs

becausetheCOVIDviruscaninfectthetastebuds."Whenyoulosesmellwithastuffynose,youcanstilltastesweet,

salty,bitterorsour.ButthatabilityiswipedoutwithCOVID.There'snotasteatall.^^hesays.

TheothertoconsiderindistinguishingCOVIDfromastuffynose:vaccination（接種疫苗），accompanying

symptomsandhealthhistory."Ifyou'refullyvaccinatedagainstCOVIDandyouhaveaknownhistoryofallergies,

thenastuffynosewithoutanyothersymptomsislikelyallergies.Ifyou'renotvaccinated,wearelesssure.But

anyonewho'shadapotentialexposuretosomeonewithCOVIDshouldbemonitoredclosely.99Sedaghatadvises.

8.WhatisthedistinctionbetweentheSARS-CoV-2variantandtheDeltavariant?

A.Astuffynose.

B.Thechanceofrecovery.

C.Thelossoftaste.

D.Thedeathrate.

9.WhatistypicalofCOVIDvirusaccordingtoParagraph3?

A.Itleadstobreathingproblems.

B.Itcauseshighfevereventually.

C.Ithasthesamesymptomsasflu.

D.Itgivesrisetoatotallossoftaste.

10.Howisthelastparagraphdeveloped?

A.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.

B.Bymakingassumptionsandreasoning.

C.Bylistingexamples.

D.Bycomparingdata.

11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthistext?

A.HowtoDealwithStuffyNose

B.TheResearchonCOVID-19

C.StuffyNoseandCOVID-19

D.WaystoIdentifyVirusVariants

【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是篇說明文。鼻塞是一種常見現(xiàn)象，文章講述了因新冠病毒和德爾塔變體而引起的鼻塞和相

關(guān)癥狀，以及與其它原因所造成的鼻塞之間的區(qū)別。

【8題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段uClassicsymptomsoftheSARS-CoV-2initialvariant（變體）includedfever,acough,

bodyachesandpains,shortnessofbreathandalossoftasteandsmell-withoutastuffynose.”（SARS-CoV-2初

始變體的經(jīng)典癥狀包括發(fā)燒、咳嗽、身體疼痛、呼吸短促以及味覺和嗅覺喪失一但沒有鼻塞。）可知，

SARS-CoV-2變體沒有鼻塞癥狀；結(jié)合第二段^It9softenassociatedwithsymptomsofacommoncold,likea

stuffyorrunnynoseandsorethroat.（它通常與普通感冒的癥狀有關(guān)，比如鼻塞或流鼻涕和喉嚨痛。）可

知，Delta變體有鼻塞癥狀，所以二者的區(qū)別在于鼻塞。故選A。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“that'sbecausetheCOVIDviruscaninfectthetastebuds."（這是因為新冠病毒可

以感染味蕾。）和“ButthatabilityiswipedoutwithCOVID.There9snotasteatall.”（但這種能力在新冠中消

失了，一點味道都沒有了。）可知，新冠病毒可以感染味蕾，造成味覺的完全消失，這是它的典型特征。

故選D。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Ifyou'refullyvaccinatedagainstCOVIDandyouhaveaknownhistoryof

allergies,thenastuffynosewithoutanyothersymptomsislikelyallergies.Ifyou'renotvaccinated,weareless

sure."（如果你完全接種了新冠疫苗，并且有已知的過敏史，那么沒有任何其他癥狀的鼻塞可能是過敏。

如果你沒有接種疫苗，我們就不太確定了。）可知，這是用了假設(shè)的方式；由“Butanyonewho，shada

potentialexposuretosomeonewithCOVIDshouldbemonitoredclosely.（但任何與新冠患者有潛在接觸的人

都應(yīng)該密切監(jiān)測。）可知，這是用了推理的方式；所以最后一段是以假設(shè)和推理的方式展開的。故選B。

【11題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段首句“Astuffynoseisusuallynothingtoworryabout”（鼻塞通常沒什么好擔(dān)心

的）和第二段^Actually,COVID-19mightcauseastuffynoseinsomecases（事實上，新冠病毒在某些情

況下可能會導(dǎo)致鼻塞）并結(jié)合全文可知，本文主要講述的是新冠病毒引起的鼻塞和相關(guān)癥狀，以及與其它

原因引起的鼻塞之間的區(qū)分；本文的關(guān)鍵詞就是"stuffynose"和"COVID-19"。故選C。

D

Anewstudycombininglinguistic,geneticandarchaeologicalevidencehastracedtheoriginsofthefamilyof

languagesincludingmodemJapanese,Korean,TurkishandMongolianandthepeoplewhospeakthemtomillet

（粟）farmerswhoinhabitedaregioninnortheasternChinaabout9,000yearsago.

ThefindingsdetailedonWednesdaydocumentasharedgeneticancestryforthehundredsofmillionsof

peoplewhospeakwhattheresearcherscallTranseurasianlanguagesacrossanareastretchingmorethan8,000

kilometers.

Thefindingsillustratehowhumankind'sembraceofagriculturefollowingtheIceAgepoweredthe

movementsofsomeoftheworld'smajorlanguagefamilies.Milletwasanimportantearlycropashunter-gatherers

transitionedtoanagriculturallifestyle.

Thereare98Transeurasianlanguages.Thislanguagefamily'sbeginningsweretracedtomilletfarmersinthe

LiaoRivervalley,anareaincludingpartsoftheChineseprovincesofLiaoningandJilinandtheregionofInner

Mongolia.AsthesefarmersmovedacrossnortheasternAsia,thedescendantlanguagesspreadnorthandwestinto

SiberiaandeastintoKoreaandovertheseatoJapanoverthousandsofyears.

Theresearchstressedthecomplexbeginningsformodempopulationsandcultures.

""Acceptingthattherootsofone'slanguage,cultureorpeopleliebeyondthepresentnationalboundariesisa

kindofsurrenderofidentity,whichsomepeoplearenotyetpreparedtomake,^^saidcomparativelinguistMartine

Robbeets,leadauthorofthestudypublishedinthejournalNature.

“PowerfillnationssuchasJapan,KoreaandChinaareoftenpicturedasrepresentingonelanguage,oneculture

andonegeneticprofile.Butatruthisthatalllanguages,culturesandhumans,includingthoseinAsia,aremixed,“

Robbeetsadded.

TheoriginsofmodemChineselanguagesaroseindependently,thoughinasimilarfashion,withmilletalso

involved.WhiletheancestorsoftheTranseurasianlanguagesgrewmilletintheLiaoRivervalley,theoriginatorsof

theSino-TibetanlanguagefamilyfarmedmilletatroughlythesametimeinChina'sYellowRiverregion,paving

thewayforaseparatelanguageexpansion.

12.Whatisthenewstudymainlyabout?

A.Themigrationroutesofmilletfarmers.

B.Theancientoriginsofalargelanguagefamily.

C.ThedifferentancestriesofTranseurasianspeakers.

D.Thesharedfeaturesofsomeneighboringlanguages.

13.WhatfueledthespreadofTranseurasianlanguages?

A.Thetransitionofpower.B.Thediversityoflifestyles.

C.Theinteractionofcultures.D.Theadoptionoffarming.

14.AccordingtoRobbeets,whomayfeeluncomfortableaboutthenewfindings?

A.Thosefromagriculturalcountries.

B.Thosewhodenytheirculturalidentity.

C.Thosewithastrongsenseofnationalism.

D.Thosewhoareafraidtocrossboundaries.

15.Whatisthemainfunctionofthelastparagraph?

A.Todrawaconclusion.

B.Topresentlikelyconsequences.

C.Tohighlightthetheme.

D.Toofferadditionalinformation.

【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.D

【解析】

【分析】本篇是說明文，主要講了發(fā)表在《自然》期刊上的一項最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，包括日語，韓語，土耳其

語和蒙古語在內(nèi)的泛歐亞語系起源于9000年前的中國東北。農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展推動了語言的傳播。

【12題詳解】

主旨大意題。由第一段uAnewstudycombininglinguistic,geneticandarchaeologicalevidencehastracedthe

originsofthefamilyoflanguagesincludingmodernJapanese,Korean,TurkishandMongolianandthepeoplewho

speakthemtomillet（粟）farmerswhoinhabitedaregioninnortheasternChinaabout9,000yearsago”（一項結(jié)

合語言學(xué)、遺傳學(xué)和考古學(xué)證據(jù)的新研究追溯了現(xiàn)代日語、韓語、土耳其語和蒙古語等語言家族的起源，

以及與居住在中國東北地區(qū)約9000年前的黍農(nóng)民說這些語言的人）可知，第一段主要講了一支大語族的

古代起源。故選B。

【13題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。由第三自然段第一句話"Thefindingsillustratehowhumankind'sembraceofagriculture

followingtheIceAgepoweredthemovementsofsomeoftheworld'smajorlanguagefamilies.w（研究結(jié)果說明

了人類在冰河時代之后對農(nóng)業(yè)的接受如何推動了世界上一些主要語系的運動。）可知，是農(nóng)業(yè)推動了世界

主要語系的發(fā)展。故選D。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。由第六段"Acceptingthattherootsofone'slanguage,cultureorpeopleliebeyondthepresent

nationalboundariesisakindofsurrenderofidentity,whichsomepeoplearenotyetpreparedtomake,"（接受一

個人的語言、文化或民族的根源超出目前的國界是一種身份的放棄，有些人還沒有準(zhǔn)備好）可知，他認為

承認自己的語言，文化或祖先來自境外，是一種身份的屈服，有些人接受不了。在四個選項中強烈的民族

主義者比較符合這個群體畫像。故選C。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。由最后一段“TheoriginsofmodemChineselanguagesaroseindependently,thoughinasimilar

fashion,"（現(xiàn)代漢語的起源以類似的方式獨立出現(xiàn)）可知，最后一段主要講了現(xiàn)代漢語的起源，從最后一

段可知漢藏語系和泛歐亞語系是獨立的。而前文主要探討的是泛歐亞語系，所以這里是補充額外信息。故

選D。

第二節(jié)：（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選

項。

Howmuchtimedoyouspenddoingresearchbeforeyoumakeadecision?Therearepeoplewhogoover

everydetailexhaustivelybeforemakingachoice.16Psychologistscallthiswayofthinkingacognitive

bias（偏見）,atendencytowardaspecificmentalmistake.

Tostudy’jumping”,weexamineddecision-makingpatternsamongmorethan600peoplefromthegeneral

population.Wefoundthatjumpersmademoreerrorsthannon-jumpersonproblemsthatrequirethoughtful

analysis.17InaquizaboutUScivics,theyoverestimatedthechancethattheiranswerswereright

significantlymorethanotherparticipantsdid-evenwhentheiranswerswerewrong.

Sowhatisbehind"（jumping,,?Psychologicalresearcherscommonlydistinguishbetweentwopathwaysof

thought:automaticsystem,whichreflectsideasthatcometothemindeasily,spontaneouslyandwithouteffort,and

controlledsystemincludingconsciousandeffortfulreasoning.Jumpersandnonjumpersareequallyinfluencedby

automaticthoughts.18

Itisthecontrolledsystemthathelpspeoplecounterbalancementalbiasesintroducedbytheautomaticsystem.

Asaresult,jumpersweremorelikelytoaccepttheconclusionsmadeatfirstblushwithoutfurtherquestioning.A

lackofcontrolledthinkingisalsomorebroadlyconnectedtotheirproblematicbeliefsandfaultyreasoning.

19Amethodcalledmetacognitivetrainingcanbeusedtotargettheirbiases,whichcanhelppeople

thinkmoredeliberatively.Inthistraining,participantsareconfrontedwiththeirownbiases.Theycanlearnabout

themisstepsandotherwaysofthinkingthroughtheproblemathand.Ithelpstochipawayatparticipants?

overconfidence.

Ineverydaylife,thequestionofwhetherweshouldthinkthingsthroughorinsteadgowithourgutisa

frequentandimportantone.20Sometimesthemostimportantdecisionwemakecanbetotakesome

moretimebeforemakingachoice.

A.Happily,theremaybesomehopeforjumpers.

B.Also,jumpershadproblemswithoverconfidence.

C.Butafairnumberofindividualsarequicktojumptoconclusions.

D.Itiscertainlypossibleforthemtooverthinkthingstotakeadecision.

E.Weplantocontinuetheworktotraceotherproblemsintroducedbyjumping.

F.Thejumpers,however,didnotengageincontrolledreasoningtothesamedegreeasnon-jumpers.

G.Recentstudiesshowthatevengatheringjustalittlebitmoreevidencemayhelpusavoidamajormistake.

【答案】16.C17.B18.F19.A20.G

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章指出相較于按照直覺行事，深思熟慮對我們更有幫助。但一種叫元認知訓(xùn)

練的方法可以幫助那些急于得出結(jié)論的人。

【16題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Howmuchtimedoyouspenddoingresearchbeforeyoumakeadecision?Therearepeoplewhogo

overeverydetailexhaustivelybeforemakingachoice.（你在做決定之前花了多少時間做研究？有些人在做出

選擇之前會仔細考慮每一個細節(jié)）”結(jié)合下文提到了jumper”急于得出結(jié)論的人”可知，呼應(yīng)上文仔細考

慮每一個細節(jié)的人，空處應(yīng)提出另一種人——急于得出結(jié)論的人。C項“但相當(dāng)一部分人很快就會得出結(jié)

論”符合題意，與上文內(nèi)容形成對比。故選C。

【17題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Wefoundthatjumpersmademoreerrorsthannon-jumpersonproblemsthatrequirethoughtful

analysis.（我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在需要深思熟慮分析的問題上，急于得出結(jié)論的人比仔細思考的人犯的錯誤更

多）"和下文"InaquizaboutUScivics,theyoverestimatedthechancethattheiranswerswereright

significantlymorethanotherparticipantsdid-evenwhentheiranswerswerewrong.（在一■次關(guān)于美國公民的測

驗中，他們大大高估了自己答案正確的幾率一即使他們的答案是錯誤的）”推知，急于得出結(jié)論的人不

僅容易犯錯，而且過于自信，即使在答案是錯誤的情況下還高估答案正確的幾率。B項“此外，急于得出

結(jié)論的人也有過度自信的問題”符合題意，呈上啟下。故選B。

【18題詳解】

空處位于段末應(yīng)承接上文。根據(jù)上文uautomaticsystem,whichreflectsideasthatcometothemindeasily,

spontaneouslyandwithouteffort,andcontrolledsystemincludingconsciousandeffortfulreasoning.Jumpersand

nonjumpersareequallyinfluencedbyautomaticthoughts.（自動系統(tǒng)，反映容易、自發(fā)且無需努力就能進入

大腦的想法，以及控制系統(tǒng)，包括有意識和輕松的推理。急于得出結(jié)論的人和仔細思考者同樣受到自動思

維的影響）”可知，兩類人都受到自動思維的影響。但因為是兩種不同的人，因此他們在受影響的程度，

或思維模式方面可能有所不同。F項“然而，急于得出結(jié)論的人并沒有像仔細思考者那樣進行控制推理”

符合題意，承接上文，指出了他們的不同之處。故選F。

【19題詳解】

空處位于段首，應(yīng)開啟下文。根據(jù)下文“Amethodcalledmetacognitivetrainingcanbeusedtotargettheir

biases,whichcanhelppeoplethinkmoredeliberatively.Inthistraining,participantsareconfrontedwiththeirown

biases.Theycanlearnaboutthemisstepsandotherwaysofthinkingthroughtheproblemathand.Ithelpstochip

awayatparticipants9overconfidence.（一種叫做元認知訓(xùn)練的方法可以用來針對他們的偏見，這可以幫助人

們更慎重地思考。在這個培訓(xùn)中，參與者要面對自己的偏見。他們可以學(xué)習(xí)到錯誤的地方和思考問題的其

他方法。它有助于消除參與者的過度自信）”可知，有方法幫助急于得出結(jié)論的人克服他們的問題，消除

過度自信。A項“幸運的是，急于得出結(jié)論者可能還有一些希望”符合題意。故選A。

【20題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Ineverydaylife,thequestionofwhetherweshouldthinkthingsthroughorinsteadgowithourgutisa

frequentandimportantone.（在日常生活中，我們是應(yīng)該深思熟慮，還是按照直覺行事，這是一個常見而重

要的問題）"和下文"Sometimesthemostimportantdecisionwemakecanbetotakesomemoretimebefore

makingachoice.（有時候，我們做出的最重要決定可能要做出選擇之前多花些時間）”可知，相較于按照

直覺行事，深思熟慮對我們更有幫助。G項“最近的研究表明，即使只收集了一點更多的證據(jù)，也可以幫

助我們避免重大錯誤”符合題意。故選G。

第三部分：語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)：完形填空（共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳

選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。

Aftergraduation,Idecidedtotakethegymseriously.Accompaniedbyafriend,I21aroutineof

walkingonthetreadmill（跑步機）.Iwas22withourroutineinthegym.Myfriend,however,became

bored.

Oneday,hesuggestedthatwe23anoutdoorsport.Iwasanuncoordinated（動作不協(xié)調(diào)的）person,so

I24hisidea.

Butseveralweekslater,hemanagedto25metostepontoanoutdoorracquetball（美式壁球）court.

WhenIhittheball,IsentitflyingineverydirectionexceptthedirectionthatIhad26.Still,somehow,I

triedhardtolearnitandbecame27afterconstantlypracticing.

“We'