【高頻考點解密】2023年高考英語二輪復習講義

閱讀理解

解密03細節(jié)理解的復習要點

【構建知識體系】

考點1事實細節(jié)題

細節(jié)理解題考點2細節(jié)轉換與是非判斷題

考點3數(shù)字計算題

【英語學科素養(yǎng)解讀】

命題素養(yǎng)解讀

題型解讀

要求

要求考生閱讀4篇短主旨大意題包括精確歸納標題、概括文章大意

文，從每題所給的4個選和總結段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主題和細

考查

項中選出最佳選項。題材節(jié)，是否具備提綱挈領的能力，也就是能否在理解

主旨大意、

廣泛，包括科普、社會、全文的基礎上運用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯

細節(jié)理解、

文化、政治、經濟等多方方法對文章進行高度概括和總結，做這類題目時要

推理判斷、

面內容。體裁多樣，以記高瞻遠矚，不可以以偏概全。

詞義猜測、

敘文、議論文、說明文為

篇章結構

主。

等。

【剖析全國高考真題】——預測高考命題方向

2023年命題解讀和近年考點再現(xiàn)

細節(jié)理解考點1事實細節(jié)

1.A【2022?新高考I卷】

GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature

GradingScale

90100,A;8089,B;7079,C;6069,D;Below60,E.

Essays(60%)

Yourfourmajoressayswillbinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=

10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.

GroupAssignments(30%)

Studentswillworkingroupstopletefourassignments(作業(yè))duringthecourse.Allthe

assignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningand

coursemanagementsystem.

DailyWork/InClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)

Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytopleteshortinclass

writingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass*

lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimeto

timeIwillassigngroupworktobepletedinclassorshortassignmentstobepletedathome,both

ofwhichwillbegraded.

LateWork

Anessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperiodit

islate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignments

notpletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewill

beaccepted.

2.Howmanypartsisastudent'sfinalgrademadeupof?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

【答案】2.B

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了文學概論課程評分辦法。

2.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)黑體小標題"Essays(60%)9\"GroupAssignments(30%)”和"Daily

Work/InClassWritingsandTests/GroupsWork/Homework(10%)”可知，學生的最終成績由3部

分組成。故選B。

2.A【2022年新高考全國H卷】

Children'sDiscoveryMuseum

GeneralInformationaboutGroupPlay

Pricing

GroupPlay$7/person

Scholarships

Weofferscholarshipstolowineschoolsandyouthorganizations,subjecttoavailability.

Participationinapostvisitsurveyisrequired.

ScholarshipsareforGroupPlayadmissionfeesand/ortransportation.Transportationinvoices

(發(fā)票)mustbereceivedwithin60daysofyourvisittoguaranteethescholarship.

GroupSize

Werequireonechaperone(監(jiān)護人)pertenchildren.Failuretoprovideenoughchaperones

willresultinanextrachargeof$50perabsentadult.

GroupPlayisforgroupsof10ormorewithalimitof35people.Forgroupsof35ormore,

pleasecalltodiscussoptions.

Hours

TheMuseumisopendailyfrom9:30amto4:30pm.

GroupPlaymaybescheduledduringanydayortimetheMuseumisopen.

RegistrationPolicy

Registrationmustbemadeatleasttwoweeksinadvance.

RegisteronlineorfilloutaGroupPlayRegistrationFormwithmultipledateandstarttime

options.

Oncetheregistrationformisreceivedandprocessed,wewillsendaconfirmationemail

withintwobusinessdays.

Guidelines

?Teachersandchaperonesshouldmodelgoodbehaviorforthegroupandremainwith

studentsatalltimes.

?ChildrenarenotallowedunacpaniedinallareasoftheMuseum.

?Childrenshouldplaynicelywitheachotherandexhibits.

?UseyourindoorvoicewhenattheMuseum.

1.Whatdoesagroupneedtodoiftheyareofferedascholarship?

A.Prepaytheadmissionfees.B.UsetheMuseum'stransportation.

C.Takeasurveyafterthevisit.D.Scheduletheirvisitonweekdays.

2.Howmanychaperonesareneededforagroupof30childrentovisittheMuseum?

A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.

3.WhatarechildrenprohibitedfromdoingattheMuseum?

A.Usingtheputer.B.Talkingwitheachother.

C.Touchingtheexhibits.D.Exploringtheplacealone.

【答案】1.C2.C3.D

【解析】本文是一篇應用文，文章提供了關于兒童博物館團體游的相關信息。

1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Scholarship標題下“Weofferscholarshipstolowineschoolsandyouth

organizations,subjecttoavailability.Participationinapostvisitsurveyisrequired.（我彳門會視f青況

而定，為低收入學校和青年組織提供獎學金，并需要其參與訪問后調查問卷）”可知，如果一

個團體獲得了獎學金，需要在參加一個訪后的調查問卷，與選項C“Takeasurveyafterthe

visit.（接受參觀后的問卷調查）”屬于同義替換，故選Co

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“GroupSize"標題下"Werequireonechaperone（監(jiān)護人）perten

children.（我們要求每十個孩子有一個監(jiān)護人）”可知，10個孩子需要1個監(jiān)護人，那么30個

孩子則需要3個監(jiān)護人。故選C。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Guidelines"標題下"Childrenarenotallowedunacpaniedinallareasofthe

Museum.（無人陪伴的兒童不得進入博物館的所有區(qū)域）”可知，兒童必須在監(jiān)護人陪伴下才能

進入博物館，即兒童不能單獨進入博物館進行探索。與選項D6tExploringtheplacealone.（獨

自探索博物館）”屬于同義替換，故選D。

3.A【2021?全國新高考I卷】

Romecanbepriceyfortravelers,whichiswhymanychoosetostayinahostel（旅社）.

ThehostelsinRomeofferabedinadormroomforaround$25anight,andforthat,you'lloften

gettostayinacentrallocation（位置）withsecurityandfort.

YellowHostel

IfIhadtomakejustoneremendationforwheretostayinRome,itwouldbeYellowHostel.

It'soneofthebestratedhostelsinthecity,andforgoodreason.Ifsaffordable,andit'sgotafun

atmospherewithoutbeingtoonoisy.Asanaddedbonus,it'sclosetothemaintrainstation.

HostelAlessandroPalace

Ifyoulovesocialhostels,thisisthebesthostelforyouinRome.HostelAlessandroPalaceis

fun.Staffmembersholdplentyofbareventsforguestslikefreeshots,barcrawlsandkaraoke.

There?salsoanareaontherooftopforhangingoutwithothertravelersduringthesummer.

YouthStationHostel

Ifyou'relookingforcleanlinessandamodemhostel,looknofurtherthanYouthStation.It

offersbeautifulfurnishingsandbeds.Thereareplentyofotherbenefits,too;itdoesn'tchargecity

tax;ithasbothairconditioningandaheaterfortherooms;italsohasfreeWiFiineveryroom.

HotelandHostelDesArtistes

HotelandHostelDesArtistesislocatedjustalOminutewalkfromthecentralcitystationand

it'sclosetoallofthecity'smainattractions.Thestaffisfriendlyandhelpful,providingyouwitha

mapofthecitywhenyouarrive,andofferingadviceifyourequiresome.However,youneedto

pay2eurosadayforWiFi.

21.Whatisprobablythemajorconcernoftravelerswhochoosetostayinahostel?

A.fort.B.Security.

C.Price.D.Location.

22.Whichhotelbestsuitspeoplewhoenjoyanactivesociallife?

A.YellowHostel.B.HostelAlessandroPalace.

C.YouthStationHostel.D.HotelandHostelDesArtistes.

23.WhatisthedisadvantageofHotelandHostelDesArtistes?

A.Itgetsnoisyatnight.B.Itsstaffistootalkative.

C.ItchargesforWiFi.D.It'sinconvenientlylocated.

【答案】21.C22.B23.C

【解析】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了羅馬的幾個價格低廉，安全舒適的旅館。

21.細節(jié)理解題。通過文章第一段"Romecanbepriceyfortravelers,whichiswhymanychoose

tostayinahostel（旅社）.”（對旅行者來說，羅馬可能很昂貴，這就是許多人選擇住旅社的

原因）可知選擇住旅社的旅行者可能最關心的是價格。故選Co

22.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HostelAlessandroPalace部分“Ifyoulovesocialhostels,thisisthebest

hostelforyouinRome."（如果你喜歡社交旅館，這是羅馬最適合你的旅館）可知如果你喜歡

社交旅館，HostelAlessandroPalace是羅馬最適合你的旅館。故選B。

23.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HotelandHostelDesArtistes部分"However,youneedtopay2eurosa

dayforWiFi.^^（但是，你需要支付每天2歐元的WiFi）可知HotelandHostelDesArtistes的

缺點是WiFi收費。故選C。

4.A[2021年新高考全國H卷】

ThingstoDoinYorkshireThisSummer

HarrogateMusicFestival

Sinceitsbirth,HarrogateMusicFestivalhasgonefromstrengthtostrength.Thisyear,we

arecelebratingour50thanniversary.Webeginon1stJunewithManchesterCamerataandNicola

Benedetti,presentinganamazingprogrammeofMozartpieces.

Dates:1June31July

Tickets:￡12￡96

Jodie*sFitnessSummerClasses

Asthesummermonthsrollin,ourGeorgiancountryestatemakestheperfectsettingforan

outdoorfitnesssession,eandworkoutwithourqualifiedpersonaltrainer,JodieMcGregor,onthe

groundsoftheMiddletonLodgeestate.

Wewillbeholdingafreetastersessionon23rdMay,at10am,todemonstratethevarietyof

effectiveandactiveexercises.Thereareeightspacesavailableforthetastersession.Advance

bookingsarerequired（info@middletonlodge.co.uk.paris）

Dates:23May11July

Tickets:￡7.50persession

FeltPictureMaking

Workingfromaninspirationalpicture,thisworkshopatHelmsleyArtsCentrewillteachyou

thetechniquesyouwillneedtorecreateyourpictureinwool.

Wewillalsodiscusstheoriginsoffelt,whatenableswoolfibrestobeefeltandhowthe

processesweusework.

Dates:12Junel2July

Tickets:￡40includingmaterials

FigureItOut!PlayingwithMath

AnewexhibitioninHalifaxuseseverydayactivitiestoexplainthehiddenmathprinciples

wealluseonaregularbasis.Packabag,cutacake,guesswhichjuicecontainerholdsthemost

liquid,andmuchmore.Discoverhowarchitects,productdesignersandscientistsusesimilarskills

intheirwork.

Dates:7MaylOJune

Tickets:Free

1.WhatshouldyoudoifyouwanttoattendthetastersessionofJodie'sfitnessclasses?

A.Joinafitnessclub.B.Payaregistrationfee.

C.Makeabooking.D.Hireapersonaltrainer.

2.HowmuchistheticketforFeltPictureMaking?

A.￡7.50.B.￡12.C.￡40.D.￡96.

3.Whichofthefollowingstartsearliest?

A.HarrogateMusicFestival.B.Jodie'sFitnessSummerClasses.

C.FeltPictureMaking.D.FigureItOut!PlayingwithMath.

【答案】1.C2.C3.D

【解析】這是一篇應用文。主要介紹了今年夏天約克郡的四個活動的情況。

1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Jodie'sFitnessSummerClasses部分中“Advancebookingsare

required(info@middletonlodge.co.uk.paris)(需要提前預訂(info@middletonlodge.co.uk.paris))^^

可知，如果你想參加Jodie的健身課程，你應該預約。故選C。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FeltPictureMaking部分中“Tickets:￡40includingmaterials(門票：40英

鎊（含材料））”可知，F(xiàn)eltPictureMaking的票需要40英鎊。故選C。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章內容可知，HarrogateMusicFestival從6月1日到7月31日；Jodie's

FitnessSummerClasses從5月23日至U7月11日；FeltPictureMaking從6月12日到7月12

日；FigureItOut!PlayingwithMath從5月7日到6月10日。故FigureItOut!PlayingwithMath

最早開始。故選D。

5.【2020?全國新高考I山東卷】A

POETRYCHALLENGE

Writeapoemabouthowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyouface

challengesinyourlife.

Prizes

3GrandPrizes：TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneother

personofthewinner'schoice.Tripincludesroundtripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,and

toursoftheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.

6FirstPrizes：ThebookSkyPioneer：APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhartsignedbyauthor

CorinneSzaboandpilotLindaFinch.

50HonorableMentions：Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowill

eachreceiveaTshirtinmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight.

Rules

Followallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.

■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.Yourpoemcanbeanyformat,anynumberoflines.

■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpaper.Youmayuseboththefrontandbackofthe

paper.

■Onthesamesheetofpaper,writeortypeyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirth

date.

■MailyourentrytousbyOctober31thisyear.188

1.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?()

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Six.

2.Whatwilleachofthehonorablementionwinnersget?()

A.Aplaneticket.B.AbookbyCorinneSzabo.

C.AspecialTshirt.D.AphotoofAmeliaEarhart.

3.Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?()

A.Typingyourpoemout.B.Writingapoemof120words.

C.Usingbothsidesofthepaper.D.MailingyourentryonOctober30.

【答案】1.A2.C3.B

【文章大意】本文是一篇應用文。本文是一篇詩歌大賽的征稿啟事。文章就參賽作品的內容、

獎項、參賽規(guī)則等做了介紹。

1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Prizes部分中第一段中的"TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthree

winners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner'schoice”可知，每位獲獎者都可以帶一名家

長和另一名由獲獎者選擇的人員。因此，每位獲獎者可以帶兩個人。故選A。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Prizes部分中第三段“50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50

honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaTshirtinmemoryofEarhaifsfinalflight”可

知，每位優(yōu)秀獎獲獎者都將獲得一件紀念埃爾哈特最后一次飛行的T恤。故選C。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一部分中的“Followallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.

■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer”可知，所寫的詩字數(shù)不能超過100字。否則，將會被

取消資格。故結合選項，B選項(寫一首120字的詩)是會被取消資格的。故選B。

6.A【2020?海南卷】

PaliOvernightAdventuresofferschildrenandteensexcitingexperiencesthissummer.From

broadcastingtostreetart,thesearejust4ofthe17highlyuniquecampsbeingoffered.

BroadcastingCamp

Beethenextstarreporter,newswriter,directororproducer.Whilerunningeveryaspectof

ourownnewsstation,kidsandtheirfellowcamperswillcreateandhostabroadcastairingeach

nightatdinnerfortheentirecamp.Everynightitgoesontheweb,keepingparentsandtheworld

informedofthehappeningsatPali.

SecretAgentCamp

InthemovieMissionImpossible,TomCruisemadebeingasecretagentseemlikethecoolest

jobever.Camperswhosignupforthe2weeksecretagentcampcangettoknowaboutthelifeof

realsecretagentsbylearningstrategiesandmilitaryskillsonthepaintballfield.

CulinaryCamp

Ifyourchildenjoysbeinginthekitchen,thentheculinarycampisdefinitelytherightfit.

Camperslearntechnicalskillsofroasting,fryingandcutting,aswellassomerecipesthattheycan

takehomeandsharewiththeirfamilies.

StreetArtCamp

Thiscamptakescreativelicensetoanentirelynewlevel.Camperswillsharetheircolorful

ideasandimaginationwitheachotherandworktogethertovisualize,sketchandpaintwith

nontraditionaltechniquestocreatethecoolestmural(壁畫)whichwillbedisplayedinpublicfor

alltosee.232

21.HowmanycampsdoesPaliOvernightAdventuresofferthissummer?()

A.2.B.4.C.17.D.21.

22.WhatwillcampersdoattheBroadcastingCamp?()

A.Createawebsite.B.Runanewsstation.

C.Meetastarreporter.D.Holdadinnerparty.

23.Whichcampwillattractchildrenwhoareinterestedincooking?()

A.BroadcastingCamp.B.SecretAgentCamp.

C.CulinaryCampD.StreetArtCamp.

【答案】21.C22.B23.C

【解析】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四個不同類型的夏令營的情況。

21.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中"Frombroadcastingtostreetart,thesearejust4ofthe17highly

uniquecampsbeingoffered.”可知從廣播到街頭藝術，這只是17個非常獨特的營地中的4個。

由此可知，今年夏天巴利島有17個露營地。故選C。

22.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第——段中"Whilerunningeveryaspectofourownnewsstation,kidsand

theirfellowcamperswillcreateandhostabroadcastairingeachnightatdinnerfortheentire

camp.”可知在經營好我們自己的新聞電臺的方方面面的同時，孩子們和他們的營員們將在每

天晚上的晚餐時，為整個夏令營創(chuàng)作并主持播出一個廣播。由此可知，營員在廣播營會經營

一家新聞電臺。故選B。

23.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ifyourchildenjoysbeinginthekitchen,thentheculinary

campisdefinitelytherightfit.Camperslearntechnicalskillsofroasting,fryingandcutting,as

wellassomerecipesthattheycantakehomeandsharewiththeirfamilies.“可知如果你的孩子喜

歡呆在廚房里，那么烹飪夏令營絕對是最合適的選擇。露營者學習烘焙、油炸和切菜的技術

技能，以及一些他們可以帶回家和家人分享的食譜。由此可知，CulinaryCamp會吸引對烹

飪感興趣的孩子。故選C。

細節(jié)理解考點2細節(jié)轉換與是非判斷題

1.B【2022?新高考I卷】

Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wasto

makeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Then

friendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,the

arugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;Icouldhavemadesix

saladswithwhatIthrewout.

Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,"foodwastegoesagainstthe

moralgrain,“asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.Ifsjawdroppinghowmuch

perfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway-from"ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedby

grocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.

Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.

Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,6<iffoodwastewerea

country,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”

Ifthafshardtounderstand,lefskeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmy

refrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime-butforhim,it'smorelike12bones

ofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitchenin

Washington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecovered

morethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有瑕疵的)

producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,

cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.

Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon'tthink."Everyonecanplayapartin

reducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingor

byaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon'teat,“Curtinsays.

5.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetest?

A.Moraldecline.B.Environmentalharm.

C.Energyshortage.D.Worldwidestarvation.

6.WhatdoesCurtin'spanydo?

A.Itproduceskitchenequipment.B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.

C.Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits.D.Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.

7.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?

A.Buyonlywhatisneeded.B.Reducefoodconsumption.

C.Goshoppingonceaweek.D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.

【答案】5.B6.D7.A

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了我們日常生活中的食物浪費現(xiàn)象以及華盛頓DC中

央廚房的首席執(zhí)行官科廷為解決食物浪費而采取的努力。

5.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的"Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,

andother,resourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,

Roytewrites,t4iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhouse

gasesintheworld.”（生產沒人吃的食物會浪費用于種植食物的水、燃料和其他資源。這使得

食物浪費成為一個環(huán)境問題。事實上，羅伊特寫道，“如果食物浪費是一個國家，它將是世

界上第三大溫室氣體排放國?！睉艨芍鶕?jù)文中的說法，浪費食物的一個后果是對環(huán)境的

危害。故選B。

6.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的“CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitchenin

Washington.D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecovered

morethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished（有瑕疵的）

produce,thatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,

cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.（科廷是華盛頓DC中央廚房的首席

執(zhí)行官，該公司把食物復原，變成健康的食物。去年，該組織通過接受捐贈和收集有瑕疵的

農產品，收回了超過807500磅的食物，否則這些農產品就會在地里腐爛。草莓呢？志愿者

們將清洗、切割、冷凍或干燥它們，以便在路上的餐食中使用）”可知，科廷的公司用人們不

想要的食物重新制作食物。故選D。

7.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“"Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherby

notpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonot

includethesidedishyouwon'teat,“Curtinsays.（“每個人都可以在減少浪費方面發(fā)揮作用，無

論是在每周的購物中不購買不必要的食物，還是要求餐館不包括你不吃的配菜，"科廷說）”

可知，科廷建議人們只買需要的東西來避免浪費食物。故選A。

2.D【2022?新高考I卷】

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthemon"m"and"a"tothe

rareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmoremonthanothers?

Agroundbreaking,fiveyearstudyshowsthatdietrelatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeech

soundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalled

labiodentals,suchas"f'and"v”,weremoremoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.

NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,has

foundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned

（對齊），makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptothe

upperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure（結構）,makingiteasiertoproduce

suchsounds.

Theteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagriculture

intheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodo

asmuchworkandsodidn'tgrowtobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesound

ofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof"F'and"V9increasingremarkably

duringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmany

huntergathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhen

humanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnot

necessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyof

speechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofaplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchange

andculturalevolution,64saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.

12.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

13.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

【答案】12.D13.C

【解析】本篇是一篇說明文。主要介紹因為飲食的改變導致了現(xiàn)在在世界上一半的語言中發(fā)

現(xiàn)了新的語音。

12.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockett

notedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f'and"v",weremoremoninthelanguages

ofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversity

ofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.（30多年前，學者CharlesHockett

注意到，被稱為唇齒音的語音，如"f'和"v”，在吃軟食物的社會的語言中更常見。現(xiàn)在，瑞

士蘇黎世大學的DamianBlasi領導的一組研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一趨勢產生的方式和原因。）”

可知DamianBlasi的研究重點是在語言的演變上。故選D。

13.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的"Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethof

ancienthumanadultswerealigned,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedby

touchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,making

iteasiertoproducesuchsounds.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，古人類的上門牙和下門牙是對齊的，因此很難產

生唇齒音，唇齒音是通過下唇接觸上牙齒而形成的。后來，我們的下顆變成了覆蓋咬合結構，

更容易發(fā)出這樣的聲音）”可知，因為古代成年人的下顆結構使他們很難發(fā)出唇齒音。故選

Co

3.【2022年新高考全國H卷】B

Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Many

youngpeopledon'tevenrealizeit'snew.Forthem,it'sjustnormal.

Thishithomeform。asIwassittingwithmy2yearoldgrandsononasofaovertheSpring

Festivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren'sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures

——aperfectmatchforhisage.

Picturethis:mygrandsonsittingonmylapasIholdthebookinfrontsohecanseethe

pictures.AsIread,hereachesoutandpokes（戳）thepagewithhisfinger.

Whafsupwiththat?Hejustlikesthepictures,Ithought.ThenIturnedthepageand

continued.Hepokedthepageevenharder.Inearlydroppedthebook.Iwasconfused:Isthere

somethingwrongwiththiskid?

ThenIrealizedwhatwashappening.Hewasactuallyastrangertobooks.Hisfather

frequentlyamusedtheboywithatabletputerwhichwasloadedwithcolorfulpicturesthatealive

whenyoupokethem.Hethoughtmystorybookwaslikethat.

Sorry,kid.Thisbookisnotpartofyourhightechworld.Ifsanoutdated,lifelessthing.An

antique,likeyourgrandfather.Well,Imaybeold,butI'mnothopelesslychallenged,digitally

speaking.Ieditvideoandproduceaudio.Iusemobilepayment.Fveevenbuiltwebsites.

There9sonenotablegapinmynewmediaexperience,however:I'vespentlittletimeinfront

ofacamera,sinceIhaveafacemadeforradio.Butthatdidn'tstopChinaDailyfromaskingme

lastweektoshareapersonalstoryforavideoprojectabouttheintegrationofBeijing,Tianjinand

Hebeiprovince.

Anyway,grandpaisnowa