Unit1UsingLanguages習(xí)題檢測一、選用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語補全句子根據(jù)句意，選擇單詞或短語并以其適當(dāng)形式填空。inchargeof,comedown,aboveall,breakout,focuson,comeupwith,haveanimpacton,tracebackto,intheformof,benefitfrom1．Weshall________theneedsofthecustomer.2．Severalofthemembershave________suggestionsoftheirown.3．Theteacher,whohastaughtforover30years,is________theschoolwork.4．Inhowmanywayswillotherpeople________youreffortstoday?5．________,Ihavelearnedthatsmileisthekeytosolvinganyproblem.6．Churchesareoftenbuilt________across.7．Modernfarmingmethodscan________theenvironment.8．Afire________lastnight,whichcausedalotofdamage.9．He________withaseverediseasebecausehewasinfectedwiththevirus.10．Hisfearofsnakes________anexperienceinhischildhood.【答案】1．focuson2．comeupwith3．inchargeof4．benefitfrom5．Aboveall6．intheformof7．haveanimpacton8．brokeout9．camedown10．istracedbackto【解析】1．考查動詞短語。句意：我們將關(guān)注客戶的需求。根據(jù)“theneedsofthecustomer.”可知是關(guān)注客戶需求，focuson表示關(guān)注，shall后用動詞原形。故填focuson。2．考查動詞短語。句意：有幾位委員提出了自己的建議。根據(jù)“suggestionsoftheirown.”可知是提出了自己的建議，comeupwith表示“提出”，have后用過去分詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時。故填comeupwith。3．考查介詞短語。句意：這位老師已經(jīng)教了30多年書，現(xiàn)在負(fù)責(zé)學(xué)校的工作。根據(jù)“theschoolwork.”可知是老師現(xiàn)在負(fù)責(zé)學(xué)校工作，inchargeof表示“負(fù)責(zé)”，作表語。故填inchargeof。4．考查動詞短語。句意：你今天的努力會給別人帶來多少好處？根據(jù)“yourefforts”可知是其他人會受益于你的努力，benefitfrom表示“受益于”，will后用動詞原形。故填benefitfrom。5．考查介詞短語。句意：最重要的是，我學(xué)會了微笑是解決任何問題的關(guān)鍵。根據(jù)“Ihavelearnedthatsmileisthekeytosolvinganyproblem.”可知這是最重要的一點，aboveall表示“最重要的是”，位于句首，首字母大寫。故填A(yù)boveall。6．考查介詞短語。句意：教堂通常是十字形的。根據(jù)“across.”可知這是以十字的形式，intheformof表示“以……形式”。故填intheformof。7．考查動詞短語。句意：現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)方法會對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生影響。根據(jù)“theenvironment.”可知現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)會影響環(huán)境，haveanimpacton表示“對……有影響”，can后用動詞原形。故填haveanimpacton。8．考查動詞短語和時態(tài)。句意：昨晚發(fā)生了一場火災(zāi)，造成了很大的損失。根據(jù)“causedalotofdamage.”可知火災(zāi)爆發(fā)造成大損失，breakout表示“爆發(fā)”，lastnight用一般過去時。故填brokeout。9．考查動詞短語和時態(tài)。句意：因為感染了病毒，他得了一場重病。根據(jù)“becausehewasinfectedwiththevirus.”可知他感染了病毒，用一般過去時，comedownwith表示“染上病”。故填camedown。10．考查動詞短語和時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：他對蛇的恐懼可以追溯到他童年的一次經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)“anexperienceinhischildhood.”可知是追溯到童年，tracebackto表示“追溯”，和主語是被動關(guān)系，表示現(xiàn)在的情況用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填istracedbackto。二、用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子11．Shespokebravely________defenceofthefreedomofspeech.【答案】in【解析】考查介詞。句意：她勇敢地發(fā)言捍衛(wèi)言論自由。indefenceof是固定短語，意為“捍衛(wèi)……”。故填in。12．Thepolicearrivedatthesceneandconcludedthatthedriverwas________fault.【答案】at【解析】考查介詞。句意：警察趕到現(xiàn)場，斷定司機有過錯。atfault是固定短語，意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)負(fù)責(zé)；有過錯”。故填at。13．Icome________withfluandamunabletogotowork.【答案】down【解析】考查動詞短語。句意：我得了流感，不能去上班。comedownwith是固定短語，意為“染上（某病）；患（某?。?。故填down。14．Thepolicechargedthethief________stealingthejewels.【答案】with【解析】考查固定短語。句意：警察指控這個小偷偷竊珠寶。chargesb.withsth./doingsth.是固定短語，意為“指控某人某事/做某事”，因此空格處是with，故填with。15．Theirhelpersare________(gift)withamazingpowersofpatience.【答案】gifted【解析】考查形容詞。句意：他們的助手天生擁有驚人的耐心。根據(jù)句意及所給句子可知，此處使用固定短語begiftedwith“生就”，形容詞gifted作表語。故填gifted。16．________(drive)byasenseofcommitment,agreatmanyjoinedthearmytoresisttheJapaneseinvadersanddefendthehonourofthenation.【答案】Driven【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在使命感的驅(qū)使下，許多人參軍抵抗日本侵略者，捍衛(wèi)國家榮譽。分析句子可知，空處作狀語，邏輯主語agreatmany“許多人”與drive“驅(qū)使”構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞作狀語。故填Driven。17．CharlieChaplinwalkedin,________(follow)byacrowdofphotographers.【答案】followed【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：查理·卓別林走了進來，后面跟著一群攝影師。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知follow與邏輯主語CharlieChaplin構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作狀語。故填followed。18．Theirhomesaresmallanddark,________(furnish)withonlyafewwoodenchairs,atableandafewbeds.【答案】furnished【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他們的家又小又黑，只有幾把木椅、一張桌子和幾張床。句中已有謂語動詞，故空處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞，邏輯主語homes和furnish之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞。故填furnished。19．Once,________(invite)todinneratauniversity,hewasputonthespotwhenthepresidentsuddenlyaskedhimtogiveaspeech.【答案】invited/havingbeeninvited【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：有一次，他被邀請去一所大學(xué)吃晚飯，當(dāng)校長突然要求他發(fā)表演講時，他非常難堪。分析句子可知，句中有謂語動詞“wasputonthespot”，故空格處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞，“he”和“invite”為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用“invite”的過去分詞“invited”作狀語，當(dāng)強調(diào)“invite”的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前時，應(yīng)用“havingbeendone”作狀語，故空格處也可填“havingbeeninvited”。故填invited或havingbeeninvited。20．Thepresidentappeared,_________(accompany)bysixstrongbodyguards.【答案】accompanied【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：總統(tǒng)在六名強壯的保鏢的陪同下出現(xiàn)了。根據(jù)中文提示可知，表示“陪同”應(yīng)用動詞accompany，再分析句子可知，此空應(yīng)填非謂語，Thepresident和accompany為被動關(guān)系，由句意可知，這里應(yīng)用過去分詞作狀語。故填accompanied。三、閱讀理解A(2022全國乙卷)Canasmallgroupofdrones(無人機)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakesurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.21．Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A．Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines. B．Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C．Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones. D．Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.22．Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A．Personnelsafety. B．Assistancefromdrones.C．Inspectionandrepair. D．Constructionofinfrastructure.23．Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A．Toprovideearlywarning. B．Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C．Toearnprofitsforthecrews. D．Toacceleratetransportation.24．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDrones.B．HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpanded.C．WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFace.D．HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways.【答案】21．A22．C23．A24．D【解析】本文是一篇說明文。應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”的技術(shù)，無人機能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時又能幫助鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元。21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.(無人機已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線。他們完全可以做同樣的事情來檢查鐵路線路和鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的其他重要方面，如鐵路軌道和換乘點的正確位置)”可推知，使用無人機檢查電力線使無人機應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能。故選A。22．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(據(jù)統(tǒng)計，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護上的花費就約為200億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)”可知花在maintenance上的費用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure（檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”，由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護鐵路人員安全，畫線詞和C項：Inspectionandrepair(檢修)含義相近。故選C。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.(帶有先進傳感器和人工智能的非常小的無人機可以像副駕駛一樣在火車前面行駛。憑借他們的預(yù)見能力，他們可以發(fā)出任何問題的信號，以便快速行駛的火車能夠及時做出反應(yīng))”可知，對于無人機期待的功能是提前發(fā)現(xiàn)問題。故選A。24．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Canasmallgroupofdrones(無人機)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakesurethatthemillionsofkilometersofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.(一小群無人機能否在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時，幫助鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元？這很可能是應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”技術(shù)的未來，以確保全球數(shù)百萬公里的鐵路軌道和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施全天候安全運行。)”以及后文第二段講到了使用無人機檢查電力線路使無人機應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能;第三段講到了使用無人機大幅節(jié)省維護成本和更好地保護鐵路人員安全；第四段講到了通過使用最新的技術(shù)，無人機還可以開始為鐵路提供更高的價值，可知文章主要講述了無人機將如何改變鐵路的未來，所以D項“無人機將如何改變鐵路的未來。”符合文章中心思想，適合作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。B(2022年高考英語浙江卷（1月）)TheUnitedStatesrosetoglobalpoweronthestrengthofitstechnology,andthelifebloodthattechnologyhaslongbeenelectricity.Byprovidinglong-distancecommunicationandenergy,electricitycreatedthemodemworld.Yetproperlyunderstood,theageofelectricityismerelythesecondstageintheageofsteam,whichbeganacenturyearlier.“Itiscuriousthatnoonehasputtogetherahistoryofboththesteamandelectricrevolutions.”writesMauryKleininhisbookThePowerMakers,Steam,Electricity,andtheMenInventedModernAmerica.Klein,anotedhistorianoftechnology,spinsanarrativesolivelythatattimesitreadslikeanovel.Thestorybeginsinthelastyearsofthe18thcenturyinScotland,whereWattperfected“themachinethatchangedtheworld”.Kleinwrites,“Americadidnotinventthesteamengine,butoncetheygraspeditspasswordstheyputittomoreusesthananyoneelse.”Meanwhile,overthecourseof19thcentury,electricitywentfrommerecuriositytoabasicnecessity.Morseinventedacodeforsendingmessagesoveranelectromagneticcircuit.Bellthengavethetelegraphavoice.EdisonperfectedanincandescentbullsthatbroughtelectriclightintotheAmericanhome.Mostimportantly,Edisonrealizedthatsuccessdependedonmasselectrification,whichheshowedinNewYorkCity.WithhelpfromTesla,Westinghouse'sfirmdevelopedasystemusingalternatingcurrent,whichsoonbecamethemajorformsofpowerdelivery.Toframehisstory,KleincreatesthecharacterofNed,afictionalwitnesstotheprogressbroughtaboutbythesteamsandelectricrevolutionsinAmericaduringoneman'slifetime.It’satechniquethathelpsturnalongnarrativeintoaninterestingone.25．WhatisKlein'sunderstandingoftheageofelectricity?A．Itiscloselylinkedtothesteamage.B．Itbeganearlierthanproperthought.C．Itisalittle-studiedperiodofhistory.D．Itwillcometoanendsoonerorlater.26．WhatcanbeinferredaboutNed?A．HewasborninNewYorkCity. B．Hewrotemanyincreasingstories,C．Hecreatedanelectricitycompany. D．Helivedmainlyinthe19thcentury.27．Whatisthetext?A．Abiography. B．Abookreview. C．Ashortstory. D．Asciencereport.【答案】25．A26．D27．B【解析】本文是說明文。文章按照時間順序講述了蒸汽時代和電力時代的聯(lián)系。25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Itiscuriousthatnoonehasputtogetherahistoryofboththesteamandelectricrevolutions.”（我很好奇，竟然沒有人把蒸汽和電力革命的歷史放在一起。）可知，在Klein看來，電力時代和蒸汽時代是有很緊密的聯(lián)系的。故選A。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Toframehisstory,KleincreatesthecharacterofNed,afictionalwitnesstotheprogressbroughtaboutbythesteamsandelectricrevolutionsinAmericaduringoneman'slifetime.”（為了編織他的故事，Klein創(chuàng)造了一個人物Ned，它是對美國蒸汽和電力革命在一個人的整個人生中的進程的神奇的見證。）和第四段“Meanwhile,overthecourseof19thcentury,electricitywentfrommerecuriositytoabasicnecessity.”（同時，在19世紀(jì)，電力從好奇變成了根需。）可知，Ned見證了蒸汽時代和電力革命，所以他應(yīng)該是生活在19世紀(jì)。故選D。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Toframehisstory,KleincreatesthecharacterofNed,afictionalwitnesstotheprogressbroughtaboutbythesteamsandelectricrevolutionsinAmericaduringoneman'slifetime.It'satechniquethathelpsturnalongnarrativeintoaninterestingone.”（為了構(gòu)建他的故事，克萊因創(chuàng)造了奈德這個角色，一個虛構(gòu)的人物，在一個人的一生中見證了蒸汽和電力革命給美國帶來的進步。這是一種有助于將長篇故事變得有趣的技巧。）可知，這篇文章是一篇書評。故選B。四、語法填空(2023四川樂山第三次調(diào)研)Fiveoutstandingresearchersreceivedthisyear’sL’Oreal-UNESCOForWomeninScienceAwardataceremonyinParis,France28Fridayeveningfortheirpioneeringresearchinthelifesciences.Oneofthe29(receive)wasChineseancientvertebrates(脊椎動物)scientistZhangMiman.82-year-oldZhang,also30(know)asMeemannChang,isapalaeontologist(古生物學(xué)家)attheInstituteofVertebratePalaeontologyandPalaeoanthropology(IVPP).Manyspecies,suchastheextinctfishMeemannia,havebeennamedinhonorofher.In2016,Zhang31(give)theRomer-SimpsonLifetimeAchievementAward,32isthehighestprizeinvertebratepalaeontology.“Shewasappointedforherpioneeringworkonfossil(化石)records33(lead)toaclearunderstandingofhowoceanicvertebratesadaptedtolifeonland.”UNESCOsaidinastatement.Zhangisthe34(five)Chinesefemalescientisttowintheaward.Theotherfourwinners35(be)fromSouthAfrica,theUK,ArgentinaandCanada.As36resultofapartnership