PAGE1專題08非謂語動詞(初高中銜接)內(nèi)容導航考點聚焦：核心考點+高考考點，有的放矢重點速記：知識點和關鍵點梳理，查漏補缺難點強化：難點內(nèi)容標注與講解，能力提升復習提升：真題感知+提升專練，全面突破核心考點聚焦考點一動詞不定式考點一動詞不定式(一)時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化語態(tài)式一般式完成式進行式完成進行式主動todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoing被動tobedonetohavebeendone(1)作主語：Todotheexerciseisgood.=Itisgoodtodotheexercise(動詞不定式作主語時，一般可用it作形式主語，而將作主語的動詞不定式置于句末。)(2)作表語：Myjobistodrivethemtothepowerstationeveryday.溫馨提示：動詞不定式在系動詞be之后作表語，與表示將來時的be+動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有所區(qū)別。Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.主語謂語表語我們的計劃是給農(nóng)民子弟再成立一所中學。(plan并不是動詞不定式的邏輯主語，即動詞不定式tosetup所表示的動作不是主語plan產(chǎn)生的。)Wearetosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.主語謂語賓語我們將為農(nóng)民的子弟再成立一所中學。(we是動詞不定式tosetup所表示的動作的邏輯主語，即動詞不定式tosetup所表示的動作是由we產(chǎn)生的)。(3)作賓語：①作及物動詞的賓語。Shewishestobeamusician.②作某些形容詞的賓語：可以有動詞不定式為賓語的形容詞一般有glad,sorry,afraid,pleased,determined,willing,eager,anxious,ready,sure等，Iamdeterminedtogiveupsmoking.溫馨提示：動詞不定式一般不作介詞的賓語，但動詞不定式之前如有疑問詞時，就可作介詞的賓語，如：Canyougiveussomeadviceonhowtosolvetheproblem?(4)作賓語補足語(如果句中的謂語動詞為see,hear,watch,notice,have,make,let等，作賓語補足語的動詞不定式須將to省去)Tellthechildrennottoplaythegame.Isawalittlegirlenterintothehouse.Idon’tthinkitrighttodoitthatway.溫馨提示：動詞不定式在句中作賓語，如帶有賓語補足語時，須先用it作形式賓語，而將該動詞不定式后置。(5)作定語：Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?(動詞不定式位于被其修飾的名詞或代詞之后)Heisthemantodependon.(動詞是不及物動詞，不定式后面就要用必要的介詞)Theoldmanislookingforaquietplacetolive.(名詞為place,time,way，不定式后面的介詞，習慣上可以省去)(6)作狀語：①目的狀語EverymorninghegetsupveryearlytoreadEnglish.ShereadsChinaDailyeverydayinorderto(soasto)improveherEnglish.=InordertoimproveherEnglishshereadsChinaDailyeveryday.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,onemustworkhardatit.②結(jié)果狀語：Theylivedtoseetheliberationoftheirhometown.Youareoldenoughtotakecareofyourselfnow.(too+形容詞或副詞+動詞不定式，表示“足能…”的結(jié)果)1.Therewillbemanytasksforthem________(complete)nextmonth.【答案】tocomplete【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：下個月他們將有許多任務要完成?？仗幮揎梩asks，表示將要做的事情，complete與tasks構(gòu)成動賓關系，此處用不定式作后置定語。故填tocomplete。2.Sheranallthewayuptothestation,only________(find)thatthetrainhadleftfifteenminutesbefore.【答案】tofind考點二動名詞【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：她一路跑到車站，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車早在十五分鐘前就開走了。此處是固定搭配：onlytodo意為“不料(卻)……；結(jié)果(卻)……”，不定式作結(jié)果狀語。故填考點二動名詞動名詞由動詞原形家詞尾-ing構(gòu)成1)直接位于句首做主語。(動名詞做主語時，謂語動詞為單數(shù))Readingisanart.Climbingmountainsisreallyfun.Workingintheseconditionsisnotapleasurebutasuffering.2)用it作形式主語，把動名詞(真實主語)置于句尾作后置主語的常用句型：Itis+nouse/nogood/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/awasteoftime/aplessure…+v.ing注意：important，essential，necessary等形容詞后面不用動名詞(常用不定式)。Itisnouse/nogoodcryingoverspiltmilk.Itisawasteoftimepersuadingsuchapersontojoinus.Itwashardgettingonthecrowdedstreetcar.Itisfunplayingwithchildren.3)“Therebe”結(jié)構(gòu)。(在“Therebe”句型中，只能用動名詞，而不能用不定式作主語)Thereisnosayingwhenhe'llcome.Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.Thereisnoholdingbackthewheelofhistory.注意：動名詞用于布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Nosmoking(=Nosmokingisallowed(here)).禁止吸煙。Noparking.禁止停車。4)動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語當動名詞有自己的邏輯主語時，常可以在前面加上一個物主代詞或名詞所有格，構(gòu)成動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)。動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)也可以在句中作主語。例如：Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.LaoLi’sgoingtherewon’tbeofmuchhelp.2、作賓語(1)作動詞的賓語某些動詞后出現(xiàn)非限定性動詞時只能用動名詞作賓語，不能用不定式。常見的此類動詞有：advise,suggest,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,cannothelp,imagine,include,keep,keepon,mind,miss,delay,practise,resist,postpone(推遲)，deny(否認),appreciate(欣賞，感激),escape,excuse,pardon,can’tstand,putoff,giveup等。Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?ShesuggestedgoingtotheGreatWallforthespringouting.Seeingthepicture,hecouldn’thelplaughing.Markoftenattemptstoescapebeingfinedwheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.溫馨提示：在下面這種結(jié)構(gòu)中也可以用動名詞(短語)做賓語：find/think/consider…+it(形式賓語)+nouse/nogood/useless…+v.ing(真正賓語)。形容詞worth后也可接動名詞，作為復合謂語的賓語。Ifounditpleasantwalkingalongtheseashore.Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?Themusiciswellworthlisteningtomorethanonce.(2)作介詞的賓語Wearethinkingofmakinganewplanforthenextterm.Shallwehavearestorgetdowntodoingourwork?(to介詞)AnnhasbeenlookingforwardtocomingtoChinaforalongtime.(to介詞)溫馨提示：在下面的結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞in?？墒÷裕?1)S+have+trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/astruggle/agoodtime/ahardtime+(in)+v.ing(2)S+spengtime/money+(in)+V.ing(3)S+bebusy+(in)+V.ing(4)S+losenotime+(in)+V.ing(立即……)Wearebusy(in)preparingforthecomingsportsmeet.Doyouhaveanydifficulty(in)understandingspokenEnglish?3、作表語動名詞作表語時句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或what引導的名詞性從句。表語動名詞與主語通常是對等的關系，表示主語的內(nèi)容，主語、表語可互換位置。Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.(Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.)WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.(BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.)4、作定語動名詞作定語往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途awalkingstick＝astickforwalking=astickwhichisusedforwalkingawashingmachine=amachineforwashing=amachinewhichisusedforwashingareadingroom=aroomforreading=aroomwhichisusedforreadingsleepingpills=pillsforsleeping=pillswhichisusedforsleeping一般過去時的被動語態(tài)(主語+was/were+done)Thebuildingwasbuilttenyearsago.(肯定)→Thebuildingwasn’tbuilttenyearsago.(否定句，在was,were后加not)→Wasthebuildingbuilttenyearsago?(一般疑問句，把was,were提句首)1.Becausemybikeneeds________(repair),Ihavetowalktoschoolthesedays.【答案】repairing/toberepaired【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：因為我的自行車需要修理，這些天我不得不走路去上學。needdoing相當于needtobedone，意為“某事需要被做”，故填repairing/toberepaired。2.Sheiskeenon________(learn)howtoplaythepiano,soshepracticeseveryday.【答案】learning考點三現(xiàn)在分詞【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：她熱衷于學習彈鋼琴，所以她每天都練習?？涨皁n是介詞，空處動詞需用動名詞形式learning作賓語。故填考點三現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式由“動詞+ing”構(gòu)成，其被動式為“being+動詞過去分詞”。完成式由“having+動詞過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其被動式為“having+been+動詞過去分詞”。否定式為“not+動詞-ing”，被動式的否定式為“not+being+動詞過去分詞”，其完成式的否定式為“not+having+動詞過去分詞”。1.作定語一般說來，單個的現(xiàn)在分詞一般可以前置作定語，修飾名詞；如果現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成分詞短語則后置作定語。Keepquiet.Don'twakeupthesleepingchildren.Weliveinaroomfacingthesouth.2.作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語時總是放在系動詞的后面，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示主語的狀態(tài)。Thestorysoundsinteresting.這故事聽起來很有趣。Thepromisingfutureismoreencouragingthaneverbefore.Itisannoyingthatthemeetingshouldbeputoff.3.作賓語補足語通常用在感官動詞或使役動詞的賓語后面，表示主動或動作正在進行。Somepeopleleavethewaterrunningafterwashinghands.WhenIfoundhimcheating,Idecidednottoaccepthisflatteriesandapologiesanymore.4.作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，相當于一個表示原因、時間、方式、條件、結(jié)果等情況的狀語從句。根據(jù)需要可以使用被動式或完成式。1)表示時間，相當于狀語從句when,while。Hewentthroughthepaperswhilelisteningtomusic.Studyingatthehometown,Ienjoyedthehappiesttimeduringmylife.2)表示條件，相當于if引導的條件狀語從句。Beinggivenoncemoretime,Iwillfinishthetask!Preparingfully,wearesuretopassthetest.3)表示原因，相當于原因狀語從句because,since,for,as,etc.Notunderstandingtherelationshipbetweenthetwocases,Iaskedthelawyeraboutit.Beingill,shecan'tgotoworktoday.4)表示讓步，相當于though,although或nomatter+特殊疑問詞引導的讓步狀語從句。Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.Althoughworkinghardeveryday,westillhaveendlessworktodealwith.5)表示結(jié)果，相當于結(jié)果狀語從句。Hisparents'letterhasjustcome,relievinghimfromanxiety.Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,causingthedelay.6)表示方式或伴隨狀語。Theylayonthegrass,lookingatthesky.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandjumping.1.Thememoryofthepasttimecame________(crowd)intomymindwhenIsawthepicture.【答案】crowding【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：當我看到這幅畫時，過去的記憶涌上心頭。主句中已有謂語動詞came，空處應用非謂語動詞，crowd和邏輯主語memory之間為主動關系，應用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。故填crowding。2.Theproblem________(discuss)nowisextremelycrucial.【答案】beingdiscussed考點四過去分詞【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：現(xiàn)在正在討論的問題是極其關鍵的。句子的謂語為is，空處應用非謂語動詞作后置定語修飾主語“Theproblem”，discuss和problem之間是被動關系，結(jié)合now可知此處表示正在發(fā)生的事情，使用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)beingdiscussed作后置定語，故填考點四過去分詞過去分詞只有一種形式，也沒有主動語態(tài)，它所表示的動作是一個被動的或是已完成的動作。過去分詞在句中也可用作定語、表語、賓語或狀語等成分。1.作定語：thefallenleaves落葉(單個單詞，就位于其修飾的名詞之前)Themeetingheldlastnightisveryimportant.(分詞短語，就位于其修飾的名詞之后。被過去分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯主語)2.作表語：Theglassisbroken.(broken表示theglass所處的狀態(tài))Theglasswasbrokenbymylittlebrother.(被動語態(tài))拓展延伸：作表語用的過去分詞在許多詞典中已列為形容詞，如：crowded,devoted,discouraged,done,dressed,drunk,experienced,frightened,gone,hurt,interested,killed,known,learned,lost,pleased,satisfied,shut,surprised,tired,undressed,worried,astonished,broken,completed,covered等。3.作賓語補足語WhenIopenedthedoor,Ifoundthegroundcoveredbyfallenleaves.(find的賓語補足語)Ihadmybikerepairedyesterday.(have的賓語補足語)4.作狀語Seenfromthehill/Whenseenfromthehill,ourtownlooksbeautiful.(時間狀語)Givenmoretime/Ifgivenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.(條件狀語)1.Iwishallour________(donate)moneyandourlovewillflytothedisasterareaverysoon.【答案】donated【詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：我希望我們所有的捐款和愛心都能盡快飛到災區(qū)。設空處修飾名詞money作定語，和名詞之間是被動關系，應用過去分詞，故填donated。2.Shefoundthekitten________(frighten)bythefireworks,hidingunderthesofa.【答案】frightened【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：她發(fā)現(xiàn)小貓被煙花嚇壞了，躲在沙發(fā)底下。此處是“find+賓語+賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，frighten和kitten之間是被動關系，應用過去分詞作賓補，故填frightened。3.________(lose)inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.【答案】Lost【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：因為陷入沉思，他幾乎要撞上了他前面的汽車。動詞lose和句子主語he是邏輯上的動賓關系，用過去分詞形式，表示被動，作狀語。位于句首，首字母大寫。故填Lost。1.Allthings________(consider),itcouldbeawhilebeforeweembraceahighly-developedhealthcaresystem.【答案】considered【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：從全面考慮，我們還需要一段時間才能擁有高度發(fā)達的醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用逗號與主句分開，與主句之間沒有使用任何連接詞，且有獨立主語，為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，且Allthings與consider之間是邏輯上的被動關系，故應用過去分詞。故填considered。2.Thepartywillbeheldinthegardenasscheduled,weather________(permit).【答案】permitting【詳解】考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：如果天氣允許，晚會將如期在花園里舉行。分析句子可知，此處為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，所以此處動詞應為非謂語形式，weather和動詞permit為主動關系，所以為現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填permitting。3.(24-25高一下·黑龍江大慶·開學考試)AccordingtodatareleasedbytheNHC,bytheendof2021Chinahadthelargestnumberofdogsintheworld,withover12millionpeople________(bite)eachyear.【答案】bitten【詳解】考查with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：根據(jù)國家衛(wèi)生健康委發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)，到2021年底，中國擁有世界上最多的狗，每年有超過1200萬人被咬傷。設空處構(gòu)成with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)，with的賓語“over12millionpeople”和動詞bite之間是被動關系，應用過去分詞作賓補，故填bitten。4.Withalocalguide________(lead)usalltheway,wehadagreattimeinthebeautifulmountain.【答案】leading【詳解】考查with復合結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：在當?shù)貙в蔚囊宦穾ьI下，我們在這座美麗的山上度過了一段美好的時光?？仗幨莣ith復合結(jié)構(gòu)，所給詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作guide的補足語，由于guide是lead的動作執(zhí)行者，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填leading。5.(16-17高一下·福建廈門·開學考試)Withtime________(go)by,Iwasmadesmaller.【答案】going【詳解】考查with復合結(jié)構(gòu)和現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：隨著時間的流逝，我變得越來越小?！癢ithtime______(go)by”是“with+賓語+賓語補足語”復合結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)語境可知，time與goby是主謂關系，用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動關系，作賓補。故填going。6.Thedeterminedyoungmanstruggled________(make)endsmeet,workingpart-timeinarestaurantinhissparetime.【答案】tomake【詳解】考查固定短語。句意：這位堅定的年輕人努力奮斗維持生計，業(yè)余時間在餐館做兼職。根據(jù)句意可知，此處是固定短語struggletodosth.“努力做某事”。故填tomake。7.(24-25高一下·廣東茂名·階段練習)Shefoundthekitten________(frighten)bythefireworks,hidingunderthesofa.【答案】frightened【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：她發(fā)現(xiàn)小貓被煙花嚇壞了，躲在沙發(fā)底下。此處是“find+賓語+賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，frighten和kitten之間是被動關系，應用過去分詞作賓補，故填frightened。8.(24-25高一上·安徽六安·開學考試)Onthenightofmybirthday,Icouldhearthewindows________(beat)bytheraindrops.【答案】beaten【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在我生日的那天晚上，我能聽到雨滴打在窗戶上的聲音。句中謂語是couldhear，空格處用非謂語動詞，賓語thewindows和beat是邏輯被動關系，結(jié)合by可知，空格處用過去分詞形式作賓補，故填beaten。9.Paulknewthat________(be)shorterthanotherplayersmeantthathehadtopracticemore.【答案】being【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：保羅知道，比其他球員矮意味著他必須練習更多?？仗幾鱰hat引導的賓語從句的主語，需用動名詞形式。故填being。10.Thegovernmentdesignedandbuiltthegreenwaysystem________(aim)atofferingconvenienceandbenefitstopeopleandimprovingthecity’secologicalenvironment.【答案】aimed【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：政府設計并建造了綠色通道系統(tǒng)旨在為人們提供便利和福利，并改善城市的生態(tài)環(huán)境。句中已有謂語動詞designedandbuilt，空處應填非謂語動詞形式，修飾thegreenwaysystem，aim與thegreenwaysystem是邏輯上的動賓關系，應用過去分詞aimed作后置定語。故填aimed。提升專練I.單句語法填空1.(24-25高一下·甘肅蘭州·開學考試)Becausemybikeneeds________(repair),Ihavetowalktoschoolthesedays.【答案】repairing/toberepaired【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：因為我的自行車需要修理，這些天我不得不走路去上學。needdoing相當于needtobedone，意為“某事需要被做”，故填repairing/toberepaired。2.(24-25高一下·安徽·開學考試)Therewillbemanytasksforthem________(complete)nextmonth.【答案】tocomplete【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：下個月他們將有許多任務要完成。空處修飾tasks，表示將要做的事情，complete與tasks構(gòu)成動賓關系，此處用不定式作后置定語。故填tocomplete。3.(24-25高一下·安徽·開學考試)Sheranallthewayuptothestation,only________(find)thatthetrainhadleftfifteenminutesbefore.【答案】tofind【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：她一路跑到車站，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車早在十五分鐘前就開走了。此處是固定搭配：onlytodo意為“不料(卻)……；結(jié)果(卻)……”，不定式作結(jié)果狀語。故填tofind。4.Proudlyreadingmywords,Iglancedaroundtheroom,only________(find)myclassmatesbearingbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyes.【答案】tofind【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：自豪地讀著我的話，我環(huán)顧了一下教室，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)我的同學們臉上掛著燦爛的笑容，都笑出了眼淚。根據(jù)上文“Proudlyreadingmywords”可推知，“我”還在為自己行為感到自豪，但同學們卻在大笑，“myclassmatesbearingbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyes”是出乎意料的結(jié)果，常用“(only)+todo”作結(jié)果狀語。故填tofind。5.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurface,doexercisesto________(strength)yourlegmuscles.【答案】strengthen【詳解】考查動詞。句意：為了避免膝蓋疼痛，你可以在柔軟的地面上跑步，做一些鍛煉來加強你的腿部肌肉。由句意及空前的youcanrunonsoftsurface,doexercisesto及空后的yourlegmuscles可知應填動詞原形，不定式作目的狀語。故填strengthen。6.(24-25高一下·安徽·開學考試)Sheiskeenon________(learn)howtoplaythepiano,soshepracticeseveryday.【答案】learning【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：她熱衷于學習彈鋼琴，所以她每天都練習?？涨皁n是介詞，空處動詞需用動名詞形式learning作賓語。故填learning。7.(24-25高一下·廣東佛山·開學考試)Paulknewthat________(be)shorterthanotherplayersmeantthathehadtopracticemore.【答案】being【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：保羅知道，比其他球員矮意味著他必須練習更多?？仗幾鱰hat引導的賓語從句的主語，需用動名詞形式。故填being。8.Mymumkeeps________(tell)metostudyhardforbrightfuture.【答案】telling【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我媽媽一直告訴我為了美好的未來，要努力學習?！発eepdoing”意為“一直做某事”，故填telling。9.(24-25高一下·甘肅蘭州·開學考試)Thememoryofthepasttimecame________(crowd)intomymindwhenIsawthepicture.【答案】crowding【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：當我看到這幅畫時，過去的記憶涌上心頭。主句中已有謂語動詞came，空處應用非謂語動詞，crowd和邏輯主語memory之間為主動關系，應用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。故填crowding。10.(24-25高一下·甘肅蘭州·開學考試)Theproblem________(discuss)nowisextremelycrucial.【答案】beingdiscussed【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：現(xiàn)在正在討論的問題是極其關鍵的。句子的謂語為is，空處應用非謂語動詞作后置定語修飾主語“Theproblem”，discuss和problem之間是被動關系，結(jié)合now可知此處表示正在發(fā)生的事情，使用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)beingdiscussed作后置定語，故填beingdiscussed。11.(24-25高一下·廣東佛山·開學考試)Thegovernmentdesignedandbuiltthegreenwaysystem________(aim)atofferingconvenienceandbenefitstopeopleandimprovingthecity’secologicalenvironment.【答案】aimed【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：政府設計并建造了綠色通道系統(tǒng)旨在為人們提供便利和福利，并改善城市的生態(tài)環(huán)境。句中已有謂語動詞designedandbuilt，空處應填非謂語動詞形式，修飾thegreenwaysystem，aim與thegreenwaysystem是邏輯上的動賓關系，應用過去分詞aimed作后置定語。故填aimed。12.Thepartywillbeheldinthegardenasscheduled,weather________(permit).【答案】permitting【詳解】考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：如果天氣允許，晚會將如期在花園里舉行。分析句子可知，此處為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，所以此處動詞應為非謂語形式，weather和動詞permit為主動關系，所以為現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填permitting。13.(24-25高一下·吉林長春·開學考試)Iwishallour________(donate)moneyandourlovewillflytothedisasterareaverysoon.【答案】donated【詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：我希望我們所有的捐款和愛心都能盡快飛到災區(qū)。設空處修飾名詞money作定語，和名詞之間是被動關系，應用過去分詞，故填donated。14.(24-25高一下·廣東茂名·階段練習)Shefoundthekitten________(frighten)bythefireworks,hidingunderthesofa.【答案】frightened【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：她發(fā)現(xiàn)小貓被煙花嚇壞了，躲在沙發(fā)底下。此處是“find+賓語+賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，frighten和kitten之間是被動關系，應用過去分詞作賓補，故填frightened。15.________(lose)inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.【答案】Lost【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：因為陷入沉思，他幾乎要撞上了他前面的汽車。動詞lose和句子主語he是邏輯上的動賓關系，用過去分詞形式，表示被動，作狀語。位于句首，首字母大寫。故填Lost。16.Hespokeslowlytomakehimself________(understand).【答案】understood【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他慢慢地說，以使人理解他自己。動詞make后接復合賓語，動詞understand和賓語himself之間是被動關系，用其過去分詞作補足語，makeoneselfunderstood是固定句式。故填understood。17.YesterdayIfoundabookinthebookstore________(intend)forbirdlovers.【答案】intended【詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：昨天我在書店里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一本專為鳥類愛好者準備的書。find+賓語+賓補，beintendedfor…意為：打算為……所用、是為……而設計的，用過去分詞intended作賓補，過去分詞短語intendedforbirdlovers對賓語abook進行補充說明。故填intended。18.Michaelputupaposterofthisfamousscientistbesidethebedtokeephimself________(remind)ofhisowndreams.【答案】reminded【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：邁克爾在床邊貼了一張這位著名科學家的海報，讓自己想起自己的夢想。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需要非謂語動詞作賓語補足語。該動詞和賓語之間為被動關系，所以用過去分詞作賓補。故填reminded。19.________(surround)byagreatmanytrees,themoderntallbuildingisthenewly-builtstadiumofourschool.【答案】Surrounded【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這座現(xiàn)代化的高樓是我們學校新建的體育場，周圍有許多樹。句中有謂語，且前后無連詞，此處應用非謂語動詞作狀語，主語themoderntallbuilding和動詞surround是被動關系，應用非謂語動詞作狀語，句首單詞首字母大寫，故填Surrounded。20.Iusuallyhavefastfood________(deliver)tomyofficewhenIambusy.【答案】delivered【詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：當我忙的時候，我通常叫快餐送到我的辦公室。分析句子可知，此處為動詞短語havesthdone“使某事被做”，滿足句意要求，fastfood與deliver之間為被動關系，所以此處為過去分詞形式作賓補成分。故填delivered。II.閱讀理解(24-25高一下·云南昭通·開學考試)ThephotographsthatScillatookasa16-year-oldgirlonthestreetsofLondonin1955stayedlargelyinheralbum(相冊)overtheyears.Scillaisnow86,andherself-developedblack-and-whitephotoshavebeenbroughtbacktolifeaftertheywerediscoveredbyateenagephotographer.Overthepastyear,PhilipLoveday,16,hasbeenrevisitinghisgrandmother’spathacrossthecapitaltocarefullyrephotographthepictures.Hisjourneythroughtimewithacamerahasbeenespeciallymoving,becausehisgrandmother,Scilla,hasAlzheimer’sdisease(阿爾茨海默癥)andhaslostmanyofhermemories.PhiliptooknewphotosthatlookedliketheonesScillatooklongago,andputtheminanewalbum.EachpageofScilla’soldalbumwascopiedandputinthenewone,withPhilip’snewphotosontheoppositepages.Philip’smother,CatherineLoveday,saidScillahadbeenhappywiththenewalbum,whichhad“putherbackinhershoes”asateenager.Philipsaidhismothershowedhimthealbumshehadfoundathermother’shouse.GreatlyabsorbedinhowmodernLondonwouldcomparetothecityphotographedbyhisgrandmother,PhilipandhismotherbegantomaketripsintocentralLondon.Duringthetrips,theyhadtheideaofretakingthephotos.Someoftheplacesaresimilar,likeBigBen.Othersshowhowthecityhasmodernized.UnlikeScilla’sviewofSt.Paul’sCathedralfromtheThames,Philip’sretakehastheMilleniumBridge.WhenScillaphotographedtheJohnLewisstoreonOxfordStreet,itwasaone-storeybuildingnowithassevenfloors.Philiphadtousehisimaginationtorecreateothersights.Scillahasrepeatedlyreturnedtohernewalbumsincereceivingit.Philipsaid,“It’sniceforhertoseesomeonetakinganinterestinthosephotosandgoingbackoverthem,andalsogoodforhertoconnectherpasttowherewearenow.”1.WhyisPhilip’sre-photographingjourneysotouching?A.Becauseheisatalentedteenagephotographer.B.BecausehehelpshisAlzheimer’s-sufferinggrandmotherrecallherpast.C.BecauseheisshowinghowmuchLondonhaschangedovertheyears.D.Becauseheisusingmoderntechnologytoenhancetheoldphotos.2.WhatmotivatedPhiliptoretakethephotos?A.Hisgrandmother’srequestbeforeshegotill.B.Hiseagernesstoshowhisphotographyskills.C.HisinterestincomparingmodernandoldLondon.D.Hismother’sencouragementtostartanewproject.3.WhatcanweinferfromthefactthatScillarepeatedlyreturnstohernewalbum?A.SheisdisappointedwiththechangesinLondon.B.Thealbumhelpsherreconnectwithherpastmemories.C.ShewantstocorrectthemistakesinPhilip’sphotos.D.Shewantstofindmoredifferencesbetweentheoldandnewphotos.4.WhichwordscanbestdescribePhilip?A.Thoughtfulandcreative. B.Carelessanddisorganized.C.Ambitiousbutdependent. D.Uninterestedanduntrustworthy.【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述16歲的PhilipLoveday為患有阿爾茨海默氏癥的祖母Scilla重新拍攝倫敦街頭的照片，喚醒了她少年時的記憶。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Hisjourneythroughtimewithacamerahasbeenespeciallymoving,becausehisgrandmother,Scilla,hasAlzheimer’sdisease(阿爾茨海默癥)andhaslostmanyofhermemories.(他帶著相機穿越時空的旅程特別感人，因為他的祖母Scilla患有阿爾茨海默病，失去了許多記憶。)”和第三段中“Philip’smother,CatherineLoveday,saidScillahadbeenhappywiththenewalbum,whichhad‘putherbackinhershoes’asateenager.(Philip的母親CatherineLoveday說，Scilla對新相冊很滿意，這本相冊‘讓她回到了十幾歲的時候’。)”可知，Philip的攝影之旅很打動人，是因為他幫助患有阿爾茨海默癥的祖母回憶過去，故選B。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“GreatlyabsorbedinhowmodernLondonwouldcomparetothecityphotographedbyhisgrandmother,PhilipandhismotherbegantomaketripsintocentralLondon.Duringthetrips,theyhadtheideaofretakingthephotos.(Philip和他的母親深深沉迷于現(xiàn)代倫敦與祖母拍攝的城市的對比，開始到倫敦市中心旅行。在旅途中，他們有了重新拍攝照片的想法。)”可知，Philip對比較現(xiàn)代和舊倫敦很感興趣，所以決定重拍照片，故選C。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Philip’smother,CatherineLoveday,saidScillahadbeenhappywiththenewalbum,whichhad‘putherbackinhershoes’asateenager.(Philip的母親CatherineLoveday說，Scilla對新相冊很滿意，這張專輯‘讓她回到了十幾歲的時候，’)”和最后一段中“Philiphadtousehisimaginationtorecreateothersights.Scillahasrepeatedlyreturnedtohernewalbumsincereceivingit.Philipsaid,‘It’sniceforhertoseesomeonetakinganinterestinthosephotosandgoingbackoverthem,andalsogoodforhertoconnectherpasttowherewearenow.’(自從收到她的新相冊后，Scilla多次回到她的新相冊中。Philip說：‘對她來說，看到有人對這些照片感興趣并回顧它們是件好事，這也有利于她將自己的過去與我們現(xiàn)在的處境聯(lián)系起來?！?”可知，Scilla反復看她的新相冊，這說明這本相冊幫助她重新與過去的記憶聯(lián)系起來，故選B。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Overthepastyear,PhilipLoveday,16,hasbeenrevisitinghisgrandmother’spathacrossthecapitaltocarefullyrephotographthepictures.Hisjourneythroughtimewithacamerahasbeenespeciallymoving,becausehisgrandmother,Scilla,hasAlzheimer’sdisease(阿爾茨海默癥)andhaslostmanyofhermemories.(在過去的一年里，16歲的PhilipLoveday一直在首都重訪祖母走過的路，仔細地重新拍攝這些照片。他帶著相機穿越時空的旅程特別感人，因為他的祖母Scilla患有阿爾茨海默病，失去了許多記憶。)”和第四段中“GreatlyabsorbedinhowmodernLondonwouldcomparetothecityphotographedbyhisgrandmother,PhilipandhismotherbegantomaketripsintocentralLondon.Duringthetrips,theyhadtheideaofretakingthephotos.(Philip和他的母親深深沉迷于現(xiàn)代倫敦與祖母拍攝的城市的對比，開始到倫敦市中心旅行。在旅途中，他們有了重新拍攝照片的想法。)”可知，Philip重訪患有阿爾茲海默癥的祖母走過的路，仔細地為她重新拍攝舊照，旅途中有了重新拍攝照片比較現(xiàn)代和舊倫敦的想法，說明他體貼且有創(chuàng)意，故選A。III.完形填空(24-25高一下·山東聊城·開學考試)WhenIwaslittle,Ispentmuchtimeatmygrandfather’shouse,watchinghimpaintalldaylong.WhatIremembermostwashowhe1paintingoldships.AsIgrewup,wehardly2.Inoticedhedidn’treally3muchanymore.Aboutayearago,hehadaheartattack.Inandoutofthe4forawhile,herecoveredbutwasstill5,movingaroundhishouseinawheelchair.Then,Istarted6hishouseandwebegantotalkmore.Wediscussedlifeandourinterests.EverytimeI7,hewantedtotalkalot.Ifiguredhewaslonelyandenjoyedthe8.Wonderingwhyhedidn’tstartpaintingagain,Imadeitapointtocasually(不經(jīng)意地)9itwhenIcameover,tellinghimoftenthatheshouldpaintagain.It10!Hestartedsendingmetobuypaintandposterboards.Heaskedmeaboutcolorsand11mehispaintings.Ilovedthewayhepaintedthe12ships.Helookedhappier.Paintingseemedtohavebroughtbacksome13partofhim.Cleaningformygrandpahasbroughtuscloser.Despitehisseventy-fiveyearsofage,I14todiscouragehimfrompainting.Daysliketheseare15,andIenjoythelittlemoments.1.A.missed B.started C.loved D.avoided2.A.fought B.explored C.spoke D.traveled3.A.paint B.laugh C.exercise D.care4.A.office B.hospital C.ship D.city5.A.positive B.busy C.calm D.weak6.A.searching B.repairing C.sharing D.cleaning7.A.setoff B.cameover C.lookedaround D.calledback8.A.company B.freedom C.challenge D.rest9.A.drop B.answer C.request D.mention10.A.happened B.continued C.appeared D.worked11.A.showed B.lent C.promised D.delivered12.A.broken B.ancient C.empty D.foreign13.A.youthful B.smart C.fun D.secret14.A.manage B.decide C.refuse D.fail15.A.difficult B.ordinary C.valuable D.long【答案】1.C2.C3.A4.B5.D6.D7.B8.A9.D10.D11.A12.B13.A14.C15.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者與祖父之間的故事，特別是關于祖父畫畫的興趣和經(jīng)歷。作者小時候經(jīng)常看祖父畫畫，但長大后與祖父的交流變少。祖父生病后，作者開始幫他打掃房子，兩人之間的交流增多。作者發(fā)現(xiàn)祖父喜歡有人陪伴，并鼓勵他重新畫畫。1.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我印象最深的是他是多么熱愛畫古老的船只。A.missed錯過；B.started開始；C.loved愛；D.avoided避免。根據(jù)上文“WhenIwaslittle,Ispentmuchtimeatmygrandfather’shouse,watchinghimpaintalldaylong.”可推測，作者的祖父很熱愛畫古老的船只。故選C。2.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著我漸漸長大，我們幾乎不再交流。A.fought打架；B.explored探索；C.spoke說話；D.traveled旅行。根據(jù)下文“Then,Istarted

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hishouseandwebegantotalkmore.”可推測，著作者長大，和祖父幾乎不怎么說話交流了。故選C。3.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我注意到他不怎么畫畫了。A.paint繪畫；B.laugh笑；C.exercise鍛煉；D.care關心、在意。根據(jù)下文“Wonderingwhyhedidn’tstartpaintingagain,Imadeitapointtocasually(不經(jīng)意地)

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itwhenIcameover,tellinghimoftenthatheshouldpaintagain.”可知，隨著作者漸漸長大，作者注意到祖父不怎么畫畫了。故選A。4.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：大約一年前，他心臟病發(fā)作了。反復在醫(yī)院治療幾次后，他康復了，但身體仍然很虛弱，只能坐著輪椅在房子里四處活動。A.office辦公室；B.hospital醫(yī)院；C.ship船；D.city城市。根據(jù)上文“Aboutayearago,hehadaheartattack.”可知，祖父心臟病發(fā)作，會去醫(yī)院治療。故選B。5.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：大約一年前，他心臟病發(fā)作了。反復在醫(yī)院治療幾次后，他康復了，但身體仍然很虛弱，只能坐著輪椅在房子里四處活動。A.positive積極的；B.busy忙碌的；C.calm平靜的；D.weak虛弱的。根據(jù)下文“movingaroundhishouseinawheelchair”可知，祖父需要坐輪椅四處活動，由此可知，祖父雖然康復了但身體仍然很虛弱。故選D。6.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：后來，我開始打掃他的房子，我們也開始更多地交談。A.searching搜尋；B.repairing修理；C.sharing分享；D.cleaning清潔。根據(jù)最后一段“Cleaningformygrandpahasbroughtuscloser.”可知，祖父身體虛弱，所以作者為他打掃房屋。故選D。7.考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：每次我去他家，他都有很多話想說。A.setoff出發(fā)、動身；B.cameover過來；C.lookedaround環(huán)顧四周；D.calledback回電話。根據(jù)下文“whenIcameover”可知，每次作者過來，祖父都有說不完的話。故選B。8.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我覺得他很孤獨，喜歡有人陪伴。A.company公司、陪伴；B.freedom自由；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.rest休息。根據(jù)上文“EverytimeI

___7___,hewantedtotalkalot.”可知，作者每次來的時候，祖父都會有很多話想說。由此可推測，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)祖父很孤獨，喜歡有人陪他。故選A。9.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我很納悶他為什么不再畫畫了，所以每次去他家時，我都會特意不經(jīng)意地提到這件事，還經(jīng)常跟他說他應該再畫畫。A.drop掉落；B.answer回答；C.request請求；D.mention提及。根據(jù)下文“tellinghimoftenthatheshouldpaintagain”可知，作者會向祖父提到畫畫這件事。故選D。10.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這個辦法奏效了！A.happened發(fā)生；B.continued繼續(xù)；C.appeared出現(xiàn)；D.worked起作用。根據(jù)下文“Hestartedsendingmetobuypaintandposterboards.”可知，作者的做法起作用了，祖父又開始畫畫了。故選D。11.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他會問我關于顏色的問題，還向我展示他的畫作。A.showed展示；B.lent借出；C.promised承諾；D.delivered遞送。根據(jù)空后的“mehispaintings”可知，祖父開始畫畫后會向作者展示畫作。故選A。12.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我喜歡他畫那些古老船只的方式。A.broken破碎的；B.ancient古老的；C.empty空的；D.foreign外國的。根據(jù)文章第一段“WhatIremembermostwashowhe

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paintingoldships.”可知，祖父喜歡畫古老的船只。故選B。13.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：畫畫似乎讓他找回了一些年輕的活力。A.youthful年輕的；B.smart聰明的；C.fun有趣的；D.secret秘密的。根據(jù)上文“Helookedhappier.”以及上文提到的作者幼時祖父經(jīng)常作畫可推測，畫畫讓祖父找回了年輕的活力。故選A。14.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管他已經(jīng)75歲了，但我不會去阻止他畫畫。A.manage管理、設法做成；B.decide決定；C.refuse拒絕；D.fail失敗。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，作者感受到了祖父的孤獨才建議祖父畫畫，由此可知，作者不會阻止祖父畫畫。故選C。15.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：像這樣的時光是很寶貴的，我很享受這些美好的瞬間。A.difficult困難的；B.ordinary普通的；C.valuable有價值的、昂貴的；D.long長的。根據(jù)下文“Ienjoythelittlemoments”可知，作者喜歡和祖父一起的美好瞬間。由此可知，作者認為這樣的時光很寶貴。故選C。IV.語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(24-25高一下·湖南長沙·開學考試)Readingtheclassicsisatimelesspursuitthat1(enrich)themindandsoul.Theseworksoftenexploreuniversalthemessuchaslove,ambition,andthestrugglebetweengoodandevil,revealingthe2(deep)ofhumanemotionandmotivation.Similarly,theancientGreekepics,suchasHomer’sIliadandOdyssey,3(offer)insightsintothevaluesofheroismandhonor.JaneAusten’snovelsarenoto