（帶解析）2017北京高考英語(yǔ)真題2017年普通高等學(xué)校全國(guó)招生統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（北京卷）本試卷共16頁(yè)，共150分。考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)120分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。例：Whatisthemangoingtoread?A．Anewspaper.B．Amagazine.

C．Abook.答案是A1．Whenwillthefilmstart?A．At5:00.B．At6:00.

C．At7:00.2．Whichclubwillthemanjoin?A．Thefilmclub.B．Thetravelclub.

C．Thesportsclub.3．Whatwastheweatherlikeinthemountainsyesterday?A．Sunny.B．Windy.

C．Snowy.4．Whatdoesthemanwanttocutoutofpaper?A．Afish.B．Abird.

C．Amonkey.5．Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A．Inalibrary.B．Atabookstore.

C．Inamuseum.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6短材料，回答第6至7題。6．Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?A．Tomakeaninvitation.B．Toaskforinformation.C．Todiscussaholidayplan.7．Howmuchdoesthewomanneedtopayfortheminibus?A．$50.B．$150.

C．$350.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whatarethetwosperkersmainlytalkingabout?A.Electronicwaste.B.Soilpollution.

C.Recylingbenefits.9.Whatdoesthewomandecidetodowithhercellhponeintheend?A.Throwitaway.B.Keepitathome.

C.Sellittoberecycled.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthesperkers?A.Friends.B.Wifeandhusband.

C.Businesspartners.11.Wheredoesthewomanworknow?A.Inaschool.B.Inarestaurant.

C.Inatravelagency.12.Whatarethetwosperkersgoingtodo?A.Totakeatrip.B.Tohaveacoffee.

C.Toattendameeting.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至15題。13.Whathasbeenimprovedaccordingtothespeaker?A.Thetrainstation.B.Thebusservice.

C.Theparkinglot.14.Howdoesthespeakergettoherofficetoday?A.Bybusandonfoot.B.Bytrainandbybus.

C.Bytrainandonfoot.15.Whoisthespeaker?A.Areporter.B.Apoliceman.C.Aphotographer.第三節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，共7.5分）聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話(huà)，完成16至20五道小題，每小題僅填一個(gè)詞。聽(tīng)對(duì)話(huà)前，你將有20秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀試題，聽(tīng)完后你將有60秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。這段對(duì)話(huà)你將聽(tīng)兩遍。Pick-upAppointmentFormItem（物品）A

16

andsomemagazinesDestinationOverseasto

17

DeliveryAir

regularTimetopickup5:00

afternoonPackingAmediumboxCustomer'sinformationMr.Hudson

19

89Street,Chicago,

20

Tel:4159786第二部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分，共15分）從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑．21．（1分）Samuel，thetallestboyinourclass，______easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf．（）A．mustB．shouldC．canD．need22．（1分）﹣Peter，pleasesenduspostcards______we'llknowwhereyouhavevisited．﹣Noproblem．（）A．butB．orC．forD．so23．（1分）Everyyear，______makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival．（）A．whateverB．whoeverC．whomeverD．whichever24．（1分）﹣______thatcompanytoseehowtheythinkofourproductyesterday？﹣Yes．Theyarehappywithit．（）A．DidyoucallB．HaveyoucalledC．WillyoucallD．Wereyoucalling25．（1分）______birdsusetheirfeathersforflight，someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes．（）A．OnceB．IfC．AlthoughD．Because26．（1分）Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree﹣linedstreet，notknowing______shewasheading．（）A．whyB．whereC．howD．when27．（1分）Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline______theirvaluabletime．（）A．saveB．savingC．tosaveD．saved28．（1分）Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomething，youmayresearch，study，andtalktootherpeople_______youfigureitout．（）A．becauseB．thoughC．untilD．since29．（1分）Inthe1950sintheUSA，mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome，andwirelessphones_______yet．（）A．haven'tinventedB．haven'tbeeninventedC．hadn'tinventedD．hadn'tbeeninvented30．（1分）Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife，_________frombutterfliestoelephants．（）A．rangingB．rangeC．torangeD．ranged31．（1分）Thelittleproblems______wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions．（）A．thatB．a(chǎn)sC．whereD．when32．（1分）Jimhasretired，buthestillremembersthehappytime_______withhisstudents．（）A．tospendB．spendC．spendingD．spent33．（1分）People______betteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto，andthey'relivinglongerasresult．（）A．willhaveB．haveC．hadD．hadhad34．（1分）Ifthenewsafetysystem_______touse，theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened．（）A．hadbeenputB．wereputC．shouldbeputD．wouldbeput35．（1分）Manypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealiving_______fishingindustry．（）A．a(chǎn)tB．inC．onD．by第二節(jié)完形填空（每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上講該項(xiàng)涂黑．HannahTaylorisaschoolgirlformManitoba，Canada．Oneday，whenshewasfiveyearsold，shewaswalkingwithhermotherindowntownWinnipeg．Theysawaman（36）

outofagarbagecan．Sheaskedhermotherwhyhedidthat，andhermothersaidthatthemanwashomelessandhungry．Hannahwasvery（37）

．Shecouldn'tunderstandwhysomepeoplehadtolivetheirliveswithoutshelterorenoughfood．Hannahstartedtothinkabouthowshecould（38）

，but，ofcourse，thereisnotalotonefive﹣year﹣oldcandotosolve（解決）theproblemofhomelessness．Later，whenHannahattendedschool，shesawanotherhomelessperson．Itwasawoman，（39）

anoldshoppingtrolley（購(gòu)物車(chē)）whichwaspiledwith（40）

．Itseemedthateverythingthewomanownedwasinthem．ThismadeHannahverysad，andevenmore（41）

todosomething．Shehadbeentalkingtohermotheraboutthelivesofhomelesspeople（42）

theyfirstsawthehomelessman．Hermothertoldherthatifshedidsomethingtochangetheproblemthatmadehersad，shewouldn't（43）

asbad．HannahbegantospeakoutaboutthehomelessnessinManitobaandtheninotherprovinces．Shehopedto（44）

hermessageofhopeandawareness．ShestartedtheLadybugFoundation，anorganizationaimingatgettingridofhomelessness．Shebeganto（45）

"BigBosses"lunches，whereshewouldtrytopersuadelocalbusinessleadersto（46）

tothecause．Shealsoorganizedafundraising（募捐）drivein"LadybugJars"tocollecteveryone′ssparechangeduring"MakeChange"month．Morerecently，thefoundationbegananother（47）

calledNationalRedScarfDay﹣adaywhenpeopledonate$20andwearredscarvesinsupportofCanada′s（48）

andhomeless．ThereisanemergencyshelterinWinnipegcalled"Hannah′sPlace"，somethingthatHannahisvery（49）

of．Hannah′sPlaceisdividedintoseveralareas，providingshelterforpeoplewhenitissocoldthat（50）

outdoorscanmeandeath．InthemorethanfiveyearssinceHannahbeganheractivities，shehasreceivedalotof（51）

．Forexample，shereceivedthe2007BRICKAwardrecognizingthe（52）

ofyoungpeopletochangetheworld．But（53）

allthis，Hannahstillhasthe（54）

lifeofaWinnipegschoolgirl，exceptthatshepaysregularvisitstohomelesspeople．Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakinga（55）

intheworld．Youcan，too!36．A．jumpingB．eatingC．cryingD．waving37．A．a(chǎn)nnoyedB．nervousC．a(chǎn)shamedD．upset38．A．behaveB．manageC．helpD．work39．A．pushingB．carryingC．buyingD．holding40．A．goodsB．bottlesC．foodsD．bags41．A．excitedB．determinedC．energeticD．grateful42．A．sinceB．unlessC．a(chǎn)lthoughD．a(chǎn)s43．A．soundB．getC．feelD．look44．A．exchangeB．leaveC．keepD．spread45．A．sellB．deliverC．hostD．pack46．A．contributeB．leadC．a(chǎn)pplyD．a(chǎn)gree47．A．campaignB．tripC．procedureD．trial48．A．elderlyB．hungryC．lonelyD．sick49．A．a(chǎn)wareB．a(chǎn)fraidC．proudD．sure50．A．goingB．sleepingC．travellingD．playing51．A．praisesB．invitationsC．repliesD．a(chǎn)ppointments52．A．needsB．interestsC．dreamsD．efforts53．A．forB．throughC．besidesD．a(chǎn)long54．A．healthyB．publicC．normalD．tough55．A．choiceB．profitC．judgementD．difference第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑．AItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint，NorthCarolina．ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballteamwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice，stampingtheirfeettostaywarm，Eighth﹣graderTaylorBisbeeshivered（發(fā)抖）alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay．Thetwodidn'tknoweachotherwell﹣Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore．Suddenly，Parisfelltotheground，"Paris'seyerolledback，"Taylorsays．"Shestartedshaking．Iknewitwasanemergency．"Itcertainlywas，Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure．Withoutimmediatemedicalcare，Pariswoulddie．Atfirst，noonemoved．Thegirlswereinshock．Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout，"DoesanyoneknowCPR？"CPRisalife﹣savingtechnique．TodoCPR，youpressonthesickperson'schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans．Withoutoxygen，thebrainisdamagedquickly．Amazingly，TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore．Still，shehesitated．Shedidn'tthinksheknewitwellenough．Butwhennooneelsecameforward，TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR，"Itwasscary．Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath，"saysTaylor．Taylor'sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown．Onegirlcalled911．Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse，whobroughtadefibrillator，anelectronicdevices（器械）thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork．Luckstayedwiththem：Paris'sheartbeatreturned．"IknowIwasreallylucky，"Parissaysnow．"Mostpeopledon'tsurvivethis．Myteamsavedmylife．"ExpertssayParisisright：Forasuddenheartfailure，thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly．Today，Parisisbackonthesoftballteam．Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon．Shewantstobeanurse．"Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow，"Taylorsays．"IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation．"56．WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday？

A．Shecaughtabadcold．B．Shehadasuddenheartproblem．C．Shewasknockeddownbyaball．D．Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice57．WhydoesParissayshewaslucky？

A．Shemadeaworthyfriend．B．Sherecoveredfromshock．C．ShereceivedimmediateCPR．D．Shecamebackonthesoftballteam．58．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor？

A．Enthusiasticandkind．B．Courageousandcalm．C．Cooperativeandgenerous．D．Ambitiousandprofessional．BInspiringyoungminds!TOKNOWMagazineisabighitintheworldofchildren'spublishing，bringingauniquecombinationofchallengingideasandgoodfuntoyoungfanseverymonth．WhatissospecialaboutTOKNOWMagazine？

Well，ithasnoadsorpromotionsinside﹣﹣insteaditisjam﹣packedwithseriousideas．TOKNOWmakescomplexideasattractiveandaccessibletochildren，whocanbecomeinvolvedinadvancedconceptsandevenphilosophy（哲學(xué)）﹣﹣andtheywillsoondiscoverthatTOKNOWfeelsmorelikeaclubthanjustamagazine．What'sinside？Everymonththemagazineintroducesafreshnewtopicwitharticles，experimentsandcreativethingstomake﹣﹣themagazinealsoexploresphilosophyandwellbeingtomakesureyoungreadershaveabalancedtakeonlife．Soundstoogoodtobetrue？Takealookonline﹣evidenceshowsthatthousandsofteachersandparentsknowagoodthingwhentheyseeitandrecommendTOKNOWtotheirfriends．HappyBirthdayAllYear!Whatcouldbemorefunthanagiftthatkeepscomingthroughtheletterboxeverymonth？Thefirstmagazinewithyourgiftmessagewillarriveintimeforthespecialday．SUBSCRIBENOW□AnnualSubscriptionEurope￡55RestofWorld￡65□AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPackIncludesaMammothMap，aPassportPuzzleBooklet，andSubscriptionEurope￡60RestofWorld￡70RefundPolicy﹣thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback．（59）WhyisTOKNOWaspecialmagazine？

A．Itentertainsyoungparents．B．Itprovidesseriousadvertisements．C．Itpublishespopularsciencefictions．D．Itcombinesfunwithcomplexconcepts．（60）WhatdoesTOKNOWofferitsreaders？

A．Onlinecourses．B．Articlesonnewtopics．C．Lecturesonabalancedlife．D．Reportsonscientificdiscoveries．（61）Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakea12﹣mouthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpackfromChina？

A．￡55．B．￡60．C．￡65．D．￡70．（62）SubscribersofTOKNOWwouldget

．A．freebirthdaypresentsB．fullrefundwithin28daysC．membershipoftheTOKNOWclubD．chancestomeettheexpertsinpersonCMeasles（麻疹），whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore，wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine（疫苗）．Butthediseaseismakingacomeback，causedbyagrowinganti﹣vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly．Alreadythisyear，115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA，comparedwith189foralloflastyear．Thenumbersmightsoundsmall，buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend．Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh，astheystillareinthenationasawhole，everyoneisprotected．Thisiscalled"herdimmunity"，whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily，includingthosewhocan'tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons，babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleonwhomthevaccinedoesn'twork．Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin．Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride，immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger．That'sexactlywhatishappeninginsmallneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrangeCounty，California，where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth，toBrooklyn，N．Y．，wherea17﹣year﹣oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear．Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades，anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk．Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer．Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout（決定不參加）ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten．Seventeenstatesallowparentstogetanexemption（豁免），sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingtheypersonallyobjecttoavaccine．Now，severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout．Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions．Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons．Butpersonalopinions？Notgoodenough．Everyoneenjoysthelife﹣savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide，butthey'llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks．63．Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat

．A．a(chǎn)smallnumberofmeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrendB．theoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattentionC．a(chǎn)nti﹣vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasonsD．informationaboutmeaslesspreadsquickly64．Herdimmunityworkswellwhen

．A．exemptionsareallowedB．severalvaccinesareusedtogetherC．thewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedinD．newregulationsareaddedtothestatelaws65．Whatisthemainreasonforthecomebackofmeasles？

A．Theoveruseofvaccine．B．Thelackofmedicalcare．C．Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself．D．Thevaccineopt﹣outsofsomepeople．66．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage？

A．Tointroducetheideaofexemption．B．Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles．C．Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination．D．Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment．DHollywood'stheorythatmachineswithevil（邪惡）mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly．Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence（AI）maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant．In1960awell﹣knownmathematicianNorbertWiener，whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics（控制論），putitthisway："Ifweuse，toachieveourpurposes，amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere（干預(yù)），wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire．"Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality，onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings：awishtopreserveitsownexistence．Forthemachine，thisqualityisnotin﹣born，norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans；itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead．Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee，itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask．Ifwearenotcareful，then，wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined，superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown，withtherealworldasthechessboard．Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists．Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall，usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld．Unfortunately，thatplanseemsunlikelytowork：wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans，letalonesuperintelligentmachines．SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy．Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines．Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand，asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers．Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams﹣﹣yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans．Otherssaywecanjust"switchthemoff"asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility．StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen．OnSeptember11，1933，famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated，withconfidence，"Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine．"However，onSeptember12，1933，physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron﹣induced（中子誘導(dǎo)）nuclearchainreaction．67．Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay

．A．runoutofhumancontrolB．satisfyhuman'srealdesiresC．commandarmiesofkillerrobotsD．workfasterthanamathematician68．Machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto

．A．preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedBachievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlyC．doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersD．beathumansininternationalchessmatches69．Accordingtosomeresearchers，wecanusefirewallsto

．A．helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetterB．besecureagainstevilhumanbeingsC．keepmachinesfrombeingharmedD．a(chǎn)voidrobots'affectingtheworld70．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines？

A．ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI．B．Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference．C．Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty．D．Itwillstayforadecade．第二節(jié)（共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出正確的填入空白處．選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)．Everyanimalsleeps，butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy．Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep，theydiewithinamonth．（71）

Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories．（72）

We

knowthat，whileawake，freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforeing（加強(qiáng)）connectionsbetweenbraincells，butthe

memoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleep

havebeenunclear．Supportis

growingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons（神經(jīng)元）inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight，makingroomforfreshmemoriestofromthenextday．（73）

Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright．（74）

Thesynapsesinthe

micetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep，showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweaken

whilesleeping．IfTononi′stheoryisright，itwouldexplainwhy，whenwemissanight′ssleep，wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation﹣﹣ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences．Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner．Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize．（75）

"Youkeepwhatmatters，"Tononisays．A．Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore．B．It'sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories．C．Similarly，whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping，theygetsick．D．Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories．E．That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning．F．"Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning，"saysGiulioTononi，whodevelopedtheidea．G．Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections，orsynapses，inthebrainsof12mice．第四部分：書(shū)面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，35分）第一節(jié)（15分）32．（15分）你的英國(guó)朋友Jim所在的學(xué)校要組織學(xué)生來(lái)中國(guó)旅行，有兩條線(xiàn)路可以選擇："長(zhǎng)江之行"或者"泰山之旅"．Jim來(lái)信希望你能給些建議．請(qǐng)你給他回信，內(nèi)容包括：1．你建議的線(xiàn)路；2．你的理由；3．你的祝愿．注意：1．詞數(shù)不少于50；2．開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)．DearJim，Yours，LiHua．第二節(jié)（20分）33．（20分）假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，寫(xiě)一篇英文周記，記錄畢業(yè)前夕你們制作以"感恩母校"為主題的畢業(yè)紀(jì)念視頻的全過(guò)程．注意：詞數(shù)不少于60．提示詞：視頻video2017年普通高等學(xué)校全國(guó)招生統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（北京卷）參考答案第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)．每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置．聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題．每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍．略第二部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分，共15分）從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑．21．【分析】我們班個(gè)子最高的男孩Samuel能夠很容易夠到書(shū)架最上面的書(shū)．【解答】答案：Cmust必須；should應(yīng)該；can能夠；need需要；句中thetallestboyinourclass他個(gè)子最高，說(shuō)明他能夠很容易夠到最上面的書(shū)．故選C．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法是英語(yǔ)中?？嫉恼Z(yǔ)言點(diǎn)．通常考查的方式有虛擬和推測(cè)，本題考查的是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本．學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要注意積累．22．【分析】﹣彼得，請(qǐng)給我們寄賀卡，這樣我們就能知道你到過(guò)那些地方．﹣沒(méi)問(wèn)題．【解答】答案：D祈使句+and/so+陳述句，是常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，表示做某事就會(huì)怎樣；祈使句+or+陳述句，表示做某事否則就怎樣，其它介詞沒(méi)有這樣的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)．故選D．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】并列連詞用來(lái)連接并列句．常用的并列連詞有：表并列關(guān)系的and，neither…nor…，either…or…，aswellas，notonly…butalso…；表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but，yet，however，still，while；表選擇關(guān)系的either…or…，neither…nor…，or，otherwise；表因果關(guān)系的for，therefore，so，學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要加以區(qū)分和掌握．23．【分析】每年，只要做的風(fēng)箏是最漂亮的，都會(huì)獲得風(fēng)箏節(jié)的獎(jiǎng)品．【解答】答案：B根據(jù)句式可知，考查主語(yǔ)從句．句子缺少主語(yǔ)成分，再結(jié)合具體意思，"無(wú)論誰(shuí)做的風(fēng)箏漂亮都會(huì)獲獎(jiǎng)"，確定whoever．該句式等于Anyonewhomakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwina…whomever在句子里不能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)；whatever是無(wú)論什么；whichever是無(wú)論哪一個(gè)都不符合題意．故選B．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考生在答題時(shí)要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，來(lái)判斷所缺成分并結(jié)合具體語(yǔ)境靈活使用．24．【分析】﹣﹣?zhàn)蛱炷阌写螂娫?huà)給那家公司看看他們對(duì)我們產(chǎn)品的看法嗎？﹣﹣有．他們對(duì)于產(chǎn)品很滿(mǎn)意．【解答】答案：A考查時(shí)態(tài)．根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday可以判斷出，本句應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，B選項(xiàng)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；C選項(xiàng)為將來(lái)時(shí)；D選項(xiàng)為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，所以答案選A，一般過(guò)去時(shí)．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】高考題目對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)的考查是重點(diǎn)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)保持一致，時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間是密不可分的，各種時(shí)態(tài)卻要受到時(shí)間和語(yǔ)言環(huán)境的限制，根據(jù)題干提供的時(shí)間或者時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)體現(xiàn)的時(shí)間來(lái)判斷句子的時(shí)態(tài)是最直接的解題方法，扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)法功底加上準(zhǔn)確的理解至關(guān)重要．25．【分析】雖然鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)用羽毛飛行，但它們的一些羽毛是為了其他用途．【解答】答案C．once"一旦"，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句．if"如果"，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句．a(chǎn)lthough"盡管，雖然"，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句．because"因?yàn)?，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句．分析可知前后兩句話(huà)之間是邏輯上的"讓步"關(guān)系，再結(jié)合句子所表達(dá)的意思可知答案選C．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查從屬連詞的用法．連詞的用法辨析，要注意分析主從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，再確定相應(yīng)的連詞，同時(shí)注意不同的連詞的語(yǔ)義及用法區(qū)別．26．【分析】Jane漫無(wú)目的地沿著綠樹(shù)成蔭的街道走著，不知道她該往何方．【解答】答案：B句中shewasheading作knowing的賓語(yǔ)，是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句；前面的aimlessly表示漫無(wú)目的，說(shuō)明的是不知道目的地，要用where來(lái)連接．故選B．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】從屬連詞是連詞的一種，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句和狀語(yǔ)從句．大致可分為三大類(lèi)：that（無(wú)詞義，不做成分）if，whether（表達(dá)是否的意義，但不做句子成分）；連接代詞：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever，whoever，whichever（有詞義，在句子中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)）；連接副詞：when，where，why，how，howmany，howlong，howfar，however，whenever，wherever（有詞義，作從句的狀語(yǔ)）．學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，要注意區(qū)分和掌握．27．【分析】現(xiàn)在很多航班允許乘客在線(xiàn)打印登機(jī)牌，以便節(jié)約他們寶貴的時(shí)間．【解答】答案：C句中Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline是完整的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，后面要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；tosave表示目的，要用動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成目的狀語(yǔ)．故選C．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一種，表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用法較多．常用來(lái)作定語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)等．本題中用來(lái)作目的狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于inorderto"為了"．28．【分析】如果你不理解某事，你可以研究，學(xué)習(xí)，和其他人交談直到你找到答案．【解答】答案C．because"因?yàn)?，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句．though"盡管，雖然"，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句．until"直到"，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句．since意思是"自從…以來(lái)"時(shí)，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；意思是"既然"時(shí)，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句．分析可知前后兩句話(huà)之間是邏輯上的"時(shí)間"關(guān)系，可排除A和B；再結(jié)合句子所表達(dá)的意思"如果你不理解某事，你可以研究，學(xué)習(xí)，和其他人交談直到你找到答案．"可知答案選C．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查從屬連詞的用法．連詞的用法辨析，要注意分析主從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，再確定相應(yīng)的連詞，同時(shí)注意不同的連詞的語(yǔ)義及用法區(qū)別．29．【分析】二十世紀(jì)五十年代在美國(guó)，絕大多數(shù)家庭只有一部電話(huà)，無(wú)線(xiàn)電話(huà)還沒(méi)有發(fā)明出來(lái)．【解答】答案：D句中invent與主語(yǔ)phones構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；invent的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞had之前，是過(guò)去的過(guò)去，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)．故選D．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作對(duì)過(guò)去的某一點(diǎn)造成的某種影響或是結(jié)果，用來(lái)指在另一個(gè)過(guò)去行動(dòng)之前就已經(jīng)完成了的事件．它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是"過(guò)去的過(guò)去"，側(cè)重事情的結(jié)果．30．【分析】國(guó)家公園里有大量的野生動(dòng)物，從蝴蝶到大象都有．【解答】答案：A句中有逗號(hào)分隔，沒(méi)有連詞，要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；range與collection構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，要用表示主動(dòng)的現(xiàn)在分詞來(lái)構(gòu)成；句意表達(dá)的是一般事實(shí)，不是未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，不能用不定式．故選A．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】現(xiàn)在分詞是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種，表達(dá)主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)或完成；動(dòng)詞不定式表達(dá)未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作．學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，要注意區(qū)分和掌握．31．【分析】我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪杏龅降男?wèn)題可能是偉大發(fā)明的靈感．【解答】答案：A考查定語(yǔ)從句．這是一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句．本句中的先行詞是problems，在定語(yǔ)從句wemeetinourdailylives中做賓語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)．where和when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句在從句中做狀語(yǔ)．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句．所以答案選A．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】定語(yǔ)從句又稱(chēng)為形容詞性從句，綜觀歷年高考試題，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)該語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目是測(cè)試中的熱點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)，解定語(yǔ)從句的題目首先要知道哪一句是主句，哪一句是從句，被修飾的詞是誰(shuí)，從句中的句子成分缺失什么，根據(jù)缺失成分的不同從而選出相對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞，從而選出正確的答案，解題的關(guān)鍵是從句句子的成分分析．32．【分析】Jim已經(jīng)退休了，但他仍然記得和他的學(xué)生一起度過(guò)的快樂(lè)時(shí)光．【解答】答案：D句中spend作time的后置定語(yǔ)，要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；句中spend與time構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要用表示被動(dòng)的過(guò)去分詞來(lái)構(gòu)成．故選D．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】過(guò)去分詞是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種，用法很靈活，分為簡(jiǎn)單式done（表示與謂語(yǔ)同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）；完成式havingbeendone（表示先于謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作）．學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，要把握其用法特征：表示被動(dòng)和完成．同時(shí)還要注意區(qū)分現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式．33．【分析】人們現(xiàn)在比過(guò)去有更好的途徑看病，結(jié)果更長(zhǎng)壽．【解答】答案：B分析句意可知，是拿人們看病的途徑現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去進(jìn)行對(duì)比，敘述的是現(xiàn)在的一種客觀情況，故使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)．另外考查固定短語(yǔ)，haveaccessto可接近的，故答案為B．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考生在答題時(shí)要根據(jù)所給語(yǔ)境，仔細(xì)揣摩，體會(huì)句意所暗示的意思．34．【分析】如果新的安全系統(tǒng)被投入使用，這個(gè)事故本就不會(huì)發(fā)生．【解答】答案：A根據(jù)句意可知，考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣．跟過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句用haddone，主句用wouldhavedone，再結(jié)合newsafetysystem是被投入使用，故用hadbeendone，即答案為A．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考生需掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用，尤其是和過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的時(shí)候，要記住固定的句型搭配．35．【分析】許多住在沿海地區(qū)的人靠捕魚(yú)業(yè)謀生．【解答】答案B．a(chǎn)tprep．（表示位置）在；在（某時(shí)間或時(shí)刻）；以，達(dá)；向，朝；inprep．采用（某種方式）；穿著，帶著；（表示位置）在…里面，（表示領(lǐng)域，范圍）在…以?xún)?nèi)；（表示品質(zhì)、能力等）在…之中；onprep．（表示方向）向；（表示對(duì)象）對(duì)；（表示位置）在…上；（表示時(shí)間）在…之時(shí)；byprep．在…旁邊；表示方式；由于；經(jīng)過(guò)．答案應(yīng)該是選B．by也可表示謀生的一中方式，但應(yīng)該是這樣makealivingbyfishing來(lái)表達(dá)．故答案不選D．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】介詞題一直是高考的熱點(diǎn)之一，它注重考查考生結(jié)合語(yǔ)境準(zhǔn)確選用詞語(yǔ)的能力，由于英語(yǔ)詞匯豐富，考生掌握起來(lái)有一定難度，因此平時(shí)應(yīng)注意介詞的積累，理解其含義和用法，再聯(lián)系句子所表述的意思和語(yǔ)境，選出正確答案．第二節(jié)完形填空（每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上講該項(xiàng)涂黑．【分析】本文講述了一位心地善良的小女孩，在兩次目睹忍饑耐寒、無(wú)家可歸的流浪者的悲慘生活后，竭盡所能的給予他們幫助．并在自己的努力和影響下，影響了更多的人．【解答】36﹣40BDCAD

41﹣45BACDC

46﹣50AABCB

51﹣55ADCCD36．B本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析A．跳，B．吃，C．哭，D．揮手．根據(jù)后文themanwashomelessandhungry，可以知道此時(shí)這個(gè)人在垃圾桶撿東西吃，故選B．37．D本題考查形容詞辨析A惱怒的，B緊張的，C恥辱的，D難過(guò)的．根據(jù)后文"Shecouldn'tunderstandwhysomepeoplehadtolivetheirliveswithoutshelterorenoughfood"可知，她的心情是難過(guò)的，同時(shí)在第二段最后一句，有sad近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選D．38．C本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析A表現(xiàn)、舉止，B管理、經(jīng)營(yíng)，C幫助，D工作根據(jù)上文Hannah看到無(wú)家可歸的人感覺(jué)很難過(guò)，所以想要伸出援手，選擇C．39．A本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析A推；B拿著、扛著，C買(mǎi)，D拿著．主語(yǔ)是無(wú)家可歸的女人，賓語(yǔ)是一個(gè)老舊的購(gòu)物車(chē)，所以動(dòng)作為pushing推，故選A．40．D本題考查名詞辨析A貨物，商品，私人物品，不能與inthem搭配；B瓶子，"她的一切都在瓶里"邏輯不通順；C食物，與上文"無(wú)家可歸的人撿垃圾的"人設(shè)不符合；D袋子，邏輯通順，"她的一切東西都在袋子里"．根據(jù)后文everythingthewomenownedwasinthem，them指代上文里手推車(chē)?yán)锒褲M(mǎn)的東西，故選擇D．41．B本題考查形容詞辨析Aexcited激動(dòng)的，Bdetermined堅(jiān)定的，Cenergetic有活力的，Dgrateful感激的．由37空Hannah看到那個(gè)流浪漢后心中感到不安，及后來(lái)她又看到一個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的女人，原文說(shuō)ThismadeHannahverysad．正是這種強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)比，才使得Hannah決心要幫助無(wú)家可歸的人．而且此空前還有evenmore加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，故選B．42．A本題考查連詞辨析．A自從，B除非，C盡管，D當(dāng)．正如，隨著，根據(jù)上文37空Hannah看到那個(gè)流浪漢時(shí)，Hannah無(wú)法理解為什么有人無(wú)家可歸還要餓肚子，Hannahwasverysad．所以此處句意是說(shuō)自從他們遇到了那個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的人，Hannah就一直在和她媽媽討論無(wú)家可歸的人的生活，hadbeentalking指一直在說(shuō)，所以這里表示自從，答案選Asince．43．C本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析A聽(tīng)起來(lái)，B得到，變得，C感覺(jué)，D看起來(lái)．根據(jù)上文，Hannah的感覺(jué)是sad，所以她媽媽告訴她如果她可以做點(diǎn)什么，改變這一切，那么她就不會(huì)感覺(jué)這么糟糕了，此處應(yīng)填"感到"，故選C．44．D本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析A交換，B離開(kāi)、留下，C保持，D傳播．根據(jù)此段第一句的speakout，Hannah開(kāi)始在公開(kāi)場(chǎng)合做些關(guān)于無(wú)家可歸的人的演講，想呼吁人們關(guān)注他們，根據(jù)speakout，可知此空是說(shuō)她希望傳播希望和提升人們的意識(shí)，故選D．45．C本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析

A賣(mài)，B寄送，C主持，舉辦，D打包．根據(jù)此空句子后半句，她會(huì)在午餐期間盡力說(shuō)服當(dāng)?shù)氐钠髽I(yè)家為這一扶貧事業(yè)做出貢獻(xiàn)．所以此空Hannah是舉辦一些"大老板"午餐，這是她舉辦的一種活動(dòng)．所以此題選C．46．A本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析，A做貢獻(xiàn)、出力，B導(dǎo)致，C應(yīng)用，D同意．根據(jù)原文可知，Hannah開(kāi)始賣(mài)飯給當(dāng)?shù)氐拇罄习?，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中她嘗試去說(shuō)服當(dāng)?shù)氐拇笊倘藶閿[脫homelessness出一把力，故選A．47．A本題考查名詞辨析A政治或商業(yè)活動(dòng)，B旅行，C流程，D試驗(yàn)．根據(jù)本空前一個(gè)another，提醒前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò)同類(lèi)型的一個(gè)名詞；而前文提到的與募捐有關(guān)的活動(dòng)，是一個(gè)"零錢(qián)月"，而another后面的另一個(gè)內(nèi)容是"NationalRedScarfDay"，讓人們?cè)诋?dāng)天捐出20美金，同樣也是一個(gè)活動(dòng)，故選A．48．B本題考查形容詞辨析A年長(zhǎng)的，B饑餓的，C孤獨(dú)的，D生病的．根據(jù)上文第一段媽媽的話(huà)中提到"themanwashomelessandhungry"，則和本空相對(duì)應(yīng)，名詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選B．49．C本題考查形容詞辨析A意識(shí)到的，B擔(dān)憂(yōu)的，C驕傲的，D確認(rèn)的．根據(jù)下文的描述，Hannah'sPlace分布在了好幾個(gè)區(qū)域，能夠給流浪者們提供避難以及躲避?chē)?yán)寒的地方，所以Hannah已經(jīng)為很多流浪者提供了幫助，是她感到驕傲的事，故選C．50．B本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析