Unit5Grammar——Attributiveclause[Leadin]1．Therearemanyreasons_________thishasbeenpossible,butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.2．EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountry_________Chinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.3．ItoldmymumthatIwantedtogiveup,andthatIwouldneverliveinacountry_________Germanwasspoken.4．Ifinallyunderstoodthereason_________mymumhadencouragedmenottogiveup.5．ThenIsawanadvertisementthatofferedawonderfulsummercourse,andthatwastheday_________Idecidedtotakeonanewlanguage.6．Thetime_________IfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.TherelativeclauseintroducedbytherelativeadverbThereferenceandfunctionofrelativeadverbsrelativeadverbantecedentfunctionwhentime時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)whereplace地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)whyreason原因狀語(yǔ)1.關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞應(yīng)是表示時(shí)間的名詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstwenttotheGreatWall.Thedaywhenwegettogetherwillesoon.Wewillneverforgettheyearwhenthe29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijing.[TIP]若時(shí)間名詞后面的定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則改用which或that引導(dǎo)。Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm?(that或which作spent的賓語(yǔ))2．關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞應(yīng)是表示地點(diǎn)或抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Heisnowworkinginthefactorywherehisfatherworked.[TIP]若地點(diǎn)名詞后面的定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則改用which或that。Theschool(which/that)wevisitedyesterdayisnewlybuilt.(關(guān)系代詞which/that在從句中作visited的賓語(yǔ))3．關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞常常為reason，關(guān)系詞在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。Thereasonwhyhesucceededintheexamisthathestudiedveryhard.Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyoudidn'tetohisbirthdayparty?[TIP]reason后的定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞若在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則改用which或that。Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhedidn'tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday.Iwon'tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus.[Practice]對(duì)比填空：that,which,when,where,why(1)Iwillneverforgetthedays________wespenttogether.(2)Iwillneverforgetthedays________westayedtogether.(3)Thereason________heexplainedatthemeetingwasnotsound.(4)Thereason________hewaslatewasthathemissedhistrain.(5)Keepthebookinaplace________youcanfinditeasily.(6)Thisisthehouse________wasbuiltbymygrandfatherfortyyearsago.Therelativepronounactsastheobjectofapreposition關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了使關(guān)系代詞與先行詞的關(guān)系更加緊湊，可以將從句中的介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前，形成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的關(guān)系代詞可用which，whom或whose。1．介詞的選用“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以依據(jù)與從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配、與先行詞的搭配或句子意義來(lái)確定。Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.Thisisthepilotwithwhommyfatherhasworkedfortenyears.[TIP](1)某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”可以同關(guān)系副詞when、where和why互換。Istillrememberthetimewhen(＝inwhich)Iwasincollege.Thisisthehotelwhere(＝inwhich)theystayed.Thisisthereasonwhy(＝forwhich)heleftinahurry.(2)有些“動(dòng)詞＋介詞”短語(yǔ)，如lookfor，lookafter，sendfor，callon，eacross，longfor等，不可拆開(kāi)把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。Thedoctorthatyousentforhasnote.2．關(guān)系代詞的選擇“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞指人時(shí)關(guān)系代詞用whom，不可用who/that；先行詞指物時(shí)關(guān)系代詞用which，不能用that。ThisisthestudentforwhomIboughtabook.ThisistheshipbywhichIwenttoShanghai.3．“名詞/數(shù)詞/代詞等＋介詞of＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。有時(shí)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”前還會(huì)有名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞等，表示部分、整體、數(shù)量等概念。Theriver,thebanksofwhicharecoveredwithtrees,flowstothesea.Hehasthreesons,twoofwhomareteachers.Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothofwhichhavebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.[Practice]單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof__________hasbeenproved.(2)Myputer,without__________Ican'tsurftheInternet,brokedownyesterday.(3)Thegirlto__________youtalkedjustnowisourEnglishteacher.(4)Ihaveabout10books,halfof__________werewrittenbyMoYan.ExerciseⅠ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Thereason__________shechangedhermindisquiteclear.2．Thedays__________theytravelledtogethermeantalottohim.3．Isawahouse,thewindowsof__________werebroken.4．Shehastwosons,bothof__________graduatedfromHarvardUniversity.5．Nobodyknowsthereasonfor__________shedidn'tattendthemeeting.6．Wewentthroughaperiod__________municationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.7．Thechildren,allof__________hadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.8．Wevisitedthecarfactory__________myuncleonceworkedthreeyearsago.9．Thisisthefactory__________Ivisitedlastyear.10．Theoldmanhastwosons,andbothof__________arelawyers.Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．Wesettleddowninasmallvillage.Infrontofthevillageranawindingriver.→Wesettleddowninasmallvillage_______________ranawindingriver.2．Shehasthreesons.Allofhersonsareabroadnow.→Shehasthreesonsand_______________areabroadnow.→Shehasthreesons,_______________areabroadnow.3．Therearesixtystudentsinourclass.Thirtyofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.→Therearesixtystudentsinourclass,_______________aregirls.4．Theschoolliesintheeastofthetown.Heoncestudiedintheschool.→Theschool_______________heoncestudiedliesintheeastofthetown.5．Doyourememberthedays？Onthosedaysweplayedtogether.→Doyourememberthedays_______________weplayedtogether?Ⅲ.補(bǔ)全句子1．Thereason_________________________wasthathewasillinbed.他不能到那里去的原因是他臥病在床。2．Wearelivinginanage____________________