PAGE1專題03構(gòu)詞法內(nèi)容導(dǎo)航考點聚焦：核心考點+高考考點，有的放矢重點速記：知識點和關(guān)鍵點梳理，查漏補缺難點強化：難點內(nèi)容標(biāo)注與講解，能力提升復(fù)習(xí)提升：真題感知+提升專練，全面突破核心考點聚焦構(gòu)詞法考點一合成法許多英語單詞的構(gòu)成都有一定的規(guī)律，這種規(guī)律被稱為構(gòu)詞法。掌握構(gòu)詞法知識對我們更好地理解詞義、認(rèn)識新詞和擴大詞匯量有重要意義。主要掌握合成法，轉(zhuǎn)換法和詞綴/考點一合成法把兩個或兩個以上的詞素放到一起，這種構(gòu)詞法稱為合成法。合成詞通常由兩個或兩個以上的自由詞素構(gòu)成不同詞性，最常見的包括：名詞合成詞，形容詞合成詞，動詞合成詞。之間有的用連字符連接，有的直接連接在一起。1.

合成名詞(1)名詞/代詞+名詞newspaper

blood-test

she-wolf(2)動詞+名詞typewriter

pickpocket

daybreak(3)形容詞+名詞greenhouse

highway(4)副詞+名詞overcoat

outside(5)名詞+v.-ing/v.-ing+名詞handwriting

reading-room

freezing-point(6)動詞+副詞/

副詞+

動詞breakthrough

get-together

outbreak

outcome(7)名詞+介詞+名詞sister-in-law

editor-in-chief2.

合成形容詞(1)名詞+形容詞/形容詞+名詞world-famous

duty-free

large-scale

long-term(2)副詞+形容詞over-anxious

evergreen(3)名詞+過去分詞man-made

sun-burnt(4)名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving

English-speaking(5)形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞good-looking

easy-going(6)副詞+過去分詞well-informed

widespread(7)副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hardworking

far-reaching(8)形容詞+名詞+edwarm-hearted

absent-minded(9)數(shù)詞+名詞+edthree-legged

ten-storied(10)數(shù)詞+名詞one-way

five-star(11)數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞ten-year-old

800-meter-long(12)名詞+to+名詞face-to-face

door-to-door3.

合成動詞(1)名詞+動詞baby-sit

sleepwalk(2)副詞+動詞outnumber

underestimate

overwork(3)形容詞+動詞whitewash4.

合成副詞(1)形容詞+名詞meanwhile

anyway(2)形容詞+副詞everywhere

anyhow(3)副詞+副詞however(4)介詞+名詞beforehand

overhead(5)介詞+副詞forever5.

合成代詞(1)代詞賓格+self/selvesherself

themselves(2)物主代詞+self/selvesmyself

yourselves(3)形容詞+名詞anything

nothing6.

合成介詞(1)副詞+名詞inside

outside(2)介詞+副詞without

within(3)副詞+介詞into1.(2025高一上·廣東·期中)WhichofthefollowingisNOTacompoundword?A.helpless B.eggplant C.hard-working D.sleepwalk2.Asweallknow,wordsformedbycombiningotherwordsarecalledcompounds,forexample,________.A.collection B.lifeboat C.WTO D.exchange3.Whichofthefollowingwordsiscreatedthesamewayassunflower!A.homework B.winner C.untidy D.musician4.His_____Englishisverygood,becauseheisfromAustralia,an________country.A.spoken;English-spokenB.speaking;English-speakingC.spoken;English-speaking考點二轉(zhuǎn)化法D.考點二轉(zhuǎn)化法在詞形不變的情況下，把一個單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種詞性，而沒有加任何詞綴，這種構(gòu)詞方法稱為轉(zhuǎn)換法。轉(zhuǎn)換法種類很多，但數(shù)量最多的是由名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞和由動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞兩大類。轉(zhuǎn)換后的詞義與轉(zhuǎn)換前的詞義通常有密切的聯(lián)系，但有時差異也很大。1.動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞try(v.嘗試→n.嘗試)read(v.閱讀→n.閱讀)swim(v.游泳→n.游泳)sigh(v.嘆氣→n.嘆氣)cry(v.哭→n.哭)shout(v.呼喊→n.呼喊)kiss(v.吻→n.吻)guess(v.猜測→n.猜測)2.名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞chair(n.椅子→v.主持) hand(n.手→v.上交)land(n.土地→v.著陸) cook(n.廚師→v.烹調(diào))order(n.命令→v.訂購) name(n.名字→v.取名)lift(n.電梯→v.舉起) picture(n.畫→v.描繪)press(n.報刊→v.擠壓) nurse(n.護士→v.照料)smoke(n.煙→v.吸煙) stand(n.看臺→v.站)

3.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞better(adj.更好的→v.改善)calm(adj.安靜的→v.使安靜)cool(adj.涼快的→v.冷卻)spare(adj.空閑的→v.節(jié)省)own(adj.自己的→v.擁有)close(adj.親密的→v.關(guān)閉)slow(adj.慢的→v.減慢) last(adj.最后的→v.持續(xù))4.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞cold(a.冷的→n.感冒) back(a.后面的→n.背部)quiet(a.安靜的→n.恬靜)calm(a.平靜的→n安靜)5.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞deep(a.深的→ad.深地) wide(a.寬的→ad.廣泛地)hard(a.困難的→ad.努力地)well(a.健康的→ad.很好地)6.個別詞在一定場合中可轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞must(motalverb必須→n.必須) 1.Thedelayindeliveryhasputustogreat(convenience).2.Hisillnesscausedhimtolosehis________(memorize).3.Somecomedianstelljokesaboutthewaypeople________(behavior).考點三詞綴/派生法4.考點三詞綴/派生法在一個詞的詞根前面或后面加上某個詞綴來產(chǎn)生新詞，這種構(gòu)詞法稱為派生法或詞綴法。分為后綴法和前綴法。加在前面的詞綴叫前綴，加在后面的詞綴叫后綴。1.前綴(1)表示“否定”、“相反”意義的前綴：Ab-abnormal不正常的non-nonsense胡言亂語；nonstop直達(dá)的；nonviolent非暴力的；de-decrease減少；decentralize分散；degrade降級，降低……的地位；dis-dislike不喜歡；disagree不同意；distrust不信任；disappear消失；il-illegal不合法的；illogical不合邏輯的；illegible不易辨認(rèn)的；im-impossible不可能的；immoral不道德的；impractical不現(xiàn)實的；in-informal非正式的indirectadj.間接的un-unwilling不情愿的；unbelievable難以置信的；unnecessary不必要的；mal-maltreat虐待；malnutrition營養(yǎng)不良；malfunction失靈(2)表示時間先后的前綴ex-ex-husband前夫；ex-president前總統(tǒng)；fore-foretell語言；foresight先見之明，預(yù)見；foresee預(yù)見，預(yù)知；mid-midterm其中的；midnight午夜；post-postwar戰(zhàn)后的；postgraduate研究生；postdoctoral博士后的(3)表示方向位置的前綴ex-export出口；exclude把……排斥在外；external外部的；in-input輸入；indoor室內(nèi)的；inrush涌入；incoming進(jìn)來的(4)表示程度的前綴extra-extraordinary非凡的，驚人的；extracurricular課程以外的；out-outnumber比……多；outrun超過，跑得比……快；sur-surpass超過，優(yōu)于；surplus剩余的；surrealism超現(xiàn)實主義(5)表示數(shù)量的前綴bi-bilateral雙邊的，兩邊的；bipartisan兩黨的；bilingual兩語的；mono-momocycle獨輪車；monologue獨白；mono-drama獨角戲，單人?。籶oly-poly-acid多酸的；polyclinic多科聯(lián)合診所；polycentric多中心的(6)表示方式的前綴anti-antiwar反戰(zhàn)的；antifascist反法西斯的；antisocial反社會的；co-cooperation合作；coexist共存；co-prosperity共同繁榮；re-reconstruct重建；reform改革；rewrite重寫(7)其他常見前綴auto-autobiography自傳；autograph親筆；automat自動售貨機；bio-biography傳記；biology生物學(xué)；biochemistry生物化學(xué)；bio-effect生物效應(yīng)；biologicalclock生物鐘；bio-chip生物芯片；eco-ecocide生態(tài)滅絕；eco-car生態(tài)汽車；eco-efficient生態(tài)效率；macro-macrobiotic長壽的；macro-climate大氣候；macroeconomics宏觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)micro-microbiology微生物學(xué)；microbus小型公共汽車；microfilm縮微膠卷2后綴(1)構(gòu)成人或者物的名詞的后綴-erthinker思想家；painkiller止痛藥；cooker灶具；printer打印機；dishwasher洗碗機-oractor演員；semiconductor半導(dǎo)體；monitor監(jiān)視器；calculator計算機-istphysicist物理學(xué)；dentist牙科醫(yī)生；artist藝術(shù)家-(i)anpolitician(政治家)Italian(意大利人)American(美國人)-eseChinese(中國人)Japanese(日本人)Vietnamese(越南人)-antassistant(助手)contestant(競爭者)servant(仆人)-oryfactory工廠；dormitory集體宿舍；laboratory實驗室-icseconomics經(jīng)濟學(xué)；physics物理學(xué)；acoustics聲學(xué)-logysociology社會學(xué)；biology生物學(xué)；archaeology考古(2)構(gòu)成表示行為、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)等抽象名詞的常用后綴有：-al,-tion,-sion,-ics,-ing,-ity,-ment,-ness,-th,-ure,等。-mentargument爭論；judgment判斷；disappointment失望-alarrival到達(dá)；refusal拒絕；survival幸存-ance/-enceacceptance接受；assistance幫助；dependence依靠-tion/-siondiscussion討論；preparation準(zhǔn)備；repetition重復(fù)-nessgreatness偉大；hardness硬度；kindness善良-thwarmth溫暖；length長度；growth成長-urefailure失敗；pressure壓力；mixture混合物-shipfriendship友誼；leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；relationship關(guān)系(3)構(gòu)成形容詞的后綴-fulfaithful忠實的；meaningful有意義的；painful疼痛的；fruitful富有成效的-lessfearless無畏的；useless無用的；helpless無助的-ableacceptable可以接受的；applicable可適用的-iveactive積極的；decisive決定性的-antignorant無知的；significant有重要意義的；important重要的-ousfamous著名的；continuous連續(xù)不斷的；delicious可口的-ichistoric有歷史意義的；scientific科學(xué)的；electronic電子的-lyfriendly友好的；lively活潑的；lovely可愛的-(t)ythirsty口渴的；noisy喧鬧的；healthy健康的-arysecondary次要的；imaginary想象中的；ordinary普通的-engolden金色的；wooden木制的；woolen毛紡的(4)構(gòu)成動詞的后綴-enwiden使變寬；strengthen加強-izerealize實現(xiàn)organize組織-(i)fysatisfy滿意；modify修飾；beautify美化(5)構(gòu)成副詞的后綴-lyreally真正地；happily幸福地；luckily幸運地-wardforward向前；backward向后；westward向西1.It’s(polite)tospeakloudlyinpublic.2.I’msorryforthecausedbymistakes.IsitforyoutocomeonThursday?Ifnot,youcancomeatyour.(convenient)3.Pleaseacceptourapologiesforany(convenience)wehavecaused.4.Hehasonlybeenplayingfootballasa________(profession)fortwoyears.單項選擇1.(2025高一上·廣東·期中)WhichofthefollowingwordsCAN’Tformanewwordwith“-ship”?A.friend B.relation C.scholar D.business單句語法填空2.Ifyouhavebeenworkinghard,don’tbeafraidtotakeabreakandgiveyourselfawell-________(deserve)patonthebackortoreflectonyourgoals.按照單詞構(gòu)詞法的規(guī)則寫出單詞的適當(dāng)?shù)男问?.confirmv.證實，證明→n.證實;確認(rèn)2.crowdn.人群→adj.擁擠的3.failvi.&vt.失敗;不及格;使失望→n.失敗4.awareadj.意識到的;知道的→adj.未覺察到的，未意識到的→n.知道，認(rèn)識;意識5.clothn.布→n.衣服→n.(總稱)衣服6.wooln.羊毛，毛織物→adj.羊毛的7.bleedv.流血→n.流血，失血→n.血8.injurevt.損害;傷害→n.傷，損害9.permitv.允許，準(zhǔn)許，許可→n.許可;允許10.relatev.相聯(lián)系，有關(guān)聯(lián);講述→n.關(guān)系，聯(lián)系;親屬;親戚→n.關(guān)系;關(guān)聯(lián)11.astonishv.使吃驚，使驚訝→adj.感到驚訝的→adj.令人感到驚訝的→n.驚訝12.gradualadj.逐漸的→adv.逐漸地，逐步地13.surroundv.環(huán)繞，圍繞→adj.周圍的;附近的→n.(復(fù))周圍的事物;環(huán)境14.deepadj.深的→v.加深→n.深，深度15.mass+ive=adj.16.art+ist=n.17.clean+up=n.18.dis+appear=vi.19.foot+print=n.20.no(無)+where(哪里)→adv.無處;任何地方都不21.other(以其他方式)+wise(明智的)→adv.否則;另外22.helicopteristn.直升機駕駛員→n.[航]直升飛機23.mid(中間的;中央的)+night(夜晚)→n.午夜24.threatenvt.威脅;恐嚇→n.威脅，恐嚇25.propertylessadj.無財產(chǎn)的→n.性質(zhì)，性能;財產(chǎn)26.sufficientadj.足夠的，充足的→adv.足夠地，充足地27.shelteryadj.庇護的，遮蓋的→n.庇護;避難所28.n.樣本，樣品→vt.品嘗，嘗試；對……做抽樣調(diào)查29.n.估計，估算→vt.估計，估算30.vt.造成，引起，產(chǎn)生(問題、危險、困難等)→n.(為畫像、拍照等而擺的)姿勢，姿態(tài)31.base(基礎(chǔ))+line(線)→n.(醫(yī)學(xué)或科學(xué)中的)基線，準(zhǔn)線32.wide(廣泛地)+spread(傳播)→adj.分布廣的，廣泛流傳的33.out(出來)+break(突破)→n.(戰(zhàn)爭)爆發(fā)；(疾病)暴發(fā)，突然發(fā)生34.under(在……下面)+line(線)→vt.強調(diào)，使突出；在……之下畫線提升練習(xí)I.閱讀下面短文，分析并寫出加黑單詞的構(gòu)詞法。Lastweekend1,Iwastravelinghomefrombusiness.Itwastoolate,soIdecidedtogotoahotelnearthebusstop.Attheentrancetothehotel,Imetamanwhowasdisabled2,andImadeupmymindtoofferhimsomehelp.Hespoketomeandexplainedhispastlifewhenhewashealthy3.Hehadworkedinacarfactoryforfiveyears.Thenanaccidentlefthimdisabled.WhilelisteningtohisstoryIrealizedthathehadexperienced4alotinhislife.Itoldhimthatalthoughhewasphysically5disabled,hisheartwasstrong,andhecouldalwaysdependonit.Iofferedhimsomemoneytobuyfoodanddrinks6andthenhewenthome.Ihavelearntthatifyousayafewgoodwordsandofferalittlehelptoothers,itwillnotonlybringhappiness7toyou,butitwillalsobeinpeople’sheartsforever.II.從下面兩組單詞中各選擇一個單詞合成一個新單詞(每個單詞限用一次)sun,free,worth,child,over,through,pan,down,space,worldship,way,come,light,hood,out,town,cake,wide,whileⅢ.閱讀理解(2025學(xué)年高一上·江蘇無錫·開學(xué)考試)Educationaltechnologysuchasappscanhelpstudentswithtimemanagement,studyskills,homeworkandmore.Belowisalistofappsforcollegestudentsadvisedbyeducationaltechnologyexperts(專家).Theneedofeverystudentisdifferentandexpertssuggestthatstudentstryoutseveralappstofindtherightone.Unlesscostsarementionedintheappdescriptionsbelow,theselearningtoolsarefreetousers:BlackboardApp.Apopularlearningmanagementsystem,BlackboardisusedatmanycollegesacrosstheU.S.Itallowsstudentstogetcourseworkforonlineclassesorin-personclasses.Studentscancompletehomeworkandtests,viewgradesandmore.Duolingo.Advertisingitselfas“theworld’sbestwaytolearnalanguage”,Duolingoofferslessonsinmorethan35languages,helpinguserswithspeaking,reading,listening,writing,grammarandvocabulary.Duolingooffersbothfreeandpaidversions,thesecondonewithafree-advertisementexperienceandofflinewaytolessons.Evernote.Anotetakingandtaskmanagementsystemthatofferstheabilitytosync(同步)acrossit.Evernoteallowsuserstocreateto-dolistsandchangedocumentsintoadigital(數(shù)字)formthroughacamera.Evernoteisfree,thoughatopversioncosts$7.99amonthor$69.99ayear.Collegemobileapps.AppsspeciallydesignedforcollegestudentshavebecomefairlycommonamongU.S.collegestudents.Whiletheseappsmaybedifferentcollegebycollege,userscanoftenfindschoolmaps,news,safetyinformation,importanteventsandmore.1.Whichappwillyouuseifyouwanttomakeato-dolist?A.BlackboardApp. B.Duolingo. C.Evernote. D.Collegemobileapps.2.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“versions”?A.Views. B.Forms. C.Things. D.Series.3.Whatdotheappshaveincommon(共同處)?A.Theycannotbeusedcontinuouslyunlesspaid.B.Theycanhelpcollegestudentslearnbetter.C.Theyhavedifferentversionsforcollegestudents.D.Theyhavebeenquitepopularamongcollegestudents.Ⅳ.完形填空(2025高一上·江蘇宿遷·期末)Everychildgotapartinourannualpageant(盛會).Ialwayswantedtobe4toplayMary—thestaroftheshow.Thisyear,whenPastorBuckleychosesomeothergirlasMary—again—andgavemea5toopenwith,Igotdowntolearningitrightaway.MaybeIwouldn’tbethestar,butifIworkedhardenough,Icouldcome6.Surelyreciting(背誦)apoemaloneatthemicrophonewouldgettheaudience’s7.“GentleJesus...”I8asIlayinbedatnight.“Lookuponalittlechild...”Imumbled(咕噥)intothebathroommirrorwithmymouthfulloftoothpaste.I9myselfonstage,theaudienceclapping.Onthebignight,duringthefirsthalf,Irecitedthepoem10.Suddenly,mymindwent11.Istoodthereforwhatseemedlikeforeverbeforereturningtomyseatwith12.Somuchforbeinga(n)13.Iwashardlyawareofthepageantthatfollowed.ButwhenMr.Buckleyannounceditwasover,the14wordscametomeoutofnowhere.“Iremember!”I15.Mr.Buckleylookedmywayand16.Hereintroducedme.Itookmy17onstage,andrecitedthepoemfromstarttofinish.Theroomburstintothunderousapplause,notjustformyrecitation,manytoldmelater,butformy18intryingagain.4.A.forced B.reminded C.chosen D.advised5.A.joke B.song C.poem D.speech6.A.close B.over C.down D.around7.A.inspiration B.concern C.impression D.attention8.A.rested B.practised C.listened D.reflected9.A.pictured B.challenged C.taught D.concentrated10.A.shyly B.occasionally C.fluently D.nervously11.A.wild B.smooth C.wrong D.blank12.A.shame B.interest C.shock D.confidence13.A.player B.star C.actor D.artist14.A.lost B.new C.written D.simple15.A.added B.cried C.warned D.insisted16.A.stopped B.nodded C.shook D.waited17.A.turn B.offer C.place D.duty18.A.an