解密10說明文類閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)A組基礎(chǔ)練A組基礎(chǔ)練（2021·全國·八省聯(lián)考）Inmyeverydaylife,Iamonanongoingjourneytofigureoutdifferentwaystoreducemycarbonfootprintontheplanet.Acarbonfootprintisthemeasureofinfluenceouractivitieshaveontheenvironment,inparticularclimatechange.Itiscalculatedbytheamountofgreenhousegasweproduceinourdailylives.Fortunately,nowadaysitismucheasiertomakeecofriendlylifestylechoicesthan,let'ssay,20yearsago.Butonequestionhasbeenonmymindalotlately:isitbettertobuynewecofriendlyproductsorusedtraditionallyproducedgoods?Afterdoingsomeresearch,Ihavedecidedthatsomethingsarebetternewandothersarebetterused.Letmetrytoexplain.Acarbonfootprintismadeupoftwoparts,theprimaryfootprintandthesecondaryfootprint.Theprimaryfootprintisameasureofourdirectemissions(排放)ofcarbondioxide(CO2)fromtheburningoffuels,includinghouseholdenergyconsumptionandtransportation.ThesecondaryfootprintisameasureoftheindirectCO2emissionsfromthewholelifecycleofproductsweusethoserelatedtotheirproductionandbreakdown.Basedonthisunderstanding,wehaveagooddealofcontrolandresponsibilityoverourcarbonfootprint.Thingslikedishes,clothesandfurniturefallintothe“secondaryfootprint”group,solessismoreandwecanfocusonfindingusedgoodstoavoidtheaddedproduction.However,forthecarandtheotherappliances(設(shè)備)thatweneedwecangowithnew,energysavingmodels.Iheardsomewherethatelectronicsandappliancesgiveoff90%oftheircarbonfootprintaftertheyleavethefactory.Soitseemsmostreasonabletogofortheenergysavingmodels.Themainconcernhereistheamountofenergythatgoesintothemakingofnewproductsandwhetherornotthatextracarbonisworththefootprinttheproductwillmakeonceitgetstoyou.1．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Whatappliancestobuytosaveenergy.B．Whatacarbonfootprintmeansinourlife.C．Howtoidentifydifferentcarbonfootprints.D．Howtomakeecofriendlylifestylechoices.2．Whatdoweknowaboutthesecondarycarbonfootprint?A．Itisrelatedtoourconsumptionoffuels.B．Itismadewhenwearebuyingtheproducts.C．Itislessharmfulthantheprimarycarbonfootprint.D．Itiscountedasoursthoughnotdirectlymadebyus.3．Whichofthefollowinghelpsreduceourcarbonfootprintaccordingtotheauthor?A．Usingsecondhandtextbooks. B．Usingoldandexpensivecars.C．Buyingnewbutcheapclothes. D．Buyingnewwoodenfurniture.4．"Thefootprint"underlinedinthelastsentencereferstotheCO2producedin_________.A．usingtheproduct B．recyclingtheproductC．makingtheproduct D．transportingtheproduct（2021·百校聯(lián)盟4月聯(lián)考）ItwouldbeeasytobelievethatMother’sDaywascreatedbyagreetingcardpany.Afterall,thedayiscelebratedwithspecialsalesandbrunches,lotsofpresentsandmassiveadvertisingcampaigns.ButthedaywasactuallyconceivedmorethanacenturyagobyAnnaJarvisofWestVirginiaasawayofhonoringthesacrificesmothersmadefortheirchildren.Jarvis’smother,AnnReevesJarvis,helpedstart“Mothers’DayWorkClubs,”teachingwomenhowtocarefortheirchildren.DuringtheCivilWar,sheorganized“Mothers’FriendshipDay,”wheremothersofUnionandConfederatesoldiersmettotrytopromoteharmony.TheyoungerJarvisWasinspiredbyallthethingshermotherhadacplishedwithhersocialwork.WhenJarviswasyoung,sheoverheardhermotherpraying,“Ihopeandpraythatsomeone,sometime,willfindamemorialmother’sdayhonoringherforthematchlessservicesheofferstohumanityineveryfieldoflife.”Whenhermomdiedin1905,Jarvislookedthroughallthesympathycardsshereceived.Sheunderlinedallthekindwordsthatpraisedhermother,readingthemoverandover.Theoutpouringofkindnessforhermotherinspiredhertocreateadaytohonorallmothers.Thewhitecarnationwashermother’sfavoriteflower,soitbecamethesymbolfortheday.Shesaiditsymbolizedthetruth,purityandcharityofamother’slove.HerideaofcelebratingMother’sDaywaswearingacarnationwhilevisitingyourmotherormaybegoingtochurchtogether.Childrenwerealsoencouragedtowriteletterstotheirmothers,sharingthedepthsoftheirappreciation.ThefirstofficialMother’sDayeventswereheldonMay10.1908,atthechurchwherehermothertaughtSundaySchoolinGrafton,WestVirginia,andattheWanamaker’sdepartmentstoreauditorium（禮堂）inPhiladelphia.Jarvisdidn’tattendtheeventinGrafton,butshesent500whitecarnations.5．Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedword“conceived”inparagraph1?A．Thoughtup B．Figuredout.C．Foundout. D．Believedin.6．WhatdoweknowaboutJarvis’smother?A．ShecreatedMother’sDay. B．Shewasactiveinsocialwork.C．ShejoinedintheAmericanCivilWar. D．ShetaughtJarvishowtocareforchildren.7．HowdidJarvisadvisechildrentocelebrateMother’sDay?A．Prayfortheirmother’shappiness. B．Sendsomeflowerstotheirmothers.C．Writealettertothanktheirmothers. D．Acpanytheirmotherstothecelebration.8．Whichcanbethebesttitleofthistext?A．AMemorableMother B．CarnationandMother’sDayC．TheGreatnessofaMother D．TheFoundingofMother’sDayB組提升練B組提升練（2021·江蘇南京·模擬預(yù)測）Inordertohelpdiscoverspoilageandreducefoodwasteforsupermarketsandconsumers,researchershavedevelopednewlowcost,smartphonelinked,ecofriendlyspoilagesensorsformeatandfishpackaging.OneinthreeUKconsumersthrowawayfoodjustbecauseitreachestheusebydate,but60%ofthe￡12.5billionworthoffoodwethrowawayeachyearissafetoeat.Theresearchers,whosefindingswerepublishedinACSSensors,saythesensorscouldalsoeventuallyreplacetheusebydate—awidelyusedindicatorofbeingfreshandeatable.ThesensorscosttwoUScentseachtomake.Knownas“paperbasedelectricalgassensors(PEGS)”,theydetectspoilagegaseslikeammonia(apoisonousgaswithastrongunpleasantsmell)inmeatandfishproducts.Theinformationprovidedbytheelectronicnoseisreceivedbyasmartphone,andthenyoucanknowwhetherthefoodisfreshandsafetoeat.TheImperialCollegeLondonresearcherswhodevelopedPEGSmadethesensorsbyprintingcarbonelectrodesontoaspecialtypeofpaper.Thematerialsareecofriendlyandharmless,sotheydon’tdamagetheenvironmentandaresafetouseinfoodpackaging.Thesensors,binedwithatinyelectronicsystem,theninformnearbymobiledevices,whichidentifyandunderstandthedataaboutspoilagegases.LeadauthorDrFiratGuderofImperial’sDepartmentofBioengineering,said,“Althoughthey’redesignedtokeepussafe,usebydatescanleadtoeatablefoodbeingthrownaway.Theydon’talwaysreflectitsactualfreshness.Infact,peopleoftengetsickfromfoodbornediseasesduetopoorstorage,evenwhenanitemiswithinitsusebydate.”“Thesesensorsarecheapenoughsowehopetoseesupermarketsusingthemwithinthreeyears.OurgoalistousePEGSinfoodpackagingtoreduceunnecessaryfoodwaste.”TheauthorshopethatPEGScouldhaveapplicationsbeyondfoodprocessing,likesensingchemicalsinagriculture,airquality,anddetectingdiseasemarkersinbreathlikethoseinvolvedinkidneydisease.9．WhatisthefunctionofPEGSaccordingtothetext?A．Toimprovethetasteoffoods. B．Toimprovetheserviceofstores.C．Tohelpsupermarketsstorefoods. D．Tohelppeopletestfoodfreshness.10．WhatroledoesthesmartphoneplaywhilePEGSarefunctioning?A．Itactsasanelectronicnose. B．ItreadsthedatacollectedbyPEGS.C．Ithelpsprintthegassensorsontopaper. D．Itdiscoversthespoilagegasesfromfoods.11．WhatdoesDr.FiratGudersayaboutusebydates?A．Theyarenotpletelyreliable. B．Theycanhelpreducefoodwaste.C．Theyarebasedonscientificresearch. D．Theyarenotacceptedbytheconsumers.12．Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinthetext?A．Theprocessofresearchingspoilagesensors.B．Anewtechnologyinpackagingtoreducefoodwaste.C．Theapplicationofspoilagesensorsbeyondfoodprocessing.D．Theinfluenceofusebydatesonsupermarketsandconsumers.（2021·山東師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三打靶模擬）TANAKAKANEbecamethethirdpersonevertoturn118,accordingtotheGerontologyResearchGroup,ateamofacademics.SheisalsothefirstcitizenofJapantoreach118—butisunlikelytobethelast.Thecountryhastheworld'slongestlifeexpectancy,and80,000peopleagedat100yearsoldorolder.TheunusuallongevityenjoyedinJapaniscreditedtodiet.Japanlargelybannedmeatforl,200years,andstillconsumesrelativelylittlemeatanddairy.Toomuchofthesecanbedamaging,sincetheycontainsaturatedfattyacids(飽和脂肪酸)，whichcorrelatetoheartdisease.Studieshavealsotiedeatinglotsofprocessedredmeattoagreaterriskofstroke.Buttoolittlemaybeunwiseaswell,becausetheyprovidechemicalsubstancethatmaybeneededforourbloodtubewalls.Inastudyof48,000Britons,vegetarianswereunusuallyresistanttoheartdisease,butlikelytosufferfromstrokes.Intheory,alackofanimalbasedfoodcouldhavecontributedtoJapan'shistoricalcerebrovascular(腦血管)deathrate.In19602013,asthecountry'sdeathsfromstrokesreduced,itsannualmeatintakerosefromnearzeroto52kgperperson(45%ofAmerica'slevel).TsuganeShoichirooftheNationalCancerCentreinTokyosaysthathiscitizensmayneedmeatanddairytokeeptheirbloodtubesstrong―thoughnotsomuchthatthosetubesgetblocked.Someevidencesupportsthisview.Onepaperfromthe1990sfoundthatthepartsofJapanwheredietshadchangedmostalsohadthebiggestdropsincerebrovasculardeathrate.Anotherstudy,whichtracked80,000Japanesepeoplein19952009,showedthatstrokesweremostmonamongthosewhoatetheleastchopsandcream.AlthoughJapan'sdeclineincerebrovasculardeathscouldstemfromothercauses,thesedatasuggestthatnutritionalshiftsmayhavehelped.TheunhappyironyisthatJapan'shealthgains,pairedwithalowbirthrate,threatenitseconomy.By2060,40%ofJapanesecouldbe60orolder.Thatwouldproducemorebirthdaycakeswith118candles—andfewergreatgrandchildrentoblowthemout.13．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Toprovideevidence.B．Tointroducethetopic.C．Topromoteanidea.D．Tomakeparison.14．Whatmessageisconveyedinparagraph2?A．Alightheartliveslong.B．Dietcuresmorethandoctors.C．Happinessliesfirstofallinhealth.D．AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.15．Whatdothestudiesinparagraph4show?A．Itisvitaltohavemeatanddairy.B．Itismontosufferfromstrokes.C．Itisbeneficialtochangediethabit.D．Itisimportanttoeatleastcream.16．Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A．Thelessmeatanddairy,thebetter.B．Morecakesandcandlesareneeded.C．Medicaldemandforheartdiseaseismet.D．Longevityandlowbirthrateaffecteconomy.（2021·河南·模擬預(yù)測）Thinkofthelasttimeyoudisagreedwithanotherperson.Maybeyouarguedwithasibling(兄弟；姊妹)overwhattowatchonTV.Orperhapsyoutriedtoconvincegrownupsthaticecreammakesabetterdinnerthanvegetables.Howdidyourdisagreementend?Wereyouabletoseetheissue(爭論的問題)fromtheotherperson’sviewpoint?Inmanysituations,disagreementsareunavoidable.They’repartoflife.Afterall,everyonehasdifferentopinions.Weallhavepastexperiencesthatshapehowweseetheworld.Still,notalldisagreementsarebad.Infact,manypeoplelookatthemasopportunitiestolearn.Theydosobytryingtounderstandwherebothsidesareingfrom.Howcanyouunderstandbothsidesofanissue?Often,it’sbesttostartbyaskingquestions.Questionshelpuslearnabouttheworldaroundus.Therightquestionscanalsohelpuslearnaboutotherpeople.Inadisagreement,askingformoreinformationcanhelpyoulearnaboutaperson’sviewpoint.Itcanalsoleadyoutogathermorefacts.Thiscanpaintabetterpictureoftheentireissue.Whenseekingtounderstandbothsidesofanissue,it’simportanttoknowthedifferencebetweenfactsandopinions.Remember,factsarebasedontrueinfo