試卷第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages33頁(yè)試卷第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages33頁(yè)上海市進(jìn)才中學(xué)2024學(xué)年第二學(xué)期期末考試高一英語(yǔ)試卷(時(shí)間120分鐘，滿(mǎn)分150分)I.ListeningcomprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Sheisastudent.

B.Sheisajournalist.C.Sheisachef.

D.Sheisafitnesstrainer.2.A.Atabookstore.

B.Atalibrary.

C.Ataparty.

D.Atagym.3.A.Heisanutritionist.B.Heeatsabalanceddiet.C.Hefollowsastrictexerciseroutine.D.Hedoesn'texercisemuchoreathealthily.4.A.MeetingintheparkonTuesdaymorning.B.MeetingatSarah'shouseonWednesday.C.MeetingatthelibraryonMondayafternoon.D.MeetingatacoffeeshoponSundayevening.5.A.AdvancedLiterature.B.AdvancedPsychology.C.ContemporaryLiterature.D.AdvancedPsychologyandContemporaryLiterature.6.A.Tosendmaillessoften.

B.Tochangeadeliverycompany.C.Tokeepherpostassmallaspossible.

D.Toinsureagainstlossforherdelivery.7.A.Badweather.

B.Alostsuitcase.C.Delayedflights.

D.Expensivehotels.8.A.Workingasawriter.

B.Becomingascientist.C.Beingaprofessionalathlete.

D.Pursuingacareerinfinance.9.A.Heisaprofessionalathlete.B.Heisnotinterestedinsports.C.Heisdisappointedintheteam'sloss.D.Heisexcitedabouttheteam'sperformance.10.A.Languagebarriers.

B.Eve-openingexperiences.C.Fearofridingarollercoaster.

D.Seekingsharedunderstanding.SectionB(1.5'×10=15')Directions:InSectionB,youwillhearseverallongerconversationsandashortpassage,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.InventingadevicetomeasureCO2levels.B.CreatingaVRexperienceforoceanconservation.C.Comparingbirdfeathersfromdifferentenvironments.D.Developingaconservationplanclimate-affectedareas.12.A.Airquality.

B.Soilquality.

C.Waterquality.

D.Noisepollution.13.A.Toshowcasethelatestfashiontrends.B.Tocelebratetraditionalartsandcrafts.C.Toraiseawarenessaboutclimatechange.D.TopromoteSTEMeducationandcareers.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Theyattachtheropetotheboardandstarttheboat.B.Theyperformtrickstodemonstrateadvancedtechniques.C.Theyteachbeginnershowtostandupandbalanceontheboard.D.Theyprovidedetailedexplanationsaboutthehistoryofwakeboarding.15.A.Toprotectagainstsunburn.

B.Tokeepyouwarminchillywater.C.Tohelpyoufloatincaseofafall.

D.Tomakeyoulookmoreprofessional.16.A.Describingamixofwatersports.B.Explaininghowtoridewavesonawakeboard.C.Providingintroductionandtipsforwakeboardingbeginners.D.Highlightingtheimportanceofsafetygearinwatersports.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingdialogue.17.A.Toimpresstheircolleaguesintheboardroom.B.Toimprovetheirwrittencommunicationskills.C.Toeffectivelynegotiateandmakepresentations.D.Toengageinsocialinteractions/relatedtobusiness.18.A.Specificphrasestoavoidusinginbusinessdiscussions.B.Topicsthatareconsideredinappropriatetodiscusssocially.C.Guidelinesforeffectivecommunicationinbusinesssettings.D.Traditionalcustomsrelatedtoconversationindifferentcultures.19.A.Complimentingthelocalsportsteams.B.Inquiringaboutaperson'sageorincome.C.Discussingthelocalartandliteraturescene.D.Askingaboutsomeone'sfavoritelocalfood.20.A.It'salwaysusefulinmakingbusinessdeals.B.It'sunnecessaryandmaycomeacrossasinsincere.C.Itplaysanimportantroleinbeingcriticalandhonestinyouropinions.D.It'sapositivewaytoengageinconversationindifferentcountries.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionA(1'×10=10')Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperfromofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheTransformativePowerofSoloTravelSolotravel,consideredbymanyastheultimateformofself-discovery,hasgainedimmensepopularityamongyoungadultsinrecentyears.Unlikegrouptours1everythingisarranged,travelingalonepushesindividualsoutoftheircomfortzones,forcingthemtoconfrontunexpectedchallenges.Statisticsshowthatthenumberofsolotravelersunder302(increase)by150%since2015.Whatdrivesthistrend?Psychologistssuggestthatyoungpeople,growingupinanincreasinglydigitalworld,3(pursue)authenticexperiencesthatsocialmediacannotprovide.Whenyou'realoneinaforeigncountrywithnoone4(rely)on,everydecision—fromnavigatingpublictransportation5orderingfoodinalocaldialect—becomesalessoninindependence.However,solotravelisn'twithoutrisks.Seasonedtravelersrecommend6(research)localcustomsthoroughlybeforehand.IncertainMiddleEasterncountries,forinstance,womentravelingaloneareexpectedtodressmodestlytoavoidunwantedattention.Failure7(respect)culturalnormsmayleadtoseriousconsequences.Ultimately,those8haveexperiencedsolotraveloftendescribeitaslife-changing.Thechallengesovercomeandperspectivesgainedtendtohave9profoundimpactthatnoclassroomeducationcanmatch.AstravelwriterPicoLyeronceremarked,“Wetravelinitiallytoloseourselves;wetravelnexttofindourselves.”P(pán)erhapsthisexplains10moreyoungpeoplearechoosingtoembarkonjourneysalone,seekingnotjustdestinations,buttransformations.SectionB(1'×10=10')Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.competitive

B.consequences

C.desired

D.dividesE.distinguishes.

F.facilities

G.guarantee

H.guiltI.imposed

J.linked

K.transferred

WhatYouDon’tKnowaboutGyms150minutesofexerciseaweek:that’showmuchweshouldallbedoing.Doesthismeanthatgymsarethebestwaysto11ourhealth?Maybe,buttheyarenotwithouttheirownhealthrisks.Recentstudieshavesuggestedthatsomegym-goers’hygienestandardsleavemuchtobe12.Bacteriathatcancauseseriousillness,suchasfoodpoisoningorpneumonia,wasfoundonthesurfaceofgym13.Sweatandtheincreasedtemperaturecausedbyexercisecanhelpdangerousbacteriagrowontheskin,whichcanbe14toourclothing.Itmightnotjustbethemicrobesatagymthatcouldbetoxic.Toxicgymculturemaybeleadingpeopletofeeljudgedorintimidated(害怕).Ina2019USstudy,overhalfthosesurveyedfeltanxiouswhengoingtothegym.Thisfeelingofbeingjudged,andanoverly15atmosphere,couldcreatepressuretoover-exercise.TheClevelandClinic16betweenoverreachingandover-training.Thefirstistheresultofasingleinstanceofover-exercise,whichleadsto-littlemorethanmusclesoreness,whilethelatterismorelong-termandcanhavemoreserious17.Over-traininghasbeenlinkedtoinjuries,fatigue,reducedappetiteandproblemswithsleeporweightgain.Whenexercisebecomes18,itcanalsobedangerousforourmentalhealth.WritingforCNET,wellnesswriterTaylorLeameywarnsthatfeeling19atmissedgymsessionsortryingtouseexerciseasawaytocontrolourbodiescouldbesignsthatexercisedependencyisaproblem.Thiscanbe20withhavinganegativebodyimage.Ofcourse,weshouldn’tforgetthatexercisecanreallyhelpourphysicalandmentalhealth,aslongaswecanmaintainahealthyrelationshipwithit.Ⅲ.ReadingandComprehensionSectionA(1.5'×15=22.5')Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Ultra-ProcessedFoodCouldBeTakingYearsoffYourLifeThey’recheap,convenient,andengineeredtotasteoddlydelicious—butnewresearchsuggeststhateatingadiethighinultra-processedfoodcouldquietlyincreaseyourriskofdyingyearsearlierthanexpected.AmassiveinternationalstudypublishedthisweekintheAmericanJournalofPreventiveMedicineanalyzeddatafrommorethan240,000adultsacrosseightcountriesandfoundaclearbetweendietshighinultra-processedfoodsandprematuredeath.Specifically,theresearchersestimatedthatinthe.U.S.,upto14%ofallearlydeaths—definedasdyingbetweenages30and69—couldbetothesetypesoffoods.“Thefindingssupportthatultra-processedfoodcontributessignificantlytotheoverallburdenofdiseaseinmanycountries,”theresearcherswrote,addingthatreducingthesefoodsshouldbepartofpublichealthpolicy.Thatmightsound,butittrackswithwhatnutritionexpertshavebeensayingforyears.Ultra-processedfoods—packageditemsloadedwithadditives,flavorenhancers,stabilizers,andpreservatives—about70%ofthemodernfoodsupply.Thatincludeschips,sodas,frozenmeals,sugarycereals,proteinbars,andevenmanyitemsthatlookhealthyonthesurface.“Thesearefoodsthatdefinitelydon’texistinnaturebythemselves,”saiddietitianScottKeatley,R.D.,explainingthatthey’rebuiltforshelflifeandaddictiveflavor,not.Beyondthelackofvitaminsorfiber,ultra-processedfoodstendtooutwholefoodsthatactuallysupporthealth.AccordingtoKeatley,thisdietaryshifttheriskofchronicinflammation,insulinresistance,visceralfatbuildup,andDNAdamage—factorsthatarealllinkedtoheartdisease,cancer,andtype2diabetes.“Overtime,thecumulative(累積的)damagecanyearsoffalifespan,”hesaid,“especiallyinpeoplewhoarealreadymetabolicallyvulnerable.”Thatdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoliveonkale(羽衣甘藍(lán))andsalmonforever.DietitianJessicaCording,R.D.,recommendsabalanced85/15.Thismeanseatingmostlywholefoods,whilestillleavingroomforprocessedoptions.“It’snotthatthefoodsareaone-waytickettoearlydeath,”shesaid.“Butit’smoreliketherearethingsthathappenbecauseofthem.”Evenwithintheultra-processed,somechoicesarebetterthanothers.Afortified(營(yíng)養(yǎng)強(qiáng)化的)plantmilkoralow-sugarproteinbarismilesbetterthanasleeveoffrostedpastries.Butnutritionistsagree:chips,soda,andfrozendessertsshouldn'tbeyourmaindietary.,whatyoueatmostoften—notoccasionally—iswhatendsupshapingyourlong-termhealth.21．A．contrast B．sign C．fault D．connection22．A．a(chǎn)ttributed. B．submitted C．distributed D．restricted23．A．production B．intake C．transport D．storage24．A．dramatic B．a(chǎn)ppealing C．selective D．established25．A．putup B．bringup C．makeup D．pushup26．A．calorie B．nutrition C．contribution D．satisfaction27．A．crowd B．run C．burn D．work28．A．maps B．marks C．raises D．ruins29．A．a(chǎn)dd B．drive C．pick D．shave30．A．conclusion B．procedure C．gap D．a(chǎn)pproach31．A．occasional B．multiple C．complex D．eventual32．A．originally B．deliberately C．practically D．essentially33．A．schedule B．category C．reach D．program34．A．requests B．channels C．characters D．directions35．A．Inturn B．Afterall C．Toconclude D．OnpurposeSectionB(2'×11=22')Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)FrancesArnoldhasalwaysbeenarebel(叛逆者).Herwillingnesstoquestionauthorityandmakeherownwayhelpedherearnthe2018NobelPrizeinChemistryforherpioneeringworkin?“directedevolutionofenzymes(酶)”.Gettingthere,though,requiredArnoldtoenhanceherinnovativeeffortinaprocessthattookdecades.Arnold,64,grewupinaconservativefamilyinasuburbofPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.Attheageof15,shelefthometoseekanindependentlife.Shefoundherownapartmentinthecityandworkedanumberofjobstogetby—whilestillattendinghighschool.Theexperiencetaughthervaluablelifelessons.?“I’mnotafollower,”shesays,?“Ihadtodomythinginmyownwayandoftenitwasthehardway.”Arnoldeventuallygaveintoherfamily.SheappliedtotheMechanicalEngineeringDepartmentatPrincetonUniversity,herdad’salmamater(母校).Aftergraduatingin1979,shebrieflytookupjobsinsolartechnologybeforerealizingitwasnotwhereherpassionlay.Herdeterminationtomakeadifference,however,remainedunchanged.ShewentbacktoschooltoearnadvanceddegreesinchemicalengineeringattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.Whenshecompletedherpostdoctoralworktherein1986,ArnoldjoinedthefacultyatCaltechandhassincebeenworkingthereinthefieldsofchemicalengineering,bioengineeringandbiochemistry.Intermsofresearchpotential,hertimingwasperfect.TheworldofDNAwasjustopeningup.Genesplicing(基因剪接)technologywasnew.?“Wewerehopingtomakethecodeoflifeworkforus,”Arnoldrecalls.Atthetimeitwasacomplicated,laboriousprocessthatrequiredknowingwhichchangesintheDNAwouldleadtowhatevertraitstheresearcherswantedtochange.Tomakeausefulmedicine,forinstance,theresponsiblegenehadtobemodified.Neveronetofollowthecrowd,shethoughtshehadabetteridea—useevolution,becauseDNAwas?“composedbyevolutionoverthemillennia”.Hervisionwastospeeditupandmakeitworkforus.?“Humanshavebeencreatingnewformsoflifebyartificialselectionforthousandsofyears,”shesays.?“Fromcorntohairlesscats,we’vebeenmodifyingDNAtoserveusbychoosingwhogoesontoparentthenextgeneration.”Shedecidedtobreedproteinsthathadthetraitsshewasinterestedin.Andasitturnedout,proteinswereabletoadaptquicklytonewdemandsthatwerebeingplaceduponthem.?“Tome,(directedevolution)seemedobvious,”sherecalls.Thiswasnottrueforeveryone.?“Igotalotofpushback.Peopleweretellingmetheonlyproperwaywastositdownanddesigngenes.”Despitethepressure,Arnoldpersevered.Inpart,itwasherdeterminationandcourage.Butshedoesn’tclaimcreditforherself.?“AnythingIdoissmall.ButIenlargethatbysharingideaswithotherpeople,”shesays,?“TheygavemetheNobelPrizereallybecausemyideasweremagnifiedbysomanyotherpeople.”36．WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutArnold?A．Sheneverlistenedtowhatherparentssaid.B．Shedidn’tknowearlyonthatherinterestwasinstudyingDNA.C．Shehadtotakeseveralpart-timejobstoputherthroughcollege.D．Sheappliedtostudyengineeringbecauseit’sthebestmajorinhisfather’salmamater.37．WhichofthefollowingisnotthefunctionofDNAbeforeArnold’sresearch?A．Tomakeeffectivemedicine. B．Tocultivateplants.C．Tochangephysicalfeaturesofanimals. D．Tobreedproteins.38．WhatisthesecretofArnold’ssuccess?A．Heroptimisticattitudetowardslife.B．Hernaturalcuriosityabouteverything.C．Herwillingnessandcouragetotakeanunusualpath.D．Herpassionformakingadifferenceinthescientificworld.39．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．ThemagicofthemodificationofDNAB．TheunusualpathtotheNobelPrizeC．BeingstraightforwardandstubbornworksD．Thepowerofteamworkinthescientificworld(B)VanGoghexperiencedamentaldisorderExpertsanalyzedvanGogh’smedicalrecordsandhundredsofhisletters,andinterviewedthreehistoriansspecializingintheartist.Theybelievethatthefindingspointtotheartisthavingexperiencedtwoperiodsofmentaldisorderinthefinalyearsofhislife.Thesemayhavebeencausedinpartbyenforcedwithdrawalfromalcohol,uponwhichvanGoghwasincreasinglydependent.HS2digshowsmagicalmarksMedievalgraffiti(中世紀(jì)涂鴉)foundintheremainsofachurchinBuckinghamshiremayhavebeencreatedtowardoffbadspiritswhichisconsiderednegativeatthattime,expertssuggest.Themarks,foundcarvedintostonesintheruinedchurch,likelydatefromthe12thcentury.It’samongthediscoveriesmadeasworkcontinuesonBritain’snewhigh-speedHS2railline,whichissettobeginoperationfrom2029.EndoftheStoneAgesawmonumentalbuildingriseThefinalyearsoftheNeolithicperiod(新石器時(shí)代)weremarkedbyintensebuildingactivityandtheconstructionofseverallargemonumentsinBritain,anewstudysuggests.Analysisofahenge(巨石陣)atMountPleasantinDorsetshowsthatittookbetween35and125yearstobuild,ratherthancenturies,aspreviouslythought.Expertsassumethattheeffortmayhavebeeninspiredbyasensethattimeswerechanging.FirstsettlersinNorthAmericauseddoghairforclothingFindingalandscapeshortofanimalstodomesticate,thefirsthumanstoarriveinNorthAmericabredthedogsthattraveledwiththemfromEurasiaforhunting,forlaborand,mostoften,forfur.That’satheorysuggestedbyastudyof170,000dogs’bonesfoundinthenorthwestofNorthAmerica.Theirhairmayhavebeenmadeintoyarn(紗線(xiàn))foruseinclothing,expertssuggest.40．Whatdoesthephrasewardoffmeaninthesecondparagraph?A．prevent B．cause C．invade D．reverse41．Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?A．VanGogh’smentaldisorderwascompletelycausedbyalcohol.B．HS2digismeanttodiscoverMedievalruins.C．TheNeolithicperiodlastedabout35to125years.D．FirstsettlersinNorthAmericaraiseddogsmainlyforfur.42．Whoareprobablythetargetreadersofthetext?A．Animalprotectors. B．Scientificresearchers.C．Cityarchitects. D．Historylovers.(C)Iffive-year-oldscouldreadacademicresearchreports,theymightbealarmedbywhattheywouldfindinarecentonefromtheStanfordCenteronLongevity.Thereportopenedwithabitofpromisingnews:“IntheUnitedStates,demographers(人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家)predictthatasmanyashalfoftoday’sfive-year-oldscanexpecttolivetotheageof100.”Butthatwasfollowed,severalpagesdown,byahauntingprediction:“Overthecourseof100-yearlives,wecanexpecttoworkfor60yearsormore.”IntheUnitedStates,theaverageretirementageis62.Formostpeople,40orsoyearsofworkismorethanenough,sotheideaofanadditional20isdepressing.Perhapsthat’sbecauseweareimagining60yearsofworkasitisformanypeopletoday:inflexible,all-consuming,poorlymatchedtotherhythmsoflife.Forthesakeofthefive-year-olds,weshouldredesignwork.“Weworkincreasinglyharderthroughtheyearswhenwe’rehavingchildren,”saidLauraCarstensen,directoroftheStanfordCenteronLongevity.Workandfamilyresponsibilitiesbothcommonlypeakinmid-adulthood.Theycanbereallystressful,especiallyforwomen,whoprimarilybeartheheavyburdenofchildcare.Toaddressthis,Carstensenproposesallowingworkerstoscaletheirhoursupordownthroughouttheircareers,basedontheirresponsibilitiesoutsideofpaidwork.Sheimaginestwoparentsbeingabletotemporarilyreducetheirfull-timejobsto20hoursaweekwhencaringfortheiryoungchildren,andthengraduallyincreasingtheirworkinghourslateron.Underthismodel,peoplewouldworkthesameamountoverallastheydonow,butspreadworkoutovermoreyearsoftheirlives.Moreover,workinglessduringlife’s“peakperiods”wouldallowpeopletospendmoretimeontheirhobbiesandwiththeirfriends.Thiscouldhelpavoidexhaustion.Atsomepointintheir20sor30s,manyworkersenteraseasonoflifewhenjobsandfamilies“steal”timefromfriendships.Temporarilyreducingworkloadscouldmitigate(緩和)thatshiftandallowpeopletolivemorevariedlives.Thisvisionmakesa60-yearcareerfeelmanageable,buttherearesignificantbarrierstoredesigningworkinthisway.“Whenwestartedhavingdual-earnerhouseholds,thattranslatedintopeoplebuyingmorestuff,”saidLouisHyman,ahistorianatCornellUniversity.Sowhenpeoplestayhealthierforlonger,itisunlikelythattheywillbeabletooptoutofworkingmore.Thatsaid,retirementasweknowitisarelativelynewinvention.Untilthelate19thcentury,peopletypicallyworkeduntiltheywerenolongerphysicallyableto.Whathaschangedbetweenthenandnowisthatretirementbecamefinanciallyfeasible.People’sincomesroseasproductivityincreased.Andinthe1930s,theU.S.governmentstarteddistributingSocialSecuritypaymentstosupportpeopleintheiroldage.Itmightbedifficulttoimagineamorehumanestyleofworkbecomingthenewnorm.However,theworldwearelivinginnowwouldhavebeenjustashardtoimagineforourancestorswho-practicallyworkedupuntilthemomenttheydied.43．What’sthemainproblemwithtoday’sworkingcareerformostpeople?A．Theymayhavetoworkfull-timeforaslongas60years.B．Theyfeeltiredofhavingtoengageinvarioussocialactivities.C．Theyfindithardtobepromotedwhentheyhavechildren.D．Theystruggletobalancetheirworkandfamilycommitmentsinmiddleage.44．WhichofthefollowingchartmightLauraCarstensenagreewithaboutfuturecareer?A． B．C． D．45．Whatmightpreventpeoplefromretiringfromworkinthefuture?A．Unexpectedhealthproblems. B．Theincreasingdesireforconsumption.C．Thebusyscheduleofparents. D．TheSocialSecuritypayment.46．Whatcanbeinferredformthelasttwoparagraphs?A．RetirementisanideathatdatesbacktotheIndustrialRevolution.B．Retirementwouldn’thavebecomepossiblewithouteconomicprogress.C．Itwasimpossibleforourancestorstobuildupsavingsbydoingafull-timejob.D．Ourancestorsworkeduntiltheirdeathbecauseoftheirpoorworkingconditions.SectionC(2'×4=8')Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.HowGreenIstheBuilding?IntheworldleadersmeetinginParisagreedtomovetowardszeronetgreenhouse-gasemissionsinthesecondhalfofthiscentury.Thatisatallorder,andthebuildingindustrymakesiteventaller.Cement-makingaloneproduces6%oftheworld’scarbonemission.47Ifyoufactorinalloftheenergythatgoesintolighting,heatingandcoolinghomesandoffices,theworld’sbuildingsstarttolooklikeasevereenvironmentalproblem.Governmentsintherichworldarenowtryingtopromotegreenerbehaviorbyobligingdeveloperstobuildnewprojectsto“zerocarbon”standards.48AllothertypesofbuildingswillfollowinJanuaryofthenextyear.Governmentsineightfurthercountriesarebeingadvisedtointroduceasimilarpolicy.49Windturbinesandsolarpanelsontopofbuildingslookgoodbutaremuchlessproductivethan-windandsolarfarms.Andthestandardsonlycounttheemissionsfromrunningabuilding,notthoseletoutwhenitwasmade.Thosearethoughttoaccountforbetween30%and60%ofthetotaloverastructure’slifetime.Buildingscanbecomegreener.Theycanusemorerecycledsteelandcanbepre-made.Theenergyrequiredtoproduceawoodenbeamisone-sixthofthatrequiredforasteeloneofcomparablestrength.Whenamaturetreeiscutdown,anewonecanbeplantedtoreplaceit,capturingmorecarbon.Afterbuildingsaretorndown,oldroofsareeasytorecycleinto-newstructures.Andforolderbuildings-tobemoreenergy-efficient,woodisagoodinsulator(絕緣體).50Governmentscanhelpurgetheindustrytousemorewood,particularlyinthepublicsector—theconstructionindustry’sbiggestclient.Thatwouldhelpwood-buildingspecialistsachievegreaterscaleandlowercosts.A．Forexample,asoftwoodwindowframeprovides400timesasmuchinsulationasasteeland1,000timesasanaluminum.B．However,thesestandardsarelessgreenthantheymayseem.C．InJanuary,allnewbuildingsintheEUmustbebuiltto“nearlyzero-energy”standards.D．Steelhalfofwhichgoesintobuildings,accountsforanother8%.E．Thiswouldfavorwoodaswellasinnovativewaysofproducingothermaterials.F．Zero-carbonbuildingregulationsshouldbealteredtoincludethematerialemissions.IV.SummaryWriting(10')51．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.EndangeredSpeciesAnendangeredspeciesisagroupofanimalsthatcouldsoonbecomeextinct.Extinctionhappenswhenthelastofthespecieshasdiedoutandtherewillbenomore.Manyspeciesarenearlyextinctandcoulddisappearoffthefaceoftheearthverysoonifwedon’tdoanythingtosavethem.Therearemanyreasonswhy-speciesbecomeendangeredbutmostofthemareduetohumans.Habitatdestructionisthemainreasonwhyanimalsbecomeendangeredandthishappensintwoways.Whenhumansmoveintoanewarea,theanimals’habitatisdestroyedandthereisnothingtoeatbecausehumanschopdowntreesandbuildhousesandfarms.Animalhabitatsarealsodestroyedbecauseofpollution.Chemicalsinriversandpoisonsonfarmscausethedestructionofhabitatsandanimalscannolongerlivethere.Endangeredspeciesarealsotheresultofhuntingandfishing.Animalsarekilledfortheirfur,bonesorskin,orjustforsport(消遣).Somesealspeciesarenowonthevergeofextinctionbecausetheyarekilledfortheirfurtomakecoats.Tigersareshottomakemedicineandteafromtheirbones,andcrocodilesarecaughttomakebagsandshoes.Overfishingmeansthatlargeseacreatureslikewhales,tunaandsharkshaveallbecomeendangeredspecies,becausetoomanyarecaughttomakethingslikeshark’sfinsoup.Sowhatcanindividualsandgovernmentsdotoprotectanimalandplantspeciesfrombecomingendangered?Weshouldtakecarenottopollutenaturalareas,andfarmersorco