Unit3Tobeagoodlearner課時2Reading講義目錄知識清單知識精講隨堂練習(xí)自我總結(jié)知識清單一、詞匯單詞音標(biāo)詞性釋義guide/ɡa?d/n.指南;向?qū)?導(dǎo)游v.指導(dǎo);指引inventor/?n?vent?r/n.發(fā)明家;發(fā)明者;創(chuàng)造者found/fa?nd/v.建?;創(chuàng)建v.找到;發(fā)現(xiàn);認(rèn)為;century/?sent??ri/n.世紀(jì);百年......apart...t...??pɑ?t/phrase.使……不同print/pr?nt/n.打印;印刷v.打印;印himself/h?m?self/pron.他??inorderto/?n???d?tu?/phrase.為了…return/r??t??n/n.返回;歸還v.返回;歸curious/?kj??ri?s/adj.好奇的storm/st??m/n.暴??;雷暴?countless/?ka?ntl?s/adj.?數(shù)的;多的;數(shù)不清invention/?n?ven??n/n.發(fā)明;創(chuàng)造easnosurprise/k?m?zn??s??pra?z/phrase.不足為奇invent/?n?vent/v.發(fā)明;創(chuàng)造forfree/f??fri?/phrase.免費(fèi)greatness/?ɡre?tn?s/n.偉?;巨?;崇?success/s?k?ses/n.成功;勝利themselves/e?m?selvz/pron.他們??;她們??conversation/?k?nv??se???n/n.談話;會話;交談translate/tr?nz?le?t/v.翻譯;轉(zhuǎn)化page/pe?d?/n.版;??二、詞組短語中文含義alifelonglearneroneoftheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStatesamanofmanytalentsoneofthemostfamouspeoplefromayoungagegreatloveoflearningsethimapartfrommanyothersonlytwoyearsofeducationhadtostartworkprintshopteachhimselfbyreadingalotstayupverylateinordertoreturnthemearlybecuriousabouttheworldaroundhimbeeinterestedinstudyingstormsfollowthestormsanddidmanytestsfindoutmovefromoneplacetoanotherhaveagreatloveforsciencecountlessinventionseasnosurpriseinhislate70satypeofspecialglassesmakemoneyfromanyofhisinventionsletpeopleusethemforfreeSeelearningasanexcitingandendlessjourneygifttotheworldhisfindingsanamazinglanguagelearningappaforefrom...from...speakawordofexpressthemselvesclearlymisstheirphonehomefindawaytomakedailyconversationhalfayearlatertranslateyourmotherlanguageintoover20languagessetagoodexampleforusall.haveinfluenceon三、句型Hewasamanofmanytalentsandoneofthemostfamouspeopleofthe18tncentury.Whileworkinginhisbrother’sprintshop,Franklintaughthimselfbyreadingalot.HeoftenborrowedbooksfrombooksellersandstayedupverylateinordertoreturnthemearlythenextdayWhat'smore,Franklinhadagreatloveforscience.Sohiscountiesinventionseasnosurprise.足為奇了Franklindidnotmakemoneyfromanyofhisinventionsbutletpeopleusethemforfree,Hisgreatnessgoesfartherthanthat.Asalifelonglearner,hesawlearningasanexcitingandendlessjourney,fullofwonderandsuccess.知識精講1、Awriter,scientist,inventorandoneoftheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStates,BenjaminFranklinwasamanofmanytalentsandoneofthemostfamouspeopleofthe18thcentury.[詳解]本杰明·富蘭克林集作家、科學(xué)家、發(fā)明家、美國開國元勛于一身，才華橫溢，是18世紀(jì)最著名的人物之一。本句結(jié)構(gòu)為：同位語Awriter,scientist,inventorandoneoftheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStates+主系表結(jié)構(gòu)；同位語列舉身份例題1：______,agreatChinesepoet,wrotehundredsofpoemsduringtheTangDynasty.A)DuFu B)He C)It D)That答案：A解析："偉大的發(fā)明家______一生創(chuàng)造了1,000多項(xiàng)發(fā)明。"同位語結(jié)構(gòu)要求主語為具體名詞（人名/頭銜），代詞不可用，故需填入人名作主語，后接同位語"agreatinventor"，所以答案選AFromayoungage,Franklin'sgreatloveoflearningsethim,apartfrommanyothers.[詳解]自幼年起，富蘭克林對學(xué)習(xí)的極大熱愛使他與眾不同。本句結(jié)構(gòu)為：狀語Fromayoungage+主謂賓重點(diǎn)短語：setsb.apartfrom使某人脫穎而出loveoflearning對學(xué)習(xí)的熱愛例題1：Hercreativity______her______otherdesigners.A)sets;apartfrom B)gives;to C)takes;away D)puts;into答案：A解析："她的創(chuàng)造力使她______其他設(shè)計(jì)師。"需填入"脫穎而出"的固定搭配setsb.apartfrom使與眾不同；givesth.tosb.給予；takeaway拿走；putsth.into投入，所以答案選AAsoneof17childreninabigfamily,Franklinhadonlytwoyearsofeducationbeforehehadtostartwork.[詳解]作為大家庭17個孩子之一，富蘭克林僅接受兩年教育便被迫工作。本句結(jié)構(gòu)為：原因狀語Asoneof17childreninabigfamily+主句Franklinhadonlytwoyearsofeducation+時間狀語從句beforehehadtostartwork重點(diǎn)：havetodosth.不得不做某事before引導(dǎo)時間從句（在...之前）例題：Hepracticedpianofortenyears______hewonthepetition.A)after B)before C)when D)while答案：B解析："他練習(xí)鋼琴十年______贏得比賽。"空格需填入時間連接詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)"先練習(xí)后獲勝"；after 獲勝后練習(xí)before練習(xí)后獲勝，符合常理；when 同時發(fā)生，無法練習(xí)十年中持續(xù)獲勝；while 同時發(fā)生，同C。所以答案選BWhileworkinginhisbrother'sprintshop,Franklintaughthimselfbyreadingalot.[詳解]在哥哥的印刷店工作時，富蘭克林通過大量閱讀自學(xué)。本句結(jié)構(gòu)為：分詞狀語Whileworkinginhisbrother'sprintshop+主謂賓Franklintaughthimself重點(diǎn)語法：分詞作狀語Whileworking=Whilehewasworkingteachoneself（自學(xué)）例題：______dinner,shelistenedtoEnglishnews.A)Cooks B)Cooked C)CookingD) Tocook答案：C解析："______晚餐時，她聽英語新聞。"空格需填分詞作狀語，表"一邊做飯一邊聽"；Cooks謂語動詞，與listened沖突；Cooked，過去分詞，表被動晚餐無法被"做"；Cooking，現(xiàn)在分詞，主動動作=Whilecooking，符合題意，Tocook 不定式，表目的，非"為了做飯而聽"，所以答案選CHeoftenborrowedbooksfrombooksellersandstayedupverylateinordertoreturnthemearlythenextday.[詳解]他常向書商借書并熬夜苦讀，以便次日早早歸還。本句結(jié)構(gòu)為：并列謂語borrowedbooksfrombooksellersandstayedupverylate+目的狀語inordertoreturnthemearlythenextday重點(diǎn)短語：stayuplate熬夜inorderto為了，表目的例題：Weranfast______catchthelastbus.A)inordertoB)sothatC)becauseD)although答案：A解析："我們快跑______趕上末班車。"空格表"目的",inorderto+動詞原形catch,直接表目的,符合題意；sothat+從句需主語+謂語，缺從句主語；because +原因從句，邏輯錯誤；although+讓步從句，語義矛盾。所以答案選ACuriousabouttheworldaroundhim,Franklinoncebecameinterestedinstudyingstorms.[詳解]出于對周遭世界的好奇，富蘭克林曾對研究風(fēng)暴產(chǎn)生興趣。本句結(jié)構(gòu)為：形容詞短語作原因狀語Curiousabouttheworldaroundhim+主系表Franklinoncebecameinterestedinstudyingstorms重點(diǎn)表達(dá)：becuriousabout...對...好奇beeinterestedin對...產(chǎn)生興趣例題：______theanswer,heraisedhishand.A)Knowing B)Known C)Toknow D)Knows答案：A解析："______答案，他舉起了手。"空格表原因，即"因?yàn)橹来鸢?；Knowing，現(xiàn)在分詞，表主動原因=Becauseheknew；Known，過去分詞，表被動，答案無法"被知道"；Toknow，不定式，表目的，舉手是為了知道答案？；Knows，謂語動詞，與raised沖突，所以答案選AHefollowedthestormsanddidmanytests.[詳解]他追蹤風(fēng)暴并進(jìn)行了多次實(shí)驗(yàn)。本句結(jié)構(gòu)為：簡單句，主語+并列謂語followedthestormsanddidmanytests.重點(diǎn)詞匯：followv.跟隨；遵循followern.追隨者followingadj.接下來的Thenhefoundoutthatstormsmovedfromoneplacetoanother.[詳解]隨后他發(fā)現(xiàn)風(fēng)暴會從一個地方移動到另一個地方。本句結(jié)構(gòu)為：主句hefoundout+賓語從句thatstormsmovedfromoneplacetoanother..重點(diǎn)：findout查明，后接賓語從句movefrom...to...從...移動到...例題：Wediscovered______theearthgoesaroundthesun.A)if B)that C)what D)how答案：B解析："我們發(fā)現(xiàn)______地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。"從句為完整事實(shí)陳述，不缺成分；if，是否，疑問，句意為確定事實(shí)，非疑問；that 陳述事實(shí)，無義，引導(dǎo)完整陳述句theearthgoesaroundthesun，符合題意；what，缺主語/賓語，從句已有主語theearth和賓語thesun；how，缺方式狀語，從句已有完整方式goesaround，所以答案選BHisfindingshelpedpredicttheweather.[詳解]他的發(fā)現(xiàn)有助于預(yù)測天氣。重點(diǎn)語法：helpsb.(to)do幫助某人做某事findings研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，名詞復(fù)數(shù)findv.發(fā)現(xiàn)例題：Thisappcanhelpus______Englishwordsfaster.A)remember B)toremember C)remembering D)AorB答案：D解析："這款應(yīng)用能幫助我們更快地______英語單詞。"空格需填入動詞形式，表示"記憶"動作；helpsbdo，remember省略to的不定式，正確；helpsbtodo；toremember完整不定式，正確；remembering，動名詞，help后不接ing形式；AorB 雙選，所以答案選DWhat'smore,Franklinhadagreatloveforscience,sohiscountlessinventioncameasnosurprise.[詳解]此外，富蘭克林熱愛科學(xué)，因此他無數(shù)的發(fā)明毫不令人意外。本句結(jié)構(gòu)為：遞進(jìn)連接What'smore+因果句so連接結(jié)果重點(diǎn)短語：What'smore此外，表遞進(jìn)easnosurprise不足為奇例題：Hestudiedhard;______,hepassedtheexameasily.A)because B)however C)what’smore D)asaresult答案：D解析："他努力學(xué)習(xí)；______，他輕松通過了考試。"空格需填入結(jié)果邏輯詞，because，原因，后句是前句結(jié)果，非原因；however，轉(zhuǎn)折，努力與通過考試是順承關(guān)系，非轉(zhuǎn)折；what’smore，遞進(jìn)，后句非補(bǔ)充說明，而是結(jié)果；asaresult 結(jié)果，明確表示因果關(guān)系：努力學(xué)習(xí)→通過考試，所以答案選DEveninhislate70s,heinventedatypeofspecialglassestohelphimseebetter.[詳解]即便年近八旬，他仍發(fā)明了一種特殊眼鏡來改善視力。本句結(jié)構(gòu)為：讓步狀語Eveninhislate70s+主謂賓heinventedatypeofspecialglasses+目的狀語tohelphimseebetter重點(diǎn)短語：inone'slate70s年近八旬helpsb.do省略to的不定式例題：______80,thescientiststillworkedinthelab.A)On B)At C)In D)For答案：C解析：句意："______80歲，這位科學(xué)家仍在實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作。"On：搭配日期；At：搭配具體時間點(diǎn)；In：唯一正確搭配inone's80s；For：表目的（forwork），所以答案選CFranklindidnotmakemoneyfromanyofhisinventionsbutletpeopleusethemforfree.[詳解]富蘭克林未從發(fā)明中牟利，而是免費(fèi)供人使用。本句結(jié)構(gòu)為：并列謂語否定式didnotmakemoneyfromanyofhisinventions+轉(zhuǎn)折并列butletpeopleusethemforfree重點(diǎn)短語：makemoneyfrom從...獲利forfree免費(fèi)例題：Hesharedhisideas______,notformoney.A)freely B)free C)forfree D)withfree答案：C解析：句意："他______分享想法，不為牟利。"freely自由地，語義不符；free形容詞，不可修飾動詞；forfree固定短語"免費(fèi)"，withfree，錯誤搭配，所以答案選CHisgreatnessgoesfurtherthanthat.[詳解]他的偉大遠(yuǎn)不止于此。重點(diǎn)短語：gofurtherthan超越/超過例題：Herkindness______justhelpingothers;shechangedthewholemunity.A)wentfurtherthan B)wenton C)wentaway D)wentover答案：A解析："她的善良______幫助他人；她改變了整個社區(qū)。"wentfurtherthan超越，符合"不止于此"的遞進(jìn)邏輯；wenton繼續(xù)，語義不符；wentaway離開，邏輯錯誤；wentover檢查，搭配錯誤，所以答案選AAsalifelonglearner,hesawlearningasanexcitingandendlessjourney,fullofwonderandsuccess.[詳解]作為終身學(xué)習(xí)者，他將學(xué)習(xí)視為充滿奇跡與成功的精彩無盡之旅。本句結(jié)構(gòu)為：身份狀語Asalifelonglearner+主謂賓賓補(bǔ)hesawlearningasanexcitingandendlessjourney+后置定語fullofwonderandsuccess重點(diǎn)短語：see...as...將...視為...fullof充滿,作后置定語例題：Weseereading______awindowtotheworld.for B)about C)as D)with答案：C解析："我們將閱讀______通向世界的窗口。"for：表目的;about：關(guān)于;as：固定搭配see...as...;with：用...工具,所以答案選CThisishisgreatestgifttotheworld[詳解]這是他獻(xiàn)給世界最偉大的禮物。重點(diǎn)短語：gifttotheworld給世界的禮物例題：Theinventionwasagreatgift______humanity.A)for B)to C)with D)by答案：B解析："這項(xiàng)發(fā)明是______人類的偉大禮物。"for為了,強(qiáng)調(diào)目的;to給予,固定搭配giftto;with用,表工具;by通過,表方式，所以答案選BHowdidFranklingoonlearningafterheleftschool?[詳解]離開學(xué)校后，富蘭克林如何繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)？本句結(jié)構(gòu)為：特殊疑問句How+主謂didFranklingoon+時間狀語從句afterheleftschool重點(diǎn)短語：goondoing繼續(xù)做某事leaveschool輟學(xué)/畢業(yè)例題：After______school,hetaughthimselfengineering.A)leave B)leaves C)left D)leaving答案：D解析：句意："______學(xué)校后，他自學(xué)了工程學(xué)。"leave：動詞原形,不能作介詞賓語;leaves：三單,同上;left：過去式,不可接在after后;leaving：動名詞作介詞賓語，所以答案選DHisideafordevelopingtheappcamefromatriptoItalywithhisparents.[詳解]他開發(fā)應(yīng)用的靈感源自與父母同游意大利的經(jīng)歷。重點(diǎn)短語：theideaforsth....的靈感例題：Thestorycame______hischildhoodexperience.A)out B)up C)from D)into答案：C解析："這個故事______他的童年經(jīng)歷。"from，efrom固定搭配"源自"；eout出版；eup出現(xiàn)；einto進(jìn)入，所以答案選CSteveandhisparentscan'tspeakawordofItalian,andtheyarenotgoodatEnglish,soitcameasnosurprisethattheyranintocountlessproblemsduringtheirtrip.[詳解]史蒂夫全家不懂意大利語且英語不佳，因此旅途中遭遇無數(shù)問題毫不意外。本句結(jié)構(gòu)為：并列因果句因：can'tspeakawordofItalian+果：soitcameasnosurprisethattheyranintocountlessproblemsduringtheirtrip.重點(diǎn)短語：can'tspeak...awordof完全不懂...語言runintoproblems遇到問題例題：______nosurprisethathewonthematch;hepracticed8hoursdaily.A)Itcame B)Ites C)Theycame D)Thatcame答案：A句意："______他贏得比賽毫不意外；他每天練習(xí)8小時。"Itcame：固定句型itcameasnosurprisethat...過去時；Ites：時態(tài)錯誤，后文practiced為過去時；C/D：主語錯誤，需形式主語it；，所以答案選ATheycouldnotexpressthemselvesclearlyandalmostmissedtheirplanehome.[詳解]他們無法清晰表達(dá)自己，幾乎錯過返程航班。重點(diǎn)短語：expressoneself表達(dá)自己misstheplane誤機(jī)例題：Childrenshouldlearnto______inpublic.A)expressthemselves B)expressthem C)expressoneself D)expresshimself答案：A解析："孩子應(yīng)學(xué)會在公眾場合______。"expressthemselves復(fù)數(shù)反身代詞;expressthem缺少反身代詞;oneself單數(shù)，與主語Children矛盾;himself單數(shù)男性,所以答案選AAfterhegothome,Stevewascuriousaboutfindingawaytomakedailyconversationinanotherlanguageeasier.[詳解]回家后，史蒂夫渴望找到簡化日常對話的方法。重點(diǎn)短語：becuriousaboutdoing對做某事好奇makestheasier使...更簡單例題：Sheiscurious______howthemachineworks.A)of B)at C)with D)about答案：D解析："她______機(jī)器運(yùn)作原理感到好奇。"固定搭配becuriousabout，所以答案選DStevehasatalentforworkingwithputers.[詳解]史蒂夫在計(jì)算機(jī)方面天賦異稟。重點(diǎn)短語：haveatalentfor在...有天賦例題：Shehasatalent______painting.A)on B)at C)for D)with答案：C解析："她在繪畫方面有天賦。"on：在...上;at：擅長,但talent固定搭配for;for：固定搭配haveatalentfor;with：用...工具,所以答案選CHedevelopedanapphalfayearlater,Itcantranslateyourmotherlanguageintoover20languagesandhelpyouteachyourselflanguages.[詳解]半年后他開發(fā)了一款應(yīng)用，能將母語翻譯成20多種語言，并助你自學(xué)外語。本句結(jié)構(gòu)為：遞進(jìn)連接What'smore+因果句so連接結(jié)果重點(diǎn)短語：translateAintoB將A翻譯成Bteachyourself自學(xué)What'smore,anyonecanusetheappforfree.[詳解]此外，富蘭克林熱愛科學(xué)，因此他無數(shù)的發(fā)明毫不令人意外。本句結(jié)構(gòu)為：遞進(jìn)連接What'smore+因果句so連接結(jié)果重點(diǎn)短語：What'smore此外，表遞進(jìn)easnosurprise不足為奇例題：Hestudiedhard;______,hepassedtheexameasily.A)because B)however C)what’smore D)asaresult答案：D解析："