16閱讀理解解題技巧

第一部分題型解題技巧

一、閱讀理解題型介紹

閱讀理解主要考查考生對(duì)閱讀材料的理解能力及材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。閱讀理解短文中考主

要文體包括應(yīng)用文、記敘文、說明文和議論文，考點(diǎn)包括細(xì)節(jié)理解、主旨大意、詞義猜測(cè)、推理判斷、觀

點(diǎn)態(tài)度、寫作意圖、段落大意、標(biāo)題歸納等。

二、閱讀理解題型做題技巧

一、分門別類識(shí)別文體。

記敘文閱讀主要抓六大要素，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)、人物和事件的起因經(jīng)過和結(jié)果。除此之外，還要注意人物之

間的關(guān)系、表現(xiàn)，再?gòu)闹蟹治鋈宋锏乃枷肫焚|(zhì)、性格特征等。

議論文是闡明對(duì)人或事的立場(chǎng)觀點(diǎn)，因此在閱讀時(shí)必須正確把握文章的論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)，理清論證思路，

再進(jìn)行邏輯推理從而得出結(jié)論。

應(yīng)用文能站近日常生活的文體，它包括通知、廣告、便條、中清書、個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷等，形式多樣，對(duì)這類

文體的閱讀應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章內(nèi)容。

二、統(tǒng)覽全篇摘錄要點(diǎn)

閱讀理解是對(duì)整前文章的目的、意園、觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、志度以及內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系的理解，而不是斷章取

義的孔之見，所以統(tǒng)覽全篇和問題是很有必要的，這些問題會(huì)給你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要細(xì)節(jié)。

在統(tǒng)覽全篇的同時(shí)要注意要點(diǎn)的摘錄，因?yàn)樾╋@性的答案是可以從要點(diǎn)中直接獲取的，而隱性的答案

則是要通過對(duì)全篇的理解才能得出。抽錄要點(diǎn)亦有利于檢查時(shí)節(jié)省時(shí)間。

三、開動(dòng)腦筋推測(cè)詞義

初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)基本要求規(guī)定，學(xué)生能根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)詞義，并能不借助詞典讀懂含有3%生詞的語(yǔ)言材

料。換言之，這就是促使學(xué)生的知識(shí)內(nèi)化的過程，學(xué)生要通過知識(shí)內(nèi)化將內(nèi)隱的心理活動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換為外顯的行

為，可以借助以下幾種方法完成內(nèi)化過程：

(1)根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)調(diào)義。

(2)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義。

前緩un表反義詞，如happyunhappy;fairunfair;importantunimportant等。

綴ment表名詞,如developdevelopment;statestatement;argueargument等。

后最er、or或ist表同源名詞，如calculatecalculator;visitvisitor;lawlawyer;artartist等。

四、用知識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)理解短文

如根據(jù)化學(xué)知識(shí)，可以理解Walterismadefromoxygenandhydrogen;根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以理解Greenplants

letoutoxygenandbreatheincarbondioxide.

還有一種方法是根據(jù)邏輯推理理解短文。逆細(xì)推理實(shí)際上就是文章的弦外之音”“言下之意”。

五、條分縷析理解長(zhǎng)旬

物型，相生間選理制的對(duì)點(diǎn)之一，長(zhǎng)句中酒常包含并列、復(fù)合、倒裝等結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)于這類句子要分清主

次先批出包句子的主、謂、賓、定、狀、補(bǔ)，再找出修飾它的從句短語(yǔ)等經(jīng)過分析，化整為零，化默為簡(jiǎn)，

此句就不難理解了。

第二部分閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練（含解析）

Ourliveshavebeemoredigitalinthemodernworld.Wecanstudy,findinformationandmunicatewith

friendsthroughputersandphones.However,spendingalotoftimeworking,reading,textingandgamingthrough

digitaldevicesisbadforoureyes.

AccordingtotheAmericanOptometricAssociation,70to75percentofputerworkershaveeyeproblems.

Digitaleyestrain（視疲勞）isoneofthemostmonproblems.Peoplewithdigitaleyestrainmaygetheadaches,

dryandredeyes,eyepain,wateringandotherproblems.

Theseproblemshavestartedtoincreaseamongchildren."'Childrengetcellphonesatyoungeragesandare

usingthemveryoftenduringtheday,“SarahHinkley,spokeswomanfortheAmericanOptometricAssociation,told

USAToday.

Thegoodnewsitthattherearemanythingsyoucandotoreducedigitaleyestrain.

Whenusingaputer,firstsitinyourchairandreachoutyourarm.Yourhandshouldrestfortablyonthescreen,

asifyou'rehighflyingthescreen.Putsomebooksundertheputeruntilyoureyesfeelfortable.

Whenyouareusingamobilephone,keepitatleast30cmfromyoureyesandjustbeloweyelevel.Trynotto

useitundersunlight.

Remembertotakea202020break:every20minutes,takea20secondbreakandlookatsomething20feet

（about6meters）away.

1.WhatdoweknowfromSarahHinkley?

A.Childrencaneasilygeteyestrain.

B.Childrenshouldn'tusecellphones.

C.Morechildrenareusingdigitaldevicesveryoften.

D.Usingcellphonescancausemanyproblems.

2.Whenweusephones,weshould.

A.usethemundersunlightB.turnoffthelights

C.keepthemjustbeloweyelevelD.keepthemclosetooureyes

3.Thestorygivessuggestionsabout.

a.howtouseputerssafely

b.Howtousephonessafely

c.whentotakebreaksfromelectronicdevices

d.howtocleanyoureyes

A.abcB.abdC.acdD.bed

Long,longago,therewasamannamedHans.Helivedinaverysmallhousebyhimself,andeverydayhe

workedinhisgarden.Hanshadmanyfriends,butthemostdevoted（忠誠(chéng)的）friendwastheMiller.

TheMillerwassodevotedtoHansthatwhenhewentpastHan'sgarden,healwayspickedsomeflowersand

fruitfromthetree."Realfriendsmustshareeverything,theMilleroftensaid,andlittleHansenjoyedthegood

ideaverymuch.

SometimesHan'sotherfriendsthoughtitwasstrangethattherichMillernevergavelittleHansanythingin

return（回報(bào)）,butHansneverthoughtaboutthis.HelikedtolistentotheMillertalkaboutdevotedfriendship.

Duringspringandsummerandautumn,Hansworkedinhisgardenandwasveryhappy,butwhenwintercame

andhehadnofruitorflowerstosell,hewasoftencoldandhungry.HewasverylonelybecausetheMillernever

cametoseehimthen.

“ThereisnogoodreasonformetoseeHansinwinter,theMillersaidtohiswife."Whenpeoplearenot

happy,wemustleavethemalone（讓他彳門獨(dú)自待著）andshouldn'ttalktothem.SoIshallwaittillspringes,and

thenhewillgivemelotsofflowersandfruit,andthatwillmakehimveryhappy.”

“Youthinksomuchaboutothers,answeredhiswife.

“Butwhydon'tweaskHanstoehere?^^saidtheMiller'syoungestson."IfpoorHansisunhappy,Icangive

himhalfmyfbod.^^

“Whatafoolishboyyouare!”criedtheMiller.4tIfHanseshere,andseesourwarmfire,andourgoodfood,and

ourredwine（酒），hewillenvy（妒忌）us,andenvyisnotagoodthingtofeel.ItwillmakeHansabadman.Also,if

Hanseshere,hewillaskmetogivehimsomeflour（面粉），andthatIcannotdo.Flourisonething,andfriendship

isanother.Thetwowordsaredifferentandtheymean（意思）quitedifferently,too.”

―From《TheHappyPrince》

4.Hansthinks.

A.realfriendsmustshareeverythingB.flourisonething,andfriendshipisanother

C.thereisnogoodreasonfortheMillertoseehiminwinter.D.whenpeoplearenothappy,weshouldn'ttalkto

them

5.TheMillernevervisitedHansinwinter,because.

A.Hansdidn'twantvisitorsinwinterB.theMillerhasnotimetovisitHansinwinter

C.Hanscouldn'tgiveanythingtohimatthattimeD.theMillerwasn'tstrongenoughtogoatthattime

6.Theunderlinedword"foolish“means.

A.聰明的B.善良的C.愚蠢的D.慷慨的

7.Thebesttitle（題目）forthispassagemaybe.

A.ThepoorHansB.AdevotedfriendC.TherichMillerD.Awinterstory.

Amotherandheryoungsongetintoabusinasmallcityandsitdown.Thebusconductorestothemfortheir

money.Themothersays,“Iwantoneticket（票）tothezoo.,,Andshegivesheroneyuan.Theconductorlooksat

thesmallboyforafewsecondsandthensaystohim,“Howoldareyou,youngman?”Themotherbeginstospeak,

buttheconductorstopsher.Theboysays,"Umfourathome,andtwoonthebuses."Atlastthemotherhastotake

fiftyfenoutofherpocketandgivesittotheconductor.

8.Whydoestheconductorlookatthesmallboyforafewseconds?

A.Shelikeshim.B.Shethinkstheboyneedstobuyahalfpriceticket.

C.Sheknowsthesmallboy.D.Shesawtheboysomewhere.

9.Whydoestheconductorstopthemotherandlettheboysaysomething?

A.Theboy'swordsareinteresting.B.Themotherisabadmother.

C.Thesmallboymaytellthetruth（事實(shí)）.D.Shelovesthesmallboy.

10.Whatdoestheunderlined（劃線的）word"conductor"mean?

A.司機(jī)B.售票員C.乘客D.警察

Changzhouhasalonghistoryofmorethan3,000years.Ifshometomanyfamouspeople,likeLiuHaisuand

ZhouYouguang.HuaLuogengalsoesfromChangzhou.HelivesinJintan,anareaofChangzhouforalongtime.

Heisfamousforhisstudyinmaths.

ChangzhouisinthesouthofChinaandit'sawatertown（城鎮(zhèn)）.Therearelotsoflakesandrivers,soyoucan

seemanyboats.Youcanfindlotsofoldhousestheretoo.FoodinChangzhoutastesgreatandthepeoplethereare

kind.IlikethefoodandthepeopleinChangzhou.

ThebesttimetovisitChangzhouisinspringandautumn.Duringthetime,theweatherisniceandthescenry

（風(fēng)景）isthemostbeautiful.

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“famous“meaninChinese?

A.漂亮的B.巨大的C.著名的D.特殊的

12.WhoisNOTmentioned（未被提到）inthispassage?

A.LiuHaisu.B.ZhouYbuguang.

C.HuaLuogeng.D.QuQiubai.

13.WhatcanyouoftenseeinChangzhouaccordingtothepassage?

A.Rivers.B.Hills.C.Planes.D.Museums.

14.ThebesttimetovisitChangzhouisin.

A.JanuaryB.FebruaryC.DecemberD.September

15.Whafsthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.Changzhou'slonghistoryB.Thebesttimetovisithistory

C.Agreatcity——ChangzhouD.Changzhou5speopleandfood

Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.

ThisisanoldEnglishsaying.Doyouknowitbefore?Itsaysthatwemustgotobedearlyandgetupearlyin

themorning.Thenweshouldbehealthy.Weshouldalsoberich（wealthy）andclever（wise）.

Thisistrue.Thebodymusthaveenoughsleeptobehealthy.Childrenofayoungageshouldhavetenhours*

sleepeverynight.Childrenwhodon'thaveenoughsleepcan'tdotheirworkverywell.Theywillnotbewiseand

theymaynotbeewealthy!

Thebodyalsoneedsexercise.Walking,running,jumping,swimmingandplayinggamesareallexercise.

Exercisekeepsthebodystrong.

Exercisealsokeepstheblood（血液）movingaroundinsidethebody.Thisisveryimportant.Ourbloodtakes

foodtoallpartsofourbody.Theheadalsoneedsblood.Exercisehelpsustothinkbetter!

16.Ifachilddoesn'thave10hours*sleepeverynight,he

A.willbeewiseB.won'tdowellinhiswork

C.willhavetosleepinthedaytimeD.can'tgotoschoolintime

17.Apersonneedsexercisebecause

A.itmakeshimhealthyB.ithasmuchblood

C.itdoesn'tneedtimeD.itisfuntodoexercise

18.Exercisemakesthemovequicklyandsmoothly.

A.bodyB.waterC.bloodD.head

19.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

A.Exerciseisgoodforaperson*sthinking.B.Astudentshouldhave10hours*sleep.

C.It*sgoodforyoutogetupearlyandgotobedearly.D.Ifyouhaveenoughblood,you'llbewise.

Doyouhaveanyfriendsfromothercountries?Doyouknowwhattheyarelike?

TheGermansareveryquietandtheydon'tgetexcitedeasily.Theydon'twanttosaymorewords.Theylook

serious（嚴(yán)肅的），buttheyreallyknowhowtohavefun.Theyworkhardandliketidiness,MostGermanwomen

liketokeeptheirhousesclean.

Insomeways,theEnglishlookthesameastheGermans.Theyarealsoquietandnevertalktoomuchwith

others.Theyarereallypolite,soweoftenhear"Thankyou.**or"Sorry."fromthem.

TheFrenchhavelongholidays.Theyliketravellingandusuallyspendtheirlongtimeinothercountries.The

Frencharemoreoutgoing（夕卜向的）thantheGermans.Itisveryeasytomakefriendswiththem.

paredto（與...比較）theFrench,theAmericansaremoreoutgoing.AndtheyareevenopenerTheydon*tlike

todependon（依靠）others.Soitisverypopularthatstudentsdoparttimejobs.InAmericans*eyes,workingand

successareimportant.

20.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatareveryquiet.

A.onlytheGermansB.onlytheEnglish

C.onlytheFrenchD.boththeGermansandtheEnglish

21.Theunderlinedword''tidiness"inparagraph2means___inChinese.

A.整潔B.安靜C.時(shí)尚D.隨意

22.WhatcanwelearnabouttheFrenchfromthepassage?

A.TheyaremoreoutgoingthantheAmericans.

B.Itisveryeasytomakefriendswiththem.

C.Theyliketravellingintheirowncountry.

D.Theydon'tliketobetooexcitedandarealwayshardworking.

參考答案：

1.C2.C3.A

【分析】這是一篇說明文，本文講述了現(xiàn)代世界，生活越來越數(shù)字化。人們可以通過電腦和手機(jī)學(xué)習(xí)、查

找信息、與朋友交流。然而，花大量時(shí)間工作、閱讀、發(fā)短信和玩電子游戲?qū)ξ覀兊难劬τ泻?。文章作?/p>

給出了人們很多保護(hù)視力的建議，人們可以做很多事情來減輕數(shù)碼眼疲勞。

1.推理判斷題o根據(jù)“Childrengetcellphonesatyoungeragesandareusingthemveryoftenduringtheday”可知

孩子們?cè)诟〉臅r(shí)候就有了手機(jī)，并且在白天非常頻繁地使用它們，可推測(cè)出越來越多的孩子正經(jīng)歷數(shù)碼

眼疲勞，故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“keepitatleast30cmfromyoureyesandjustbeloweyelevel.”可知要讓它與你的眼睛保

持至少30厘米的距離，并且要低于你的眼睛，故選C。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Whenusingaputer"、“Whenyouareusingamobilephone"、"Remembertotakea202020

break”可知講到了如何安全使用電腦、手機(jī)，什么時(shí)候停止使用電子設(shè)備，但并未提到如何清潔眼睛，故選

Ao

4.A5.C6.C7.B

【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講了窮人漢斯和富人米勒的故事，窮人漢斯把富人米勒看作是最忠誠(chéng)的

朋友，然而富人米勒并非是真正的朋友。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Realfriendsmustshareeverything,9,theMilleroftensaid,andlittleHansenjoyedthegood

ideaverymuch.”可知，小漢斯非常喜歡這個(gè)好想法——真正的朋友應(yīng)該分享一切。故選A。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理角窣題o根據(jù)"SoIshallwaittillspringes,andthenhewillgivemelotsofflowersandfruit,andthatwill

makehimveryhappy.”可知，從來不在冬天去看漢斯，是因?yàn)樗鹊酱禾靵砼R，這樣漢斯可以給他帶來很

多鮮花和水果，也就是說在冬天漢斯不能給Miller任何東西。故選C。

6.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)"IfHanseshere,andseesourwarmfire,andourgoodfood,andourredwine（酒）,hewill

envy（妒忌）us,andenvyisnotagoodthingtofeel.”可知，Miller認(rèn)為如果漢斯來他家里，就會(huì)跟他要食物、酒

等，所以他認(rèn)為他的兒子很傻，因此foolish意味著“愚蠢的”。故選C。

7.最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講了窮人漢斯和富人米勒的故事，窮人漢斯把富人米勒看作是最

忠誠(chéng)的朋友，然而富人米勒并非真正的朋友，用“AdevotedfHend”作文章標(biāo)題，能體現(xiàn)出反諷之意。故選B。

8.B9.C10.B

【分析】這篇短文描述了一對(duì)母子坐車，母親想要少買一張票，最后被售票員識(shí)破，兒子說了實(shí)話，母親

不得不再買一張票。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Theconductorlooksatthesmallboyforafewsecondsandthensaystohim,"Howoldare

you,youngman?'"和"Atlastthemotherhastotakefiftyfenoutofherpocketandgivesittotheconductor.“可知，

售票員看了一會(huì)小男孩是確認(rèn)一下男孩是否到了該買票的年齡，最后母親也確實(shí)補(bǔ)了票。故選B。

9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Theboysays,Tmfourathome,andtwoonthebuses/Atlastthemotherhastotakefifty

fenoutofherpocketandgivesittotheconductor.”可知，售票員阻止母親而是讓小男孩回答，是因?yàn)樾『⒖赡?/p>

會(huì)說實(shí)話。故選C。

10.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Thebusconductorestothemfortheirmoney.”可知，conductor是在公交車上收錢的人，

故選B。

11.C12.D13.A14.D15.C

【分析】本文主要介紹了常州這座城市，包括當(dāng)?shù)氐拿?、地理、食物、人以及游覽常州最好的季節(jié)等。

11.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的"likeLiuHaisuandZhouYouguang.HuaLuogengalsoesfromChangzhou^^

可知，這些都是名人，所以famous的意思為“著名的”。故選C。

12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中"It'shometomanyfamouspeople,likeLiuHaisuandZhouYouguang.Hua

LuogengalsoesfromChangzhou.”可知，文中沒有提到QuQiubaio故選Do

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Therearelotsoflakesandrivers,soyoucanseemanyboats.”可知,在常州你

能看到許多的湖泊和河流。故選A。

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“ThebesttimetovisitChangzzhouisinspringandautumn.”可知，參觀常州的

最佳時(shí)間是春季和秋季。January,February和December從氣溫上考慮都屬于冬季,而September意為“九月"，

是秋季。故選D。

15.標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)整篇文章內(nèi)