高三英語(yǔ)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練題及解析說(shuō)明本訓(xùn)練題選取高考?？碱}材（科技說(shuō)明文、記敘文、議論文），覆蓋核心考點(diǎn)（細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷、主旨大意、詞義猜測(cè)），題目設(shè)置符合高考命題規(guī)律（干擾項(xiàng)具有迷惑性，答案需結(jié)合原文邏輯推導(dǎo)）。解析部分不僅給出答案，更強(qiáng)調(diào)解題思路和易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒，幫助學(xué)生舉一反三。Passage1（科技說(shuō)明文）主題：植物的“聽(tīng)覺(jué)”能力詞數(shù)：約350詞“Whenplantsdetectthesoundofherbivoresfeeding,theyemitVOCstocallforhelp,”explainedDr.MonicaGagliano,theleadresearcher.“Thisisacleversurvivalstrategy.Byattractingpredators,plantscandefendthemselveswithoutusingenergytogrowthornsortoxicchemicals.”Thestudyalsofoundthatplantsdonotrespondtoallsounds.Forexample,theyshowednoreactiontowindorbirdsongs.Thissuggeststhatplantshaveaspecializedabilitytodistinguishbetweenrelevantandirrelevantsounds.“Ourfindingschallengethetraditionalviewofplantsaspassive,”saidDr.Gagliano.“Plantsareactiveparticipantsintheirecosystems.Theycanperceivethreatsandtakeactiontoprotectthemselves.”Thisresearchhasimportantimplicationsforagriculture.Farmerscouldusesound-basedstrategiestoenhanceplantdefense,reducingtheneedforpesticides.Forexample,playingrecordingsofherbivorechewingsoundscouldtriggerplantstoreleaseVOCs,attractingnaturalpredatorsandreducingcropdamage.題目1.Whatdoplantsdowhentheydetectthesoundofherbivoresfeeding?A.Theygrowthornstodefendthemselves.B.Theyreleasechemicalstoattractpredators.C.Theyproducetoxicsubstancestokillherbivores.D.Theystopgrowingtoavoidbeingeaten.2.WhatcanweinferfromDr.Gagliano'swords?A.Plantsaremoreintelligentthananimals.C.Plantsplayanactiveroleinecosysteminteractions.D.Pesticideswillnolongerbeneededinagriculture.3.Theword“emit”inParagraph2probablymeans______.A.absorbB.releaseC.consumeD.produce4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Plantscandistinguishbetweendifferentsounds.B.Anewwaytoreducecropdamagehasbeenfound.C.Researchonplantdefensestrategiesisprogressing.D.Plantscanperceiveandrespondtosoundforsurvival.5.Howdidtheresearchersconducttheirexperiment?B.Theyrecordedthesoundsofpredatorsandplayedthemtoplants.C.Theyusedtoxicchemicalstotestplantdefensemechanisms.D.Theyobservedplantsgrowinginnaturalconditions.解析1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題（考點(diǎn)：直接信息定位）答案：B解題思路：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“detectthesoundofherbivoresfeeding”定位到第二段：“plantsexposedtothechewingsoundsemitted...VOCs—chemicalsthatattractpredatorsoftheherbivores”。B選項(xiàng)“releasechemicalstoattractpredators”是原文的同義替換（emit=release）。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：A選項(xiàng)“growthorns”與原文第三段“withoutusingenergytogrowthorns”矛盾；C選項(xiàng)“toxicchemicals”是原文提到的“不需要”的防御方式；D選項(xiàng)“stopgrowing”未提及。2.推理判斷題（考點(diǎn)：隱含信息推導(dǎo)）答案：C解題思路：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Dr.Gagliano'swords”定位到第四段：“Ourfindingschallengethetraditionalviewofplantsaspassive...Plantsareactiveparticipantsintheirecosystems.”由此可推理出“植物在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)互動(dòng)中扮演積極角色”（C選項(xiàng)）。3.詞義猜測(cè)題（考點(diǎn)：上下文語(yǔ)境推斷）答案：B易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：A選項(xiàng)“absorb”（吸收）與上下文邏輯相反；C選項(xiàng)“consume”（消耗）不符合語(yǔ)境；D選項(xiàng)“produce”（生產(chǎn)）不如“release”準(zhǔn)確（“釋放”強(qiáng)調(diào)將內(nèi)部物質(zhì)排出）。4.主旨大意題（考點(diǎn)：文章核心內(nèi)容概括）答案：D解題思路：文章首段提出核心觀(guān)點(diǎn)“plantshaveasurprisingability:hearing”，第二段通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)說(shuō)明植物對(duì)食草動(dòng)物聲音的反應(yīng)，第三、四段解釋其意義。D選項(xiàng)“Plantscanperceiveandrespondtosoundforsurvival”概括了文章主要內(nèi)容。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：A選項(xiàng)“distinguishbetweendifferentsounds”是實(shí)驗(yàn)的細(xì)節(jié)，而非核心；B選項(xiàng)“reducecropdamage”是研究的應(yīng)用，而非主要內(nèi)容；C選項(xiàng)“plantdefensestrategies”過(guò)于寬泛（文章聚焦“聲音感知”這一具體策略）。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題（考點(diǎn)：實(shí)驗(yàn)方法定位）答案：A解題思路：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“conducttheirexperiment”定位到第二段：“Theyrecordedthesounds...playedtheserecordingstotheplants.Theyalsoincludedacontrolgroupwhereplantswereexposedtosilentconditions.”即實(shí)驗(yàn)將“暴露在咀嚼聲中的植物”與“處于安靜環(huán)境中的植物”對(duì)比（A選項(xiàng)）。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：B選項(xiàng)“predators”與原文“herbivores”不符；C選項(xiàng)“toxicchemicals”未提及；D選項(xiàng)“naturalconditions”與實(shí)驗(yàn)中的“控制變量”（silentconditions）矛盾。Passage2（記敘文）主題：社區(qū)花園的力量詞數(shù)：約300詞Hestartedbycleaningupthelot,pullingweedsandpickinguptrash.Hisneighborsnoticedandbeganstoppingbytohelp.Mrs.Lopez,aretiredteacher,broughtflowerseeds;Mr.Chen,agardener,sharedtipsongrowingvegetables.Withinamonth,thelotwastransformedintoavibrantgardenwithtomatoes,carrots,andsunflowers.Thegardenquicklybecameagatheringplace.Everyweekend,neighborsmettoplant,water,andharvest.Childrenhelpedpickstrawberries,whileolderadultssharedstoriesabouttheirchildhoodgardens.“Thisgardenhasbroughtusclosertogether,”saidMrs.Lopez.“Weusedtojustwaveateachother,butnowwe’refriends.”Lastsummer,thegardenproducedover500poundsofvegetables.Theneighborsdonatedsometothelocalfoodbankandsoldtherestatafarmers’market.Themoneyraisedwasusedtobuymoreseedsandtoolsforthegarden.Mr.Edwardssmiledashelookedatthegarden.“Ididn’texpectittohavesuchabigimpact,”hesaid.“Butseeinghowhappyitmakeseveryone,Iknowitwasworthit.”題目1.WhydidMr.Edwardsdecidetoturntheemptylotintoagarden?A.Togrowvegetablesforhisfamily.B.Tomakehisneighborhoodmorebeautiful.D.Tolearngardeningskillsfromhisneighbors.2.Whatcanweinferabouttheneighbors?A.Theywereinitiallyagainstthegarden.B.Theywerehappytoparticipateintheproject.C.Theyhadnointerestingardeningbefore.D.Theywantedtomakemoneyfromthegarden.3.Theword“vibrant”inParagraph2probablymeans______.A.messyB.colorfulC.quietD.large4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Aretiredmanbuiltagardentohelpthepoor.C.Neighborsworkedtogethertocleanupalot.D.Agardenproducedalotofvegetablesforsale.5.Whatdidtheneighborsdowiththevegetablesfromthegarden?A.Theykeptallofthemfortheirownuse.B.Theydonatedsomeandsoldtherest.C.Theygaveallofthemtothefoodbank.D.Theyusedthemtobuyseedsandtools.解析1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題（考點(diǎn)：因果關(guān)系定位）答案：C易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：A選項(xiàng)“growvegetables”是結(jié)果，而非原因；B選項(xiàng)“morebeautiful”是次要原因（原文未明確提到“讓社區(qū)更漂亮”，而是“有意義的事”）；D選項(xiàng)“l(fā)earnskills”與原文“sharedtips”（鄰居分享技巧）不符。2.推理判斷題（考點(diǎn)：人物態(tài)度推斷）答案：B解題思路：根據(jù)第二段“Hisneighborsnoticedandbeganstoppingbytohelp.Mrs.Lopez...broughtflowerseeds;Mr.Chen...sharedtips”以及第三段“Everyweekend,neighborsmettoplant,water,andharvest.”可推斷鄰居們“樂(lè)于參與”（B選項(xiàng)）。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：A選項(xiàng)“initiallyagainst”與原文“beganstoppingbytohelp”矛盾；C選項(xiàng)“nointerestbefore”未提及（原文未說(shuō)鄰居之前不喜歡園藝）；D選項(xiàng)“makemoney”與第四段“donatedsome...soldtherest”不符（賣(mài)菜是為了買(mǎi)種子，而非賺錢(qián)）。3.詞義猜測(cè)題（考點(diǎn)：上下文描述推斷）答案：B解題思路：根據(jù)第二段“thelotwastransformedintoavibrantgardenwithtomatoes,carrots,andsunflowers”，結(jié)合“tomatoes（紅色）、carrots（橙色）、sunflowers（黃色）”的描述，可推斷“vibrant”意為“色彩鮮艷的”（colorful）。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：A選項(xiàng)“messy”（混亂的）與“transformed”（改造）矛盾；C選項(xiàng)“quiet”（安靜的）不符合“有各種蔬菜和花”的場(chǎng)景；D選項(xiàng)“l(fā)arge”（大的）未提及。4.主旨大意題（考點(diǎn)：情感與主題提煉）答案：B解題思路：文章主要講述Mr.Edwards建社區(qū)花園，鄰居們參與，花園成為聚會(huì)場(chǎng)所，促進(jìn)了鄰里關(guān)系（第三段“broughtusclosertogether”、第四段“donated...sold”、第五段“happyitmakeseveryone”）。B選項(xiàng)概括了核心主題。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：A選項(xiàng)“helpthepoor”是細(xì)節(jié)（捐贈(zèng)蔬菜），而非主要內(nèi)容；C選項(xiàng)“cleanupalot”是開(kāi)頭的動(dòng)作，而非核心；D選項(xiàng)“producevegetables”是結(jié)果，而非主題。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題（考點(diǎn)：事件結(jié)果定位）答案：B解題思路：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“whatdidtheneighborsdowiththevegetables”定位到第四段：“Theneighborsdonatedsometothelocalfoodbankandsoldtherestatafarmers’market.”直接對(duì)應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：A選項(xiàng)“keptall”與“donatedsome”矛盾；C選項(xiàng)“gaveall”與“soldtherest”矛盾；D選項(xiàng)“usedthemtobuyseeds”是賣(mài)菜的錢(qián)的用途，而非蔬菜本身的用途。Passage3（議論文）主題：青少年使用社交媒體的利弊詞數(shù)：約350詞Oneofthebiggestadvantagesofsocialmediaisitsabilitytoconnectteenagerswithfriendsandfamily.Forexample,ateenagerlivingabroadcanstayintouchwiththeirhometownfriendsthroughvideocallsormessagingapps.Socialmediaalsoprovidesaplatformforteenagerstoexpressthemselvesandsharetheirinterests,suchasartormusic.“Socialmediaisnotinherentlygoodorbad,”saidDr.EmilyCarter,achildpsychologist.“It’showweuseitthatmatters.Teenagersneedtobemindfuloftheirusageandprioritizereal-worldconnections.”題目1.Whatisoneofthebenefitsofsocialmediaforteenagers?A.Ithelpsthemgetbettergrades.B.Itallowsthemtostayconnectedwithothers.C.Itreducestheiranxietyanddepression.D.Itpreventsthemfrombeingcyberbullied.2.Whatcanweinferaboutexcessivesocialmediause?A.Itimprovesteenagers’self-esteem.B.Ithelpsteenagerssleepbetter.C.Itmayharmteenagers’mentalhealth.D.Itenhancesteenagers’academicperformance.3.Theword“mitigate”inParagraph5probablymeans______.A.increaseB.reduceC.ignoreD.cause4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Socialmediaisthemaincauseofcyberbullying.C.Socialmediahasbothadvantagesanddisadvantagesforteenagers.5.Whatdoexpertssuggestteenagersdotousesocialmediaresponsibly?A.Turnoffallnotificationspermanently.B.Avoidusingsocialmediaduringtheday.C.Prioritizereal-worldinteractions.D.Deleteallsocialmediaaccounts.解析1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題（考點(diǎn)：優(yōu)勢(shì)定位）答案：B解題思路：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“benefits”定位到第二段：“Oneofthebiggestadvantagesofsocialmediaisitsabilitytoconnectteenagerswithfriendsandfamily.”直接對(duì)應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：A選項(xiàng)“bettergrades”與第三段“interferewith...academicperformance”矛盾；C選項(xiàng)“reducesanxiety”與第三段“l(fā)inkedtoanxietyanddepression”矛盾；D選項(xiàng)“preventscyberbullying”與第四段“Anotherriskiscyberbullying”矛盾。2.推理判斷題（考點(diǎn)：因果關(guān)系推斷）答案：C解題思路：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“excessivesocialmediause”定位到第三段：“Studieshaveshownthatexcessiveuseofsocialmediaislinkedtoanxietyanddepression.”可推斷“過(guò)度使用可能傷害心理健康”（C選項(xiàng)）。3.詞義猜測(cè)題（考點(diǎn)：邏輯關(guān)系推斷）答案：B易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：A選項(xiàng)“increase”（增加）與“setlimits”矛盾；C選項(xiàng)“ignore”（忽視）不符合專(zhuān)家建議的邏輯；D選項(xiàng)“cause”（導(dǎo)致）與上下文相反。4.主旨大意題（考點(diǎn)：觀(guān)點(diǎn)平衡概括）答案：C解題思路：文章第一段提出“socialmediaoffersmanybenefits,butalsoposessignificantrisks”，第二、三段分別論述優(yōu)勢(shì)（connectwithothers）和劣勢(shì)（mentalhealth,cyberbullying），第四、五段給出建議。C選項(xiàng)概括了文章的核心觀(guān)點(diǎn)（利弊