PAGE1專題08非謂語動(dòng)詞(初高中銜接)內(nèi)容導(dǎo)航考點(diǎn)聚焦：核心考點(diǎn)+高考考點(diǎn)，有的放矢重點(diǎn)速記：知識點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)梳理，查漏補(bǔ)缺難點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化：難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容標(biāo)注與講解，能力提升復(fù)習(xí)提升：真題感知+提升專練，全面突破核心考點(diǎn)聚焦考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞不定式考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞不定式(一)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化語態(tài)式一般式完成式進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式主動(dòng)todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoing被動(dòng)tobedonetohavebeendone(1)作主語：Todotheexerciseisgood.=Itisgoodtodotheexercise(動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，一般可用it作形式主語，而將作主語的動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末。)(2)作表語：Myjobistodrivethemtothepowerstationeveryday.溫馨提示：動(dòng)詞不定式在系動(dòng)詞be之后作表語，與表示將來時(shí)的be+動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有所區(qū)別。Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.主語謂語表語我們的計(jì)劃是給農(nóng)民子弟再成立一所中學(xué)。(plan并不是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語，即動(dòng)詞不定式tosetup所表示的動(dòng)作不是主語plan產(chǎn)生的。)Wearetosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.主語謂語賓語我們將為農(nóng)民的子弟再成立一所中學(xué)。(we是動(dòng)詞不定式tosetup所表示的動(dòng)作的邏輯主語，即動(dòng)詞不定式tosetup所表示的動(dòng)作是由we產(chǎn)生的)。(3)作賓語：①作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語。Shewishestobeamusician.②作某些形容詞的賓語：可以有動(dòng)詞不定式為賓語的形容詞一般有g(shù)lad,sorry,afraid,pleased,determined,willing,eager,anxious,ready,sure等，Iamdeterminedtogiveupsmoking.溫馨提示：動(dòng)詞不定式一般不作介詞的賓語，但動(dòng)詞不定式之前如有疑問詞時(shí)，就可作介詞的賓語，如：Canyougiveussomeadviceonhowtosolvetheproblem?(4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語(如果句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為see,hear,watch,notice,have,make,let等，作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式須將to省去)Tellthechildrennottoplaythegame.Isawalittlegirlenterintothehouse.Idon’tthinkitrighttodoitthatway.溫馨提示：動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作賓語，如帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，須先用it作形式賓語，而將該動(dòng)詞不定式后置。(5)作定語：Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?(動(dòng)詞不定式位于被其修飾的名詞或代詞之后)Heisthemantodependon.(動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，不定式后面就要用必要的介詞)Theoldmanislookingforaquietplacetolive.(名詞為place,time,way，不定式后面的介詞，習(xí)慣上可以省去)(6)作狀語：①目的狀語EverymorninghegetsupveryearlytoreadEnglish.ShereadsChinaDailyeverydayinorderto(soasto)improveherEnglish.=InordertoimproveherEnglishshereadsChinaDailyeveryday.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,onemustworkhardatit.②結(jié)果狀語：Theylivedtoseetheliberationoftheirhometown.Youareoldenoughtotakecareofyourselfnow.(too+形容詞或副詞+動(dòng)詞不定式，表示“足能…”的結(jié)果)1.Therewillbemanytasksforthem________(complete)nextmonth.考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞原形家詞尾-ing構(gòu)成1)直接位于句首做主語。(動(dòng)名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞為單數(shù))Readingisanart.Climbingmountainsisreallyfun.Workingintheseconditionsisnotapleasurebutasuffering.2)用it作形式主語，把動(dòng)名詞(真實(shí)主語)置于句尾作后置主語的常用句型：Itis+nouse/nogood/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/awasteoftime/aplessure…+v.ing注意：important，essential，necessary等形容詞后面不用動(dòng)名詞(常用不定式)。Itisnouse/nogoodcryingoverspiltmilk.Itisawasteoftimepersuadingsuchapersontojoinus.Itwashardgettingonthecrowdedstreetcar.Itisfunplayingwithchildren.3)“Therebe”結(jié)構(gòu)。(在“Therebe”句型中，只能用動(dòng)名詞，而不能用不定式作主語)Thereisnosayingwhenhe'llcome.Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.Thereisnoholdingbackthewheelofhistory.注意：動(dòng)名詞用于布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Nosmoking(=Nosmokingisallowed(here)).禁止吸煙。Noparking.禁止停車。4)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞有自己的邏輯主語時(shí)，常可以在前面加上一個(gè)物主代詞或名詞所有格，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也可以在句中作主語。例如：Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.LaoLi’sgoingtherewon’tbeofmuchhelp.2、作賓語(1)作動(dòng)詞的賓語某些動(dòng)詞后出現(xiàn)非限定性動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，不能用不定式。常見的此類動(dòng)詞有：advise,suggest,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,cannothelp,imagine,include,keep,keepon,mind,miss,delay,practise,resist,postpone(推遲)，deny(否認(rèn)),appreciate(欣賞，感激),escape,excuse,pardon,can’tstand,putoff,giveup等。Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?ShesuggestedgoingtotheGreatWallforthespringouting.Seeingthepicture,hecouldn’thelplaughing.Markoftenattemptstoescapebeingfinedwheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.溫馨提示：在下面這種結(jié)構(gòu)中也可以用動(dòng)名詞(短語)做賓語：find/think/consider…+it(形式賓語)+nouse/nogood/useless…+v.ing(真正賓語)。形容詞worth后也可接動(dòng)名詞，作為復(fù)合謂語的賓語。Ifounditpleasantwalkingalongtheseashore.Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?Themusiciswellworthlisteningtomorethanonce.(2)作介詞的賓語Wearethinkingofmakinganewplanforthenextterm.Shallwehavearestorgetdowntodoingourwork?(to介詞)AnnhasbeenlookingforwardtocomingtoChinaforalongtime.(to介詞)溫馨提示：在下面的結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞in?？墒÷裕?1)S+have+trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/astruggle/agoodtime/ahardtime+(in)+v.ing(2)S+spengtime/money+(in)+V.ing(3)S+bebusy+(in)+V.ing(4)S+losenotime+(in)+V.ing(立即……)Wearebusy(in)preparingforthecomingsportsmeet.Doyouhaveanydifficulty(in)understandingspokenEnglish?3、作表語動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語動(dòng)名詞與主語通常是對等的關(guān)系，表示主語的內(nèi)容，主語、表語可互換位置。Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.(Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.)WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.(BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.)4、作定語動(dòng)名詞作定語往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途awalkingstick＝astickforwalking=astickwhichisusedforwalkingawashingmachine=amachineforwashing=amachinewhichisusedforwashingareadingroom=aroomforreading=aroomwhichisusedforreadingsleepingpills=pillsforsleeping=pillswhichisusedforsleeping一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(主語+was/were+done)Thebuildingwasbuilttenyearsago.(肯定)→Thebuildingwasn’tbuilttenyearsago.(否定句，在was,were后加not)→Wasthebuildingbuilttenyearsago?(一般疑問句，把was,were提句首)1.Becausemybikeneeds________(repair),Ihavetowalktoschoolthesedays.考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式由“動(dòng)詞+ing”構(gòu)成，其被動(dòng)式為“being+動(dòng)詞過去分詞”。完成式由“having+動(dòng)詞過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其被動(dòng)式為“having+been+動(dòng)詞過去分詞”。否定式為“not+動(dòng)詞-ing”，被動(dòng)式的否定式為“not+being+動(dòng)詞過去分詞”，其完成式的否定式為“not+having+動(dòng)詞過去分詞”。1.作定語一般說來，單個(gè)的現(xiàn)在分詞一般可以前置作定語，修飾名詞；如果現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成分詞短語則后置作定語。Keepquiet.Don'twakeupthesleepingchildren.Weliveinaroomfacingthesouth.2.作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語時(shí)總是放在系動(dòng)詞的后面，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示主語的狀態(tài)。Thestorysoundsinteresting.這故事聽起來很有趣。Thepromisingfutureismoreencouragingthaneverbefore.Itisannoyingthatthemeetingshouldbeputoff.3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語通常用在感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞的賓語后面，表示主動(dòng)或動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。Somepeopleleavethewaterrunningafterwashinghands.WhenIfoundhimcheating,Idecidednottoaccepthisflatteriesandapologiesanymore.4.作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示原因、時(shí)間、方式、條件、結(jié)果等情況的狀語從句。根據(jù)需要可以使用被動(dòng)式或完成式。1)表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于狀語從句when,while。Hewentthroughthepaperswhilelisteningtomusic.Studyingatthehometown,Ienjoyedthehappiesttimeduringmylife.2)表示條件，相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。Beinggivenoncemoretime,Iwillfinishthetask!Preparingfully,wearesuretopassthetest.3)表示原因，相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句because,since,for,as,etc.Notunderstandingtherelationshipbetweenthetwocases,Iaskedthelawyeraboutit.Beingill,shecan'tgotoworktoday.4)表示讓步，相當(dāng)于though,although或nomatter+特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.Althoughworkinghardeveryday,westillhaveendlessworktodealwith.5)表示結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于結(jié)果狀語從句。Hisparents'letterhasjustcome,relievinghimfromanxiety.Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,causingthedelay.6)表示方式或伴隨狀語。Theylayonthegrass,lookingatthesky.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandjumping.1.Thememoryofthepasttimecame________(crowd)intomymindwhenIsawthepicture.考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四過去分詞過去分詞只有一種形式，也沒有主動(dòng)語態(tài)，它所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)被動(dòng)的或是已完成的動(dòng)作。過去分詞在句中也可用作定語、表語、賓語或狀語等成分。1.作定語：thefallenleaves落葉(單個(gè)單詞，就位于其修飾的名詞之前)Themeetingheldlastnightisveryimportant.(分詞短語，就位于其修飾的名詞之后。被過去分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯主語)2.作表語：Theglassisbroken.(broken表示theglass所處的狀態(tài))Theglasswasbrokenbymylittlebrother.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))拓展延伸：作表語用的過去分詞在許多詞典中已列為形容詞，如：crowded,devoted,discouraged,done,dressed,drunk,experienced,frightened,gone,hurt,interested,killed,known,learned,lost,pleased,satisfied,shut,surprised,tired,undressed,worried,astonished,broken,completed,covered等。3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語WhenIopenedthedoor,Ifoundthegroundcoveredbyfallenleaves.(find的賓語補(bǔ)足語)Ihadmybikerepairedyesterday.(have的賓語補(bǔ)足語)4.作狀語Seenfromthehill/Whenseenfromthehill,ourtownlooksbeautiful.(時(shí)間狀語)Givenmoretime/Ifgivenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.(條件狀語)1.Iwishallour________(donate)moneyandourlovewillflytothedisasterareaverysoon.2.Shefoundthekitten________(frighten)bythefireworks,hidingunderthesofa.3.________(lose)inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.1.Allthings________(consider),itcouldbeawhilebeforeweembraceahighly-developedhealthcaresystem.2.Thepartywillbeheldinthegardenasscheduled,weather________(permit).3.(24-25高一下·黑龍江大慶·開學(xué)考試)AccordingtodatareleasedbytheNHC,bytheendof2021Chinahadthelargestnumberofdogsintheworld,withover12millionpeople________(bite)eachyear.4.Withalocalguide________(lead)usalltheway,wehadagreattimeinthebeautifulmountain.5.(16-17高一下·福建廈門·開學(xué)考試)Withtime________(go)by,Iwasmadesmaller.6.Thedeterminedyoungmanstruggled________(make)endsmeet,workingpart-timeinarestaurantinhissparetime.7.(24-25高一下·廣東茂名·階段練習(xí))Shefoundthekitten________(frighten)bythefireworks,hidingunderthesofa.8.(24-25高一上·安徽六安·開學(xué)考試)Onthenightofmybirthday,Icouldhearthewindows________(beat)bytheraindrops.9.Paulknewthat________(be)shorterthanotherplayersmeantthathehadtopracticemore.10.Thegovernmentdesignedandbuiltthegreenwaysystem________(aim)atofferingconvenienceandbenefitstopeopleandimprovingthecity’secologicalenvironment.提升專練I.單句語法填空1.(24-25高一下·甘肅蘭州·開學(xué)考試)Becausemybikeneeds________(repair),Ihavetowalktoschoolthesedays.2.(24-25高一下·安徽·開學(xué)考試)Therewillbemanytasksforthem________(complete)nextmonth.3.(24-25高一下·安徽·開學(xué)考試)Sheranallthewayuptothestation,only________(find)thatthetrainhadleftfifteenminutesbefore.4.Proudlyreadingmywords,Iglancedaroundtheroom,only________(find)myclassmatesbearingbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyes.5.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurface,doexercisesto________(strength)yourlegmuscles.6.(24-25高一下·安徽·開學(xué)考試)Sheiskeenon________(learn)howtoplaythepiano,soshepracticeseveryday.7.(24-25高一下·廣東佛山·開學(xué)考試)Paulknewthat________(be)shorterthanotherplayersmeantthathehadtopracticemore.8.Mymumkeeps________(tell)metostudyhardforbrightfuture.9.(24-25高一下·甘肅蘭州·開學(xué)考試)Thememoryofthepasttimecame________(crowd)intomymindwhenIsawthepicture.10.(24-25高一下·甘肅蘭州·開學(xué)考試)Theproblem________(discuss)nowisextremelycrucial.11.(24-25高一下·廣東佛山·開學(xué)考試)Thegovernmentdesignedandbuiltthegreenwaysystem________(aim)atofferingconvenienceandbenefitstopeopleandimprovingthecity’secologicalenvironment.12.Thepartywillbeheldinthegardenasscheduled,weather________(permit).13.(24-25高一下·吉林長春·開學(xué)考試)Iwishallour________(donate)moneyandourlovewillflytothedisasterareaverysoon.14.(24-25高一下·廣東茂名·階段練習(xí))Shefoundthekitten________(frighten)bythefireworks,hidingunderthesofa.15.________(lose)inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.16.Hespokeslowlytomakehimself________(understand).17.YesterdayIfoundabookinthebookstore________(intend)forbirdlovers.18.Michaelputupaposterofthisfamousscientistbesidethebedtokeephimself________(remind)ofhisowndreams.19.________(surround)byagreatmanytrees,themoderntallbuildingisthenewly-builtstadiumofourschool.20.Iusuallyhavefastfood________(deliver)tomyofficewhenIambusy.II.閱讀理解(24-25高一下·云南昭通·開學(xué)考試)ThephotographsthatScillatookasa16-year-oldgirlonthestreetsofLondonin1955stayedlargelyinheralbum(相冊)overtheyears.Scillaisnow86,andherself-developedblack-and-whitephotoshavebeenbroughtbacktolifeaftertheywerediscoveredbyateenagephotographer.Overthepastyear,PhilipLoveday,16,hasbeenrevisitinghisgrandmother’spathacrossthecapitaltocarefullyrephotographthepictures.Hisjourneythroughtimewithacamerahasbeenespeciallymoving,becausehisgrandmother,Scilla,hasAlzheimer’sdisease(阿爾茨海默癥)andhaslostmanyofhermemories.PhiliptooknewphotosthatlookedliketheonesScillatooklongago,andputtheminanewalbum.EachpageofScilla’soldalbumwascopiedandputinthenewone,withPhilip’snewphotosontheoppositepages.Philip’smother,CatherineLoveday,saidScillahadbeenhappywiththenewalbum,whichhad“putherbackinhershoes”asateenager.Philipsaidhismothershowedhimthealbumshehadfoundathermother’shouse.GreatlyabsorbedinhowmodernLondonwouldcomparetothecityphotographedbyhisgrandmother,PhilipandhismotherbegantomaketripsintocentralLondon.Duringthetrips,theyhadtheideaofretakingthephotos.Someoftheplacesaresimilar,likeBigBen.Othersshowhowthecityhasmodernized.UnlikeScilla’sviewofSt.Paul’sCathedralfromtheThames,Philip’sretakehastheMilleniumBridge.WhenScillaphotographedtheJohnLewisstoreonOxfordStreet,itwasaone-storeybuildingnowithassevenfloors.Philiphadtousehisimaginationtorecreateothersights.Scillahasrepeatedlyreturnedtohernewalbumsincereceivingit.Philipsaid,“It’sniceforhertoseesomeonetakinganinterestinthosephotosandgoingbackoverthem,andalsogoodforhertoconnectherpasttowherewearenow.”1.WhyisPhilip’sre-photographingjourneysotouching?A.Becauseheisatalentedteenagephotographer.B.BecausehehelpshisAlzheimer’s-sufferinggrandmotherrecallherpast.C.BecauseheisshowinghowmuchLondonhaschangedovertheyears.D.Becauseheisusingmoderntechnologytoenhancetheoldphotos.2.WhatmotivatedPhiliptoretakethephotos?A.Hisgrandmother’srequestbeforeshegotill.B.Hiseagernesstoshowhisphotographyskills.C.HisinterestincomparingmodernandoldLondon.D.Hismother’sencouragementtostartanewproject.3.WhatcanweinferfromthefactthatScillarepeatedlyreturnstohernewalbum?A.SheisdisappointedwiththechangesinLondon.B.Thealbumhelpsherreconnectwithherpastmemories.C.ShewantstocorrectthemistakesinPhilip’sphotos.D.Shewantstofindmoredifferencesbetweentheoldandnewphotos.4.WhichwordscanbestdescribePhilip?A.Thoughtfulandcreative. B.Carelessanddisorganized.C.Ambitiousbutdependent. D.Uninterestedanduntrustworthy.III.完形填空(24-25高一下·山東聊城·開學(xué)考試)WhenIwaslittle,Ispentmuchtimeatmygrandfather’shouse,watchinghimpaintalldaylong.WhatIremembermostwashowhe1paintingoldships.AsIgrewup,wehardly2.Inoticedhedidn’treally3muchanymore.Aboutayearago,hehadaheartattack.Inandoutofthe4forawhile,herecoveredbutwasstill5,movingaroundhishouseinawheelchair.Then,Istarted6hishouseandwebegantotalkmore.Wediscussedlifeandourinterests.EverytimeI7,hewantedtotalkalot.Ifiguredhewaslonelyandenjoyedthe8.Wonderingwhyhedidn’tstartpaintingagain,Imadeitapointtocasually(不經(jīng)意地)9itwhenIcameover,tellinghimoftenthatheshouldpaintagain.It10!Hestartedsendingmetobuypaintandposterboards.Heaskedmeaboutcolorsand11mehispaintings.Ilovedthewayhepaintedthe12ships.Helookedhappier.Paintingseemedtohavebroughtbacksome13partofhim.Cleaningformygrandpahasbroughtuscloser.Despitehisseventy-fiveyearsofage,I14todiscouragehimfrompainting.Daysliketheseare15,andIenjoythelittlemoments.1.A.missed B.started C.loved D.avoided2.A.fought B.explored C.spoke D.traveled3.A.paint B.laugh C.exercise D.care4.A.office B.hospital C.ship D.city5.A.positive B.busy C.calm D.weak6.A.searching B.repairing C.sharing D.cleaning7.A.setoff B.cameover C.lookedaround D.calledback8.A.company B.freedom C.challenge D.rest9.A.drop B.answer C.request D.mention10.A.happened B.continued C.appeared D.worked11.A.showed B.lent C.promised D.delivered12.A.broken B.ancient C.empty D.foreign13.A.youthful B.smart C.fun D.secret14.A.manage B.decide C.refuse D.fail15.A.difficult B.ordinary C.valuable D.longIV.語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(24-25高一下·湖南長沙·開學(xué)考試)Readingtheclassicsisatimelesspursuitthat1(enrich)themindandsoul.Theseworksoftenexploreuniversalthemessuchaslove,ambition,andthestrugglebetweengoodandevil,revealingthe2(deep)ofhumanemotionandmotivation.Similarly,theancientGreekepics,suchasHomer’sIliadandOdyssey,3(offer)insightsintothevaluesofheroismandhonor.JaneAusten’snovelsar