Unit1UsingLanguages習(xí)題檢測(cè)一、選用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語(yǔ)補(bǔ)全句子根據(jù)句意，選擇單詞或短語(yǔ)并以其適當(dāng)形式填空。inchargeof,comedown,aboveall,breakout,focuson,comeupwith,haveanimpacton,tracebackto,intheformof,benefitfrom1．Weshall________theneedsofthecustomer.2．Severalofthemembershave________suggestionsoftheirown.3．Theteacher,whohastaughtforover30years,is________theschoolwork.4．Inhowmanywayswillotherpeople________youreffortstoday?5．________,Ihavelearnedthatsmileisthekeytosolvinganyproblem.6．Churchesareoftenbuilt________across.7．Modernfarmingmethodscan________theenvironment.8．Afire________lastnight,whichcausedalotofdamage.9．He________withaseverediseasebecausehewasinfectedwiththevirus.10．Hisfearofsnakes________anexperienceinhischildhood.【答案】1．focuson2．comeupwith3．inchargeof4．benefitfrom5．Aboveall6．intheformof7．haveanimpacton8．brokeout9．camedown10．istracedbackto【解析】1．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：我們將關(guān)注客戶(hù)的需求。根據(jù)“theneedsofthecustomer.”可知是關(guān)注客戶(hù)需求，focuson表示關(guān)注，shall后用動(dòng)詞原形。故填focuson。2．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：有幾位委員提出了自己的建議。根據(jù)“suggestionsoftheirown.”可知是提出了自己的建議，comeupwith表示“提出”，have后用過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填comeupwith。3．考查介詞短語(yǔ)。句意：這位老師已經(jīng)教了30多年書(shū)，現(xiàn)在負(fù)責(zé)學(xué)校的工作。根據(jù)“theschoolwork.”可知是老師現(xiàn)在負(fù)責(zé)學(xué)校工作，inchargeof表示“負(fù)責(zé)”，作表語(yǔ)。故填inchargeof。4．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：你今天的努力會(huì)給別人帶來(lái)多少好處？根據(jù)“yourefforts”可知是其他人會(huì)受益于你的努力，benefitfrom表示“受益于”，will后用動(dòng)詞原形。故填benefitfrom。5．考查介詞短語(yǔ)。句意：最重要的是，我學(xué)會(huì)了微笑是解決任何問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵。根據(jù)“Ihavelearnedthatsmileisthekeytosolvinganyproblem.”可知這是最重要的一點(diǎn)，aboveall表示“最重要的是”，位于句首，首字母大寫(xiě)。故填A(yù)boveall。6．考查介詞短語(yǔ)。句意：教堂通常是十字形的。根據(jù)“across.”可知這是以十字的形式，intheformof表示“以……形式”。故填intheformof。7．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)方法會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生影響。根據(jù)“theenvironment.”可知現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)會(huì)影響環(huán)境，haveanimpacton表示“對(duì)……有影響”，can后用動(dòng)詞原形。故填haveanimpacton。8．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：昨晚發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)火災(zāi)，造成了很大的損失。根據(jù)“causedalotofdamage.”可知火災(zāi)爆發(fā)造成大損失，breakout表示“爆發(fā)”，lastnight用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填brokeout。9．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：因?yàn)楦腥玖瞬《?，他得了一?chǎng)重病。根據(jù)“becausehewasinfectedwiththevirus.”可知他感染了病毒，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，comedownwith表示“染上病”。故填camedown。10．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：他對(duì)蛇的恐懼可以追溯到他童年的一次經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)“anexperienceinhischildhood.”可知是追溯到童年，tracebackto表示“追溯”，和主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示現(xiàn)在的情況用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填istracedbackto。二、用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子11．Shespokebravely________defenceofthefreedomofspeech.【答案】in【解析】考查介詞。句意：她勇敢地發(fā)言捍衛(wèi)言論自由。indefenceof是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“捍衛(wèi)……”。故填in。12．Thepolicearrivedatthesceneandconcludedthatthedriverwas________fault.【答案】at【解析】考查介詞。句意：警察趕到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，斷定司機(jī)有過(guò)錯(cuò)。atfault是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)負(fù)責(zé)；有過(guò)錯(cuò)”。故填at。13．Icome________withfluandamunabletogotowork.【答案】down【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：我得了流感，不能去上班。comedownwith是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“染上（某?。?；患（某病）”。故填down。14．Thepolicechargedthethief________stealingthejewels.【答案】with【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：警察指控這個(gè)小偷偷竊珠寶。chargesb.withsth./doingsth.是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“指控某人某事/做某事”，因此空格處是with，故填with。15．Theirhelpersare________(gift)withamazingpowersofpatience.【答案】gifted【解析】考查形容詞。句意：他們的助手天生擁有驚人的耐心。根據(jù)句意及所給句子可知，此處使用固定短語(yǔ)begiftedwith“生就”，形容詞gifted作表語(yǔ)。故填gifted。16．________(drive)byasenseofcommitment,agreatmanyjoinedthearmytoresisttheJapaneseinvadersanddefendthehonourofthenation.【答案】Driven【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在使命感的驅(qū)使下，許多人參軍抵抗日本侵略者，捍衛(wèi)國(guó)家榮譽(yù)。分析句子可知，空處作狀語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)agreatmany“許多人”與drive“驅(qū)使”構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填Driven。17．CharlieChaplinwalkedin,________(follow)byacrowdofphotographers.【答案】followed【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：查理·卓別林走了進(jìn)來(lái)，后面跟著一群攝影師。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知follow與邏輯主語(yǔ)CharlieChaplin構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填followed。18．Theirhomesaresmallanddark,________(furnish)withonlyafewwoodenchairs,atableandafewbeds.【答案】furnished【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他們的家又小又黑，只有幾把木椅、一張桌子和幾張床。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，邏輯主語(yǔ)homes和furnish之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞。故填furnished。19．Once,________(invite)todinneratauniversity,hewasputonthespotwhenthepresidentsuddenlyaskedhimtogiveaspeech.【答案】invited/havingbeeninvited【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：有一次，他被邀請(qǐng)去一所大學(xué)吃晚飯，當(dāng)校長(zhǎng)突然要求他發(fā)表演講時(shí)，他非常難堪。分析句子可知，句中有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“wasputonthespot”，故空格處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，“he”和“invite”為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用“invite”的過(guò)去分詞“invited”作狀語(yǔ)，當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)“invite”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，應(yīng)用“havingbeendone”作狀語(yǔ)，故空格處也可填“havingbeeninvited”。故填invited或havingbeeninvited。20．Thepresidentappeared,_________(accompany)bysixstrongbodyguards.【答案】accompanied【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：總統(tǒng)在六名強(qiáng)壯的保鏢的陪同下出現(xiàn)了。根據(jù)中文提示可知，表示“陪同”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞accompany，再分析句子可知，此空應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)，Thepresident和accompany為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，由句意可知，這里應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填accompanied。三、閱讀理解A(2022全國(guó)乙卷)Canasmallgroupofdrones(無(wú)人機(jī))guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakesurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.21．Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A．Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines. B．Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C．Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones. D．Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.22．Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A．Personnelsafety. B．Assistancefromdrones.C．Inspectionandrepair. D．Constructionofinfrastructure.23．Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A．Toprovideearlywarning. B．Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C．Toearnprofitsforthecrews. D．Toacceleratetransportation.24．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDrones.B．HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpanded.C．WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFace.D．HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways.【答案】21．A22．C23．A24．D【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”的技術(shù)，無(wú)人機(jī)能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時(shí)又能幫助鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元。21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.(無(wú)人機(jī)已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線(xiàn)。他們完全可以做同樣的事情來(lái)檢查鐵路線(xiàn)路和鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的其他重要方面，如鐵路軌道和換乘點(diǎn)的正確位置)”可推知，使用無(wú)人機(jī)檢查電力線(xiàn)使無(wú)人機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路線(xiàn)路成為可能。故選A。22．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護(hù)上的花費(fèi)就約為200億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)”可知花在maintenance上的費(fèi)用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure（檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”，由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全，畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞和C項(xiàng)：Inspectionandrepair(檢修)含義相近。故選C。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.(帶有先進(jìn)傳感器和人工智能的非常小的無(wú)人機(jī)可以像副駕駛一樣在火車(chē)前面行駛。憑借他們的預(yù)見(jiàn)能力，他們可以發(fā)出任何問(wèn)題的信號(hào)，以便快速行駛的火車(chē)能夠及時(shí)做出反應(yīng))”可知，對(duì)于無(wú)人機(jī)期待的功能是提前發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。故選A。24．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Canasmallgroupofdrones(無(wú)人機(jī))guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakesurethatthemillionsofkilometersofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.(一小群無(wú)人機(jī)能否在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時(shí)，幫助鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元？這很可能是應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”技術(shù)的未來(lái)，以確保全球數(shù)百萬(wàn)公里的鐵路軌道和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施全天候安全運(yùn)行。)”以及后文第二段講到了使用無(wú)人機(jī)檢查電力線(xiàn)路使無(wú)人機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路線(xiàn)路成為可能;第三段講到了使用無(wú)人機(jī)大幅節(jié)省維護(hù)成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全；第四段講到了通過(guò)使用最新的技術(shù)，無(wú)人機(jī)還可以開(kāi)始為鐵路提供更高的價(jià)值，可知文章主要講述了無(wú)人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來(lái)，所以D項(xiàng)“無(wú)人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來(lái)?！狈衔恼轮行乃枷?，適合作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。B(2022年高考英語(yǔ)浙江卷（1月）)TheUnitedStatesrosetoglobalpoweronthestrengthofitstechnology,andthelifebloodthattechnologyhaslongbeenelectricity.Byprovidinglong-distancecommunicationandenergy,electricitycreatedthemodemworld.Yetproperlyunderstood,theageofelectricityismerelythesecondstageintheageofsteam,whichbeganacenturyearlier.“Itiscuriousthatnoonehasputtogetherahistoryofboththesteamandelectricrevolutions.”writesMauryKleininhisbookThePowerMakers,Steam,Electricity,andtheMenInventedModernAmerica.Klein,anotedhistorianoftechnology,spinsanarrativesolivelythatattimesitreadslikeanovel.Thestorybeginsinthelastyearsofthe18thcenturyinScotland,whereWattperfected“themachinethatchangedtheworld”.Kleinwrites,“Americadidnotinventthesteamengine,butoncetheygraspeditspasswordstheyputittomoreusesthananyoneelse.”Meanwhile,overthecourseof19thcentury,electricitywentfrommerecuriositytoabasicnecessity.Morseinventedacodeforsendingmessagesoveranelectromagneticcircuit.Bellthengavethetelegraphavoice.EdisonperfectedanincandescentbullsthatbroughtelectriclightintotheAmericanhome.Mostimportantly,Edisonrealizedthatsuccessdependedonmasselectrification,whichheshowedinNewYorkCity.WithhelpfromTesla,Westinghouse'sfirmdevelopedasystemusingalternatingcurrent,whichsoonbecamethemajorformsofpowerdelivery.Toframehisstory,KleincreatesthecharacterofNed,afictionalwitnesstotheprogressbroughtaboutbythesteamsandelectricrevolutionsinAmericaduringoneman'slifetime.It’satechniquethathelpsturnalongnarrativeintoaninterestingone.25．WhatisKlein'sunderstandingoftheageofelectricity?A．Itiscloselylinkedtothesteamage.B．Itbeganearlierthanproperthought.C．Itisalittle-studiedperiodofhistory.D．Itwillcometoanendsoonerorlater.26．WhatcanbeinferredaboutNed?A．HewasborninNewYorkCity. B．Hewrotemanyincreasingstories,C．Hecreatedanelectricitycompany. D．Helivedmainlyinthe19thcentury.27．Whatisthetext?A．Abiography. B．Abookreview. C．Ashortstory. D．Asciencereport.【答案】25．A26．D27．B【解析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章按照時(shí)間順序講述了蒸汽時(shí)代和電力時(shí)代的聯(lián)系。25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Itiscuriousthatnoonehasputtogetherahistoryofboththesteamandelectricrevolutions.”（我很好奇，竟然沒(méi)有人把蒸汽和電力革命的歷史放在一起。）可知，在Klein看來(lái)，電力時(shí)代和蒸汽時(shí)代是有很緊密的聯(lián)系的。故選A。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Toframehisstory,KleincreatesthecharacterofNed,afictionalwitnesstotheprogressbroughtaboutbythesteamsandelectricrevolutionsinAmericaduringoneman'slifetime.”（為了編織他的故事，Klein創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)人物Ned，它是對(duì)美國(guó)蒸汽和電力革命在一個(gè)人的整個(gè)人生中的進(jìn)程的神奇的見(jiàn)證。）和第四段“Meanwhile,overthecourseof19thcentury,electricitywentfrommerecuriositytoabasicnecessity.”（同時(shí)，在19世紀(jì)，電力從好奇變成了根需。）可知，Ned見(jiàn)證了蒸汽時(shí)代和電力革命，所以他應(yīng)該是生活在19世紀(jì)。故選D。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Toframehisstory,KleincreatesthecharacterofNed,afictionalwitnesstotheprogressbroughtaboutbythesteamsandelectricrevolutionsinAmericaduringoneman'slifetime.It'satechniquethathelpsturnalongnarrativeintoaninterestingone.”（為了構(gòu)建他的故事，克萊因創(chuàng)造了奈德這個(gè)角色，一個(gè)虛構(gòu)的人物，在一個(gè)人的一生中見(jiàn)證了蒸汽和電力革命給美國(guó)帶來(lái)的進(jìn)步。這是一種有助于將長(zhǎng)篇故事變得有趣的技巧。）可知，這篇文章是一篇書(shū)評(píng)。故選B。四、語(yǔ)法填空(2023四川樂(lè)山第三次調(diào)研)Fiveoutstandingresearchersreceivedthisyear’sL’Oreal-UNESCOForWomeninScienceAwardataceremonyinParis,France28Fridayeveningfortheirpioneeringresearchinthelifesciences.Oneofthe29(receive)wasChineseancientvertebrates(脊椎動(dòng)物)scientistZhangMiman.82-year-oldZhang,also30(know)asMeemannChang,isapalaeontologist(古生物學(xué)家)attheInstituteofVertebratePalaeontologyandPalaeoanthropology(IVPP).Manyspecies,suchastheextinctfishMeemannia,havebeennamedinhonorofher.In2016,Zhang31(give)theRomer-SimpsonLifetimeAchievementAward,32isthehighestprizeinvertebratepalaeontology.“Shewasappointedforherpioneeringworkonfossil(化石)records33(lead)toaclearunderstandingofhowoceanicvertebratesadaptedtolifeonland.”UNESCOsaidinastatement.Zhangisthe34(five)Chinesefemalescientisttowintheaward.Theotherfourwinners35(be)fromSouthAfrica,theUK,ArgentinaandCanada.As36resultofapartnership