Module4語法篇

1.熟練掌握for,since在現(xiàn)在完成時中的應用

2.掌握非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞之間的轉化

3.掌握現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別

現(xiàn)在完成時（3）

1.for,since在現(xiàn)在完成時中的應用

在表示行為或狀態(tài)從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在時，通常要與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，這類狀語

通常由for或者since引導。for后接一段時間，而since后多接時間點。

Hehasbeenawayfortwoyears.他已離開兩年了。

HehasbeenanEnglishteachersincelasttime.自去年以來他一直是英語教師。

2.非延續(xù)性動詞（又叫短暫性動詞、瞬間動詞）與延續(xù)性動詞之間的轉化

英語中的動詞從動詞延續(xù)性上可以分為延續(xù)性和非延續(xù)性兩種，在現(xiàn)在完成時中一定要注意動

詞這一特征，在和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用時，應將非延續(xù)性動詞轉換為延續(xù)性動詞。

Ihavehadthebookfortwoweeks.那本書我買了兩個星期了。

Mygrandfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.我的爺爺去世兩年了。

1）將短暫性動詞轉化為：be+形容詞或副詞

begin/start一beongothere一bethere

comeback一bebackcomehere一behere

open一beopenclose一beclosed

die—>bedeadmarry—bemarried

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finish—beovergotobed一beinbed

leave一beawayreturn一beback

getout—beoutfallasleep—beasleep

lose—belostfall川一beill

如：這家商店開門6個小時了。

Theshophasopenedfor6hours.（錯誤）

Theshophasbeenopenfor6hours.（正確）

2）有些短暫性動詞可以轉化為意思相同的延續(xù)性動詞

borrow—keepputon—>wear/beon

become—begettoknow—know

buy一have(own)catchacold—>haveacold

receive一havegotosleep—>sleep

如：那本書我借了一個月了。

Ihaveborrowedthatbookforonemonth.（錯誤）

Ihavekeptthatbookforonemonth.（正確）

3.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別

兩種時態(tài)除結構、句式和相搭配的時間狀語都不同之外，最重要的就是意義不同。雖然都發(fā)生

在過去，但現(xiàn)在完成時強調的是過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，而一般過去時與現(xiàn)在沒有任何關系，只

是描述一個發(fā)生在過去的事實而已。

Ihaveseenthefilm.我看過這部電影。（對現(xiàn)在的影響是我了解這部電影的內容）

Isawthefilmlastweek.我上星期看了這部電影。（只說明上星期看了這部電影，不涉及現(xiàn)在的

情況）

單項選擇

1.（2019重慶中考B卷）一MisslinhastaughtusEnglishwecametothisschool?

A.forB.sinceC.beforeD.when

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2.（2019浙江杭州中考）IscaredofdogseversinceadoghurtmewhenIwasfiveyearsold.

A.willbeB.wasC.havebeenD.wouldbe

3.（2019江蘇南京第十八中學月考）Since2019,Jingmenhasbecomeanewcity.Everything.

A.ischangedB.waschangedC.hadchangedD.haschanged

4.（2019云南昆明中考）—Longtimenosee!

---Oh!Itfiveyearssincewemetlasttime.

A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.havebeen

5.（2019新疆烏魯木齊中考）Mr.Brownhishometownsincehethearmy.

A.hasleft;joinedB.hasbeenawayfrom;hasjoined

C.hasbeenawayfrom;joinedD.left;joined

6.（2019廣東中考）LeiFengformanyyears,buthisspiritisstillencouragingus.

A.diedB.hasdiedC.wasdeadD.hasbeendead

解析及答案：

1.句意：自從我們來到這所學校，Lin老師就教我們英語了。本題考查連詞的用法。結合主句和從

句的時態(tài)可推斷，所缺的連詞是since"自從；自...以來”。故選B。

2.句意：自從我五歲時被一條狗弄傷之后，我就一直怕狗。本題考查動詞時態(tài)。由eversinceadoghurt

me可推斷，主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時，故選C。

3.句意：自2019年以來，荊門已經(jīng)成為一座新城市，一切都變了。本題考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意

可知要用現(xiàn)在完成時，故選D。

4.句意：---好長時間不見了！一噢！自從我們上次見面已經(jīng)有五年時間了。根據(jù)sincewemetlasttime,

故選C。

5.句意：布朗先生自從參軍以來就一直離家在外。根據(jù)since的用法以及現(xiàn)在完成時中延續(xù)性動詞

的使用可知，故選C。

6,由空格后的formanyyears（許多年）可知，句子應用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，且謂語動詞應為延續(xù)性動詞。

die表示非延續(xù)性動詞，排除A、B兩項。bedead表示狀態(tài)，可與表示一段時間的狀語連用，故選D。

基礎演練

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一、選詞填空(單句選詞填空)

1.Wehavelearnedfivelessons(since/for)thebeginningofthisterm.

2.Mrs.Liaohasbeeninhospital(since/for)lastweek.

3.1havestayedatmyaunfs(since/for)twoweeks.

4.Amyhashadherfavoritetoy(since/for)threeyears.

5.Pvehadthebear(since/for)Iwasababy.

答案：1.since2.since3.for4.for5.since

二、適當形式填空(單句適當形式)

1.Myuncle(teach)mathsince1986.

2.She(be)inhospitalfortwoweeks.

3.Theyever(hear)ofthesinger.

4.1(keep)thebikeforoneweek.

5.Myparents(notcome)backyet.

答案：1.hastaught2.hasbeen3.have,heard4.havekept5.haventcome

鞏固提高

三、按要求轉換句型

1.TheGreenshavelivedinBeijingsincetenyearsago.(對劃線部分提問)

theGreensinBeijing?

2.1havehadthebikefortwoyears.(用since改為同義句)

Ihavehadthebike____________________________________________________________________.

3.1havehadlunchatschool.(對劃線部分提問)

youlunch?

4.Theygotmarriedthreeyearsago.(改為同義句)

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Theymarriedforaboutthreeyears.

5.Theycametothisschoolin2019.（改為同義句）

Theythisschoolfortwoyears.

6.1havebeenillforaboutthreedays.（對劃線部分提問）

__________________________________________________youbeenill?

7.Myheadachestartedtwodaysago.（對劃線部分提問）

yourheadache?

答案：

1.Howlonghave,lived

2.sincetwoyearsago

3.Wherehave,had

4.havebeen

5.havebeenin

6.Howlonghave

7.Whendid,start

四、翻譯（根據(jù)中文提示完成句子）

1.我買這輛自行車五年了。

Ithebikefiveyears.

2.你像現(xiàn)在這樣多長時間了？

Howlongyoulikethis?

3.-你曾經(jīng)過去科學博物館嗎？

-是的，我去過。

一youeverasciencemuseum?

—Yes,.

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4.我們已經(jīng)從我們的臥室里清掃出許多東西。

Weoutalotofthingsfromourbedrooms.

5.詹姆斯自從2019年就在北京做外教。

JamesaforeignteacherinBeijing2019.

6.她還沒有關掉那臺電腦。

Shethecomputeryet.

7.從那時起，王先生就一直在這個工廠工作。

,Mr.Wanghasworkedinthisfactory.

答案：

1.havehad,for

2.have,been

3.Have,beento,Ihave

4.havealreadycleared

5.hasbeen,since

6.hasn'tturnedoff

7.Eversincethen

一、單項選擇

1.—Howlonghaveyouhadthebike?

A.TwoyearsagoB.Fortwoyearsago

C.SincetwoyearsagoD.Sincetwoyears

2.---Jack,Ihaven*tseenyouruncleforalongtime.

-HeShanghaionbusinessfortwomonths.

A.wenttoB.hasgonetoC.hasbeeninD.hasbeento

3.RosecametoBeijingin2019.Shehereforeightyears.

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A.waslivingB.liveC.willliveD.haslived

4.——We'velivedhere2019.

---Soyou'velivedhereaboutfiveyears.

A.since;forB.fbr;sinceC.for;forD.since;since

5.---Oh,Jack,yourMP4looksnice.Isitnew?

——No.Iitsincetwoyearsago.

A.hadB.boughtC.havehadD.havebought

6.Shethisbookfornearlythreeweeks.

A.hasborrowedB.haslenthasboughtD.haskept

7.---HaveyoustudiedEnglishforalongtime?

---Yes,Ihavestudiedit

A.fiveyearsbeforeB.fiveyearsago

C.forfiveyearsD.sincefiveyears

8.—youJeremyShu-HowLin?

---Yes.Theonce-namelessyoungmanbecameabasketballherosuddenly.

A.Did;hearB.Do;listento

C.Have;heardofD.Have;listenedto

9.—Wouldyouliketowatchthethree-DfilmTitanicwithme?

---Certainly.Idon*tmindseeingitagainalthoughIittwice.

A.sawB.wasseenC.haveseenD.hadseen

10.---Whendidtheyarrive?

---Theytwohoursago.Theyherefortwohours.

A.arrived;havearrivedB.got;havebeen

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C.arrived;havebeenD.reached;havereached

答案：1-5CCDAC6-10DCCCC

二、完形填空

Allovertheworldpeopleenjoysports.Sportshelppeopletokeep1,happyandtolive

2.Peopleplaydifferentgamesinwinterandsummer.3isgoodforswimming.

Andinwinterpeopleoftengoskating.Somesportsarevery4andpeopleeverywherelike

them.Forexample,footballisverypopular.InChina,mostpeople,men,5,boysandgirls,like

towatchfootballgames.Theyoftentalkaboutthem.6andjumpingbeganlong,longago.But

basketballandvolleyballarerather7.Peoplebegantoplaythemnotlongago.Andpeopleare

8newsportsorgamesallthetime.Waterskiingisoneof9.People10

differentcountriesmaynotbeabletounderstandeachother,butafteragametheyoftenbecomefriends.

1.A.healthB.busyC.healthyD.lazy

2.A.longB.longerC.happyD.happily

3.A.WinterB.Summerc.AutumnD.Spring

4.A.boringB.difficultc.expensiveD.interesting

5.A.womanB.womenc.oldD.young

6.A.RunB.Runsc.RunningD.Torun

7.A.newB.interestingc.popularD.old

8.A.startB.playc.playingD.starting

9.A.oldestB.newestc.theoldestD.thenewest

10.A.inB.ofc.fromD.at

答案：1-5CBBDB6-10CACDC

閱讀理解

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A

Whenpeoplegotothebeachonvacation,manypeopleliketoeatseafood.Butnoteveryonecan

enjoyit.Somepeoplethinkseafoodtastesgreat,buttheirbodiesdon*tlikeitatall.Whentheyeatit,their

skingetsredanditchy（癢的）.That'sbecausethey*reallergic（過敏的）toseafood.

Whensomeoneisallergictoafood,hisbodydoesn'tseethatthingasafood.Itseesitasanenemy

andtriestofightit.Itfightsbymakingantibodies（抗體）.Sometimes,whenthebodyfightsafood,itcan

makeapersonverysick.

Therearesomewaystodealwithfoodallergies.Oneistostopeatingthefoodthatyou*reallergicto,

butthismaybehard.Peopleareoftenallergictoveryhealthyfoods,andit*shardtoalwaysavoidthem.

Peoplecanbeallergicatdifferentagestodifferentfoods,likeeggs,milkorpeanuts（花生）.Ifyou

thinkyoumightbeallergictoafood,askadoctortohavealookfirst.

1.Somepeoplecannotenjoyseafood,because.

A.itdoesn'ttastegoodB.itmakestheirskinhurt

C.itgivesthemaheadacheD.itmakesthemallergic

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"enemy"meaninChinese?

A.伙伴B.支持者C.敵人D.病人

3.Accordingtoparagraphs3-4,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Agoodwaytodealwithafoodallergyisnottoeatthatfood.

B.Unhealthyfoodsoftenmakepeopleallergic.

C.Peoplewithskinproblemsoftengetallergic.

D.Foodallergiesoftencausepeopletodie.

4.Whenapersonisallergictoafood,.

A.itcanalwaysmakethepersondie

B.itcanmakethepersonverysick

C.itcanmakethepersonveryexcited

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D.itcanmakethepersonangry

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Oldpeopleoftenhavefoodallergies.

B.Someeverydayfoodsmakepeopleallergic.

C.Mostpeopleareallergictothesamefood.

D.Doctorsmustbeabletotreatfoodallergiessuccessfully.

B

Istalkingonacellphonebadfbryourhealth?Itisdifficulttoknowforsure.Someresearchsuggests

thatheavyusersofcellphonesareatagreaterriskofdevelopingbraindiseases.However,manyother

studiessuggestthereisn'tanyrelationshipbetweencancerandcellphoneuse.

Infact,cellphoneshaveonlybeenpopularsince1990s.Anddoctorspointoutthatmanycancerstake

atleast10yearstodevelop.Theytakecigarettesforexample.Manyyearsago,peoplesmokedalotand

didn'tknowthebadeffectonhealth.Today,weknowthatcigarettescauselungcancer,thoughitisstill

unknownhoworwhy.Medicalexpertsfearthatthesamethingwillhappenwithcellphones.

Arecellphonesdangerous?It*sreallyhardtoanswerthisquestion.However,thereissomethingtrue.

Similartomicrowaveovens,cellphonesalsogiveoffelectromagneticradiation（電磁輻射）.Overthree

billionpeopleusecellphonesformorethananhouraday.Cellphonesgethotwhentheyareusedfora

longtimeorbeingcharged（充電）.Soholdingaheatsourcenearyourbrainduringsleepisreallybadfor

yourhealth.Scientistssuggestkeepingelectronicthings,likecomputersandcellphones,outofbedrooms

oratleastsixfeetfromyourbed.

6.Theunderlinedwords"heavyusers"referto.

A.thosepeoplewhousecellphonesalot

B.thosecellphoneuserswhoarestrong

C.thosepeoplewholikeexpensivecellphones

D.thosepeoplewholikecellphoneswithbigscreen

7.Whendidthecellphonesstarttobepopular?

A.Since1980s.B.Since1985s.C.Since1990s.D.Since2019s.

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8.Medicalexpertsfearthatcellphones.

A.gethotwhenbeingcharged

B.havenorelationshipwithcancers

C.giveoffelectromagneticradiation

D.willbeprovedtohavebadeffectsonhealth

9.Accordingtoscientists,we'dbetternotputelectronicthingsinthe.

A.studyroomB.kitchenC.bedroomD.livingroom

10.What*sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.CellPhonesandHealth

B.WheretoPutCellPhones

C.WhatWillHappentoCellPhones

D.CellPhonesandMicrowaveOvens

C

Germsg田菌）areeverywhere.Youcan'tseethem,buttheyareonyourdesk,onyourcomputer,and

evenintheair!

Likepeople,germsmovearoundtheworld.Theyflywithusonplanes.Whenfood,clothes,andother

thingstravelaroundtheworld,germstravel,too.Somegermsaresafe,butsomearedangerous.Germs

causeillnesseslikecoldsandtheflu.

WarmerWeatherBringsGerms

Theworld'sweatherischanging.Coolercountriesaregettingwarmer,soinsectsfromhot

countriescanmovethere.Someoftheseinsects,likemosquitoes,carrydangerousgerms.Thesegerms

causeheadaches,fever,andcanevenkillpeople.

UnderYourSkin

Yourskinprotectsyoufromgerms.Itstopssomegerms,butnotall.Theycanenteryourbodywhen

youeat,orwhenyouhaveacut.Germsareonyourhands,too.Theyenteryourbodywhenyoutouchyour

eyes,nose,ormouth.

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FightingGerms

Yourimmunesystem（免疫系統(tǒng)）protectsyou,too.Whengermsgetinsideyourbody,yourimmune

systemfindsandkillsthem.Specialcells（細胞）movearoundyourbodyandfightgerms.Theyhelpyou

stayhealthy.Othercellsmakeantibodies.Antibodieshelpyourbodyfindandstopgerms.

Whatcanyoudotofightgerms?Youshouldwashyourhandswithsoapandwater.Soapkillsmany

germs,andwaterwashesthemaway.

11.Accordingtothetext,insects.

A.killgermsB.carrygermsC.protectgermsD.lovegerms

12.Theunderlinedword"there"refersto.

A.coolercountriesB.hotcountries

C.everywhereD.theworld

13.Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothetext?

A.Allgermsaredangerous

B.Therearemoregermsincoldplaces

C.Soapcankillallgerms

D.Germscangetintoyourbody

14.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthistext?

A.GermsAreEverywhereB.WeatherIsChanging

C.SkinStopsGermsD.GermsAreDeveloped

D（浙江金華市2019年六校期中）

Happinessisimportantforeveryone.Mostpeoplewanttobehappybutfewknowhowtofind

happiness.Moneyandsuccessdon'tbringlastinghappiness.Happinessdependsonourselves.Inother

words,wemakeourownhappiness.

Somepeoplebelievethatiftheyarewealthy,theywillbeabletodoanythingtheywant,whichmeans

happiness.Ontheotherhand,somepeoplebelievethatholdingahighpositioninthegovernmentis

happiness.Inthisway,youhavenotonlymoney,butalsomanyotherthingswhichcan'tbeboughtby

money.However,otherpeoplebelievethathavinglotsofmoneyisnothappiness,norisholdingahigh

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positioninthegovernment.Thesepeoplevaluetheirbeliefs,ortheirintelligence,ortheirhealth.They

thinkthesecanmakethemhappy.

Hereareafewwaystohelpyoubehappie