Unit2Gettingalong語法提升現(xiàn)在完成時（2）考向1

含for或since的現(xiàn)在完成時

要表達某一行為或狀態(tài)從過去某時間一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內），甚至還可能延續(xù)下去，我們也可以借助現(xiàn)在完成時，此時常與“for+時間段”或“since+過去的時間點/從句”連用。

I

have

lived

in

Beijing

for

5

years.我在北京住了5年了。

She

has

worked

at

this

company

for

a

long

time.她在這家公司工作很久了。

I

have

known

him

since

2018.我從2018年就認識他了。

He

has

studied

English

since

he

was

6

years

old.他從6歲就開始學英語了。

含for和含since的現(xiàn)在完成時的句子有時可互相轉換。

我從13年前開始就住在這里。I’ve

lived

here

since

13

years

ago.I’ve

lived

here

for

13

years.It

has

been

13

years

since

I

began

to

live

here.

I

have

stayed

in

the

hotel

for

two

weeks.我已經(jīng)在這個酒店住了兩周了。

→How

long

have

you

stayed

in

the

hotel?你在這個酒店住了多久了？考向2

現(xiàn)在完成時中的謂語動詞

在含有現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句中，與“for+時間段”或“since+過去的時間點或從句”連用的動詞必須為延續(xù)性動詞。延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠持續(xù)的動作，可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用。常見的延續(xù)性動詞有have、live、teach、learn、work、study、know等；常見的非延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）有come、go、leave、start、die、finish、become、join、buy、get

married等。

他加入共青團兩年了。（×）He

has

joined

the

Communist

Youth

League

for

two

years.（√）He

has

been

a

member

of

the

Communist

Youth

League

for

two

years.

這塊手表我買了兩年了。（×）I

have

bought

this

watch

for

two

years.（√）I

have

had

this

watch

for

two

years.

部分非延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）和與之對應的延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）：非延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）becomebeborrowkeepbuyhaveget

upbe

up非延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）fall

asleepbe

asleepmake

friendsbe

friendsfinishbe

overleavebe

away

(from)openbe

open非延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）closebe

closedlosebe

lostdiebe

deadjoinbe

a

member

of/be

inbegin/startbe

oncome/go/arrivebe

in/at非延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）延續(xù)性動詞（詞組）turn

on/offbe

on/offmarry/get

marriedbe

married典例

按要求完成句子，每空一詞。（達州中考）His

brother

joined

the

army

three

years

ago.（改為同義句）His

brother

____

_____

in

the

army

for

three

years.hasbeen[解析]

原句意為“他哥哥三年前參的軍”。根據(jù)“for

three

y