Introduction·

Asaleadingcauseofprematuredeathglobally,cancerremainsanimportant

areaforcontinuedinvestmentinscreeningandearlydiagnosis,accesstocare,andnoveltreatmentmodalitieswithimprovedclinicalbenefits.Asaresult,

theinnovationecosystemthatdiscovers,develops,anddeliversbreakthroughtherapiescontinuestooperatenearpeaklevelsandtreatmentindeveloped

countriesisshiftingtowardnewermodalities.However,theseshiftsmayfurtherexacerbatedisparitiesinaccesstocancercareinlow-andmiddle-income

countriesandacrossdemographicgroups.

Ourresearchprofilesthecurrentstateofresearchanddevelopmentinoncology,includingkeymechanisms,targets,andcancertypesbeinginvestigatedas

wellaspointingtosomenovelareaswhichareonlyjustemerging.Wealsolookatmetricsofclinical

developmentproductivity.

Asmorenovelcancermedicinesarelaunched,patientaccessanduseofthosedrugsvarywidelyaroundtheworld.Trendsintheuseofnovelmechanismsin

specificcancertypesarereportedhereandintendedtoprovideanevidencebasethatencourages

stakeholderdiscussion.

Finally,thecostsassociatedwithtreatingmorepatientsforlongerandwithmoreadvancedtherapiesisbringingstresstohealthcarebudgets,evenasthebroader

adoptionofbiosimilarsprovidessomereliefandwill

playanimportantroleintheyearstocome.Howthesespendingdynamicswillplayoutoverthenextfiveyearsgloballyisalsoexaminedinthisreport.

Thisstudywasproducedindependentlybythe

IQVIAInstituteforHumanDataScienceasapublic

service,withoutindustryorgovernmentfunding.ThecontributionstothisreportofSrinidhiBC,Saksham

Bhardwaj,TanyaBhardwaj,MichaelBrave,JinChen,

BryceDavies,JuliaKern,RajiNair,BhagyashreeSitaramNawar,UrvashiPorwal,CarolinaRicarte,andmany

othersatIQVIAaregratefullyacknowledged.

FindOutMore

IfyouwishtoreceivefuturereportsfromtheIQVIA

InstituteforHumanDataScienceorjoinourmailinglist,visit.

MURRAYAITKEN

ExecutiveDirector

IQVIAInstituteforHumanDataScience

REFERENCINGTHISREPORT

Pleaseusethisformatwhenreferencingcontentfromthisreport:

Source:IQVIAInstituteforHumanDataScience.GlobalOncologyTrends2025:AdoptingNewTherapiesasModalitiesShiftandExpendituresRise.May2025.Availablefrom

?2025IQVIAanditsaffiliates.Allreproductionrights,quotations,broadcasting,publicationsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedor

transmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopy,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutexpresswrittenconsentofIQVIAandtheIQVIAInstitute.

GlobalOncologyTrends2025:AdoptingNewTherapiesasModalitiesShiftandExpendituresRise

TableofContents

Overview2

Oncologyresearchanddevelopmentactivities4

Oncologyclinicaldevelopmentproductivity23

Launchesofnovelactivesubstancesinoncology33

Cancerpatientaccessanduseofscientificadvances50

Spendingononcologymedicines63

Appendix71

Notesonsources73

Methodologies75

References76

Abouttheauthors78

AbouttheInstitute80

2|GlobalOncologyTrends2025:AdoptingNewTherapiesasModalitiesShiftandExpendituresRise

Overview

ONCOLOGYRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTACTIVITIES

Oncologytrialsstartsincreasedslightlyin2024to2,162,followingdeclinesafterapeakin2021.Trialstartsare

up12%from2019andprimarilyfocusedonrarecancersandsolidtumors.Pre-commercialemergingbiopharmacompaniesareresponsiblefor53%ofoncologytrials,

upfrom24%adecadeagoandcommercialemerging

biopharmacompaniesaccountforanadditional8%

oftrials.China-headquarteredcompaniesarenow

responsiblefor39%ofoncologytrials,upfromonly5%adecadeago,andnotablyChinesecompaniesrun84%oftheirtrialsdomestically.

Noveloncologymodalities,especiallycellandgene

therapies,antibody-drugconjugates(ADCs),and

multispecificantibodies,showsignificantpromisefor

cancertreatmentandaccountedfor35%ofoncology

trialsin2024.TrialsinvolvingPD-1/PD-L1inhibitors

havedeclined16%since2019,thoughstudiesforthesemodalitieswithsitesonlyinChinahaveincreased

50%.CART-celltherapytrialstartshavedeclined15%

fromthepeakin2022,withmostbeinginvestigated

forhematologicalcancersbutincreasinglylookedat

acrossarangeofsolidtumors.NineADCshavebeen

approvedgloballyoverthelastfiveyears,andtrialstartshaveincreasedonaverage32%annually,representingthefastestgrowingareaofresearchinsolidtumors.

Fourteenbispecificantibodiesaremarketedfortreatingcancerandmultispecificantibodytrialshavemorethantripledsince2019,drivenbysolidtumors.Radioligandtherapiesarebeingtestedacrossarangeoftumors,

thoughprimarilyprostateandneuroendocrine,and

trialstartsharetripledinthelastfiveyears.Thesenovelmodalitiesarecontinuingtoevolvewithsignificant

potentialasmonotherapiesandincombinationwithothernovelmodalities.Developmentofthesenoveltreatmentsisbeingacceleratedbyregulatoryandindustryinitiatives,includingtheuseofartificial

intelligencetoadvancenewtherapies.

ONCOLOGYCLINICALDEVELOPMENTPRODUCTIVITY

Thecompositesuccessrateforoncologyprograms–a

groupoftrialsforaspecificindication–rosefrom4%

in2023to7%in2024.Incontrasttoothertherapeutic

areas,oncologytrialcomplexitydecreasedby9%

between2019and2024,mainlydrivenbyreductionsinsiteandcountryfootprints.Thetotalnumberofoncologytrialsitesuseddeclinedfromthepeakof61,000seenin2021butisexpectedtobestableatover45,000in2024.Thetotalnumberofsubjectsenrolledinoncologyclinicaltrialsincreasedby10%between2023and2024,reaching306,000,nearinghistoriclevelsseenin2021

Oncologyenrollmenttimelinesremainchallenging,withmediandurationsconsistentlyover30monthssince

2020,althoughathree-monthdecreasewasobserved

between2023and2024.Between-trialintervalsforthe

averageoncologydevelopmentprogramhaveincreasedbythree-to-fourmonthseachyearsince2022butremainlowerthanthoseseenoutsideofoncology.Combiningprogram-levelandtriallevelmetrics,theoverall

productivityofoncologyclinicaldevelopmentimprovedby51%since2019butremainslowerthantheaverageobservedacrossalldiseaseareascombined.

LAUNCHESOFNOVELACTIVESUBSTANCESINONCOLOGY

Twenty-fiveoncologynovelactivesubstances(NAS)

werelaunchedgloballyin2024,andtheaveragenumberofnewlaunchesannuallyfrom2020–2024was26

comparedtoanaverageof16inthefiveyearsprior.

Atotalof132oncologyNAShavelaunchedgloballyinthepastfiveyearsand282over20yearswithlarge

geographicvariations,includinganotableaccelerationinlaunchesinChinasince2019.Since2020,31oncologyNASlaunchedintheU.S.arenotavailableinEurope,

whileoneEuropeanNASisnotavailableintheU.S.

Inthepastdecade,therewere150NASapprovalsintheU.S.andanadditional384labelexpansions,over

twoperdrug.Since2015,55NAShavebeenlaunchedtotreathematologicalcancersand99NAStotreatsolidtumorswithsomeapprovedformultipleindications.

Breast,lung,andnon-Hodgkin’slymphomaNAShadasignificantnumberofadditionalapprovalsfollowinginitialNASapproval,frequentlyexpansionsofeligiblepatientpopulationswithinthesametumor.Emergingbiopharmacompaniesoriginated14ofthe16new

oncologydrugsintheU.S.in2024and10ofthesewerealsolaunchedbyanemergingbiopharmacompany.

Despitethesignificantnumberofnewmedicines,healthtechnologyassessmentsperformedinmajorEuropeanmarketsindicatelittleaddedbenefitformostnew

oncologymedicines,andHTAbodiesareincreasinglyindicatinglittletonoaddedbenefitinassessmentspublishedoverthelast10years.

CANCERPATIENTACCESSANDUSEOFSCIENTIFICADVANCES

Theglobalnumberofoncologydaysoftherapyhas

increasedby3%annuallysince2019.Whiletargeted

treatmentoptionsrepresentedjust12%ofvolumein

2024,thesetypesoftreatmenthaveseenthehighestgrowthoverthelastfiveyears,increasing36%asmorepatientsreceivethesetherapies.Arangeofnovel

targetedoncologymedicineshavedemonstrated

significantclinicalvalueinthelastdecade,butaccessandusecanvarygreatlyacrosscountries.Biomarker

testingplaysanimportantroleincancerpatients

receivingthebesttargetedtreatmentfortheirtumorprofile,andtheaveragenumberofpatientstestedforbiomarkershasincreased,thoughdifferencesintestingexistacrossgeographies.

ThepercapitauseofPD-1/PD-L1inhibitorshasrisenrapidlyinmanyhigh-incomecountries,asPD-1/PD-L1inhibitorusehasshiftedtopre-metastaticcancers,

earlierlinesoftherapy,anduseacrosstumors.Useofantibody-drugconjugatesvariesacrossdevelopedcountriesbuthasbeengrowingdrivenbyexpansions

ineligiblepatientpopulationsandnewlaunches.

Treatmentofwomen’scancers,prostatecancer,and

multiplemyelomahasadvancedinrecentyearsasnovelmodalitiesbecomemorewidelyadoptedandimproveoutcomesforpatients.Useofcellandgenetherapies,particularlyCART-celltherapies,fortreatingcancer

continuestogrowthoughhealthsystembarriersstillexistthatcanlimitpatientaccesstothesepromisingtreatmentoptions.

SPENDINGONONCOLOGYMEDICINES

Cancermedicinespendingatlistpricesroseto$252Bngloballyin2024andisexpectedtoreach$441Bnby2029withgrowthratesslowingoverthenextfiveyearslargelyfromtheimpactsofsmallmoleculeandbiologiclossesofexclusivity.Growthacrossregionswillvaryoverthenext5yearswiththehighestgrowthinPharmerging

countries,wheremorepatientsaregettingaccessto

therapy.Double-digitspendinggrowthisforecasted

forsevenofthetop10tumors,allareaswithsignificantnumbersofbreakthroughnewmedicines,though

biosimilarcompetitionforPD-1/PD-L1inhibitorswillslowgrowthacrossmanyofthesetumorsin2028and2029.

Novelmodalitieswillcontributesignificantlytospendinggrowththrough2029.GlobalspendingonADCsand

bispecificantibodiesinoncologyiscurrentlymodest

butwillgrowsignificantlythrough2029,drivenbynewlaunches,expansiontonewindications,andusein

earlierlinesoftherapy.Theoutlookforcellandgene

therapiesinoncologyincludessignificantuncertainty

ofclinicalandcommercialsuccess,withthepotentialtogrowfromthecurrent$5Bninglobalspendingto$14Bnby2029.

|3

4|GlobalOncologyTrends2025:AdoptingNewTherapiesasModalitiesShiftandExpendituresRise

Oncologyresearchanddevelopmentactivities

?Oncologytrialsstartsincreasedslightlyin2024to

2,162,followingdeclinesafterapeakin2021,and

areup12%fromthenumberoftrialsstartedin2019,primarilyfocusedonrarecancersandsolidtumors.

?Pre-commercialemergingbiopharmacompaniesareresponsiblefor53%ofoncologytrials,upfrom24%adecadeagoandcommercialemergingbiopharmacompaniesaccountforanadditional8%oftrials.

?OncologytrialsfromChina-headquarteredcompanieshaverisento39%oftotalstarts,upfromonly5%a

decadeago,andChinesecompaniesrun84%oftheirtrialsdomestically.

?Noveloncologymodalities,especiallycellandgenetherapies,antibody-drugconjugates(ADCs),andmultispecificantibodies,nowaccountfor35%ofoncologytrials.

?GlobalPD-1/PD-L1inhibitortrialstartshavedeclined16%since2019,thoughChina-onlystudieshave

increased50%.

?HematologicalcancercellandgenetrialsarefocusedonCART,whileothercell-basedimmunotherapies,primarilyT-cellreceptor(TCR)andtumor-infiltratinglymphocyte(TIL)celltherapies,arebeingtestedinsolidtumors.

?CARTtrialstartshavedeclined15%fromthepeakin2022andarestilllargelyfocusedonhematologicalcancers.

?NineADCshavebeenapprovedgloballyoverthelast

5years,andtrialstartshaveincreasedonaverage32%annually,representingthefastestgrowing

modalityinsolidtumors.

?Fourteenbispecificantibodiesaremarketedfor

treatingcancerandmultispecificantibodytrialshavemorethantripledsince2019.

?Radioligandtherapiesarebeingtestedacrossarangeoftumors,thoughprimarilyprostateandneuroendocrine.

?Multiplenovelmodalitiesareevolvingrapidlywithsignificantpotentialbothaloneandincombinationwitheachother,asregulatorsandindustrysponsorsareextendingboundariesaroundcancerdrug

developmenttoacceleratenewtreatmentoptionstopatients.

?Nearly20oncologytrialsoriginatingfromAIresearchcompanieshavebeenstartedannuallysince2022.

?RepresentationofBlack/AfricanAmericanandHispanicpatientsincancertrialsislowerthanincidencerates

whilemortalityratesarehigher,andtherehasbeenlimitedprogresssince2019.

?Cancerprevalenceisequallysplitbysex/genderbut

trialsinthepastfiveyearsareskewedtomale-focusedtumors,and46%ofoncologytrialshavefemales

under-representedbymorethan5%comparedto21%formales.

|5

ONCOLOGYRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTACTIVITIES

Oncologytrialstartshaveincreased12%overthelast5years,primarilyfocusedonrarecancersandsolidtumors

Exhibit1:Oncologyclinicaltrialstartsbyyear,2015–2024

OncologyOncologynon-rareOncologyrare

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

2015

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

201820212024

2015201820212024

Hematologicalmalignancies

2015201820212024

2015201820212024

Solidtumors

2015201820212024

PhaseI

Source:CitelineTrialtrove,Jan2025;IQVIAInstitute,Apr2025.

PhaseII

PhaseIII

?Oncologytrialsrepresentasignificantportion(41%)ofallclinicaltrials1and,afterreachinghistoriclevelsin

2021,declinedthrough2023andreboundedslightlyto2,162in2024,up12%fromthenumberoftrialsstartedin2019andup58%overthelastdecade.

?PhaseIItrials,includingPhaseI/II,IIaandIIb,representthelargestshareoftrials,with48%ofoncologytrialsstartedin2024beingPhaseIIcomparedto38%PhaseIand14%PhaseIII.

?Mostoncologytrialsarefocusedonrarecancers,with74%oftrialstartsin2024evaluatingmedicinesforrarecancers,growingby3%comparedto2023.

?Seventy-ninepercentofoncologytrialsstartedin2024aretestingdrugsagainstsolidtumors,up1%over2023.

?Althoughasmallshareoftrialsareaddressing

hematologicalcancers,thenumberoftrialsrose

30%overthelast10years,withmorethan450trialsinvestigatingdrugsfortreatmentofhematologicalcancersstartedin2024.

Notes:PhaseIIincludesphasesI/II,II,IIa,IIb.PhaseIIIincludesphaseII/IIIandIII.Terminatedtrialsareincludedtotracktheactivityinvolvedwiththeir

initiation,partialexecutionandtermination.Trialswereindustrysponsored,interventionaltrialsanddevicetrialswereexcluded.——

ONCOLOGYRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTACTIVITIES

6|GlobalOncologyTrends2025:Adoptingnewtherapiesasmodalitiesshiftandexpendituresrise

Pre-commercialemergingbiopharmacompaniesareresponsiblefor53%ofoncologytrials,upfrom24%adecadeago

Exhibit2:Shareofoncologytrialstartsbycompanysegment,2015–2024

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

2015201620172018201920202021202220232024

.Pre-commercialEBPCommercialEBP.Large.MidSmall

Source:CitelineTrialtrove,Jan2025;IQVIAInstitute,Apr2025.

?Pre-commercialemergingbiopharmacompanies–

thosewithR&Dspendlessthan$200Mnperyearandnomarketedproductrevenue–nowmakeup53%ofoncologytrialactivity,morethandoubletheirshareadecadeago,andcommercialemergingbiopharmacompanies–thosewithR&Dspendlessthan$200Mnperyearandproductrevenuelessthan$500Mnperyear–accountforanadditional8%oftrialactivity.

?Pre-commercialcompanygainshavelargelycome

aslargercompanyshareoftrialactivityhasdroppedandemergingbiopharmacompaniesareincreasinglylaunchingtheirownproductsratherthanpartneringwithalargercompany(Exhibit35).

?Largecompanies–thosewithgreaterthan$10Bnperyearinrevenue–haveseentheirshareoftrialsdropfrom60%in2015to28%in2024asatrendcontinuesoflargercompaniesacquiringassetslaterinadrug’sdevelopmentandbeingresponsibleforlessofthe

trialactivity.

?Smallcompanies–withrevenueabove$500Mnandupto$5Bnhaveseentheirshareoftrialsrisefrom4%to9%in10years,whilemid-sizedcompanies–withsalesfrom$5to$10Bn–haveseentheirsharefallfrom4%to2%.

Notes:Trialsareindustry-sponsored,interventionaltrialsphaseI,II,andIII.Terminatedtrialsareincludedtotracktheactivityinvolvedwiththeirinitiation,partialexecutionandtermination.Companysegmentwhentwoormorecompaniesareinvolvedisdeterminedbythelargersalessegment.Emerging

biopharmacompanies(EBP)arethosewitheitherR&Dspendlessthan$200Mnorglobalsalesupto$500Mnperyear.Pre-commercialEBPhavenosales.

Smallcompanieshaveglobalsalesbetween$500millionand$5Bnperyear.Mid-sizedcompanieshaveglobalsalesbetween$5Bnand$10Bnperyear.Largecompanieshaveglobalsalesexceeding$10Bnperyear.

ONCOLOGYRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTACTIVITIES

|7

OncologytrialsfromChina-headquarteredcompanieshaverisento39%oftotalstarts,upfromonly5%adecadeago

Exhibit3:Numberandshareofoncologytrialstartsbycompanyheadquarterslocation,2009–2024

50%

3,000

42%

45%

39%

41%

37%

2,500

40%

39%

37%

35%

2,000

32%

30%

25%

1,500

25%

24%

20%

20%

1,000

11%

2%

15%

11%

8%

2%

10%

4%

1%

5%

1%

500

5%

2%

0

0%

20092014201920242009201420192024

.U.S.霎China.EuropeJapan霎SouthKoreaAllothers

Source:CitelineTrialtrove,Jan2025;IQVIAInstitute,Apr2025.

?Asoncologyresearchanddevelopmentactivityhasincreased,thegeographicfootprintofcompanies

involvedinthisactivityhasexpandedoutsidetheU.S.andEurope.

?TheU.S.shareofoncologytrialshasfallen5%since2019,withU.S.-headquarteredcompaniesaccountingfor32%oftrialsstartedin2024.

?Europe’ssharedeclinedto20%in2024,downfrom

25%fiveyearsago,whiletheabsolutenumberoftrialsstartedbyEuropeancompaniesdecreased14%over

thesameperiod.

?CompaniesheadquarteredinJapanhaveseena

decliningshareofoncologytrials,droppingto4%in2024,downfrom8%fiveyearsagoanda45%dropinthenumberoftrials.

?TrialsstartedbyChina-headquarteredcompanies

nowrepresent39%ofoncologytrials,upfrom

24%fiveyearsagoand2%in2009andsurpassing

U.S.andEuropeancompanies.TrialsrunbyChina-

headquarteredcompanieshaveseensignificant

growthinthelastdecade,highlightingtheimportantrolethatcompaniesheadquarteredtherewillplayinthedevelopmentofnewproductsglobally.

?SouthKorea’sshareofoncologytrialshasremainedlowandrelativelystable.

Notes:Trialsareindustry-sponsored,interventionaltrialsphaseI,II,andIII.Terminatedtrialsareincludedtotracktheactivityinvolvedwiththeirinitiation,partialexecutionandtermination.Eachcompanyinvolvedinatrialiscountedindividually,sotrialswithmorethanonecompanyinvolvedarecountedmorethanonceandmaybeincludedinmorethanoneregion.EuropeisdefinedasanycountryincontinentalEurope.

ONCOLOGYRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTACTIVITIES

8|GlobalOncologyTrends2025:AdoptingNewTherapiesasModalitiesShiftandExpendituresRise

Chinesecompaniesrun84%oftheirtrialsdomesticallyandsponsor39%ofglobaloncologytrials,upfrom6%in2015

Exhibit4:China-headquarteredcompaniesoncologytrialsbysitelocationandshareofoncologytrials,2015–2024

1,000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

#ofoncologytrialsbyChinaHQcompanies

bycountrysitelocation

896

918

870

61

68

885

73

81

89

50

79

59

646

54

513

45

57

383

41

39

31

239

181

27

27

21

98

80

11

7

9

303

437

535766

145

741

745

757

191

2015201620172018201920202021202220232024

China-onlysitesChinaandex-ChinasitesSitesalloutsideChina

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

84%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

ChinaHQcompanyshareofoncologytrials

70%

65%63%61%61%

76%

81%

94%

89%88%

30%

35%37%39%39%

24%

19%

6%

11%12%

2015201620172018201920202021202220232024

ChinaHQOthercountryHQ

Source:CitelineTrialtrove,Jan2025;IQVIAInstitute,Apr2025.

?SponsorswithaChineseheadquartersstarted896oncologytrialsin2024,upslightlyfromthe870in2023,andbroadlymaintainingthenumberoverthepastfouryears,contributingtothe39%ofoncologytrialsstartedgloballybythesecompanies.

?MostChina-headquarteredcompanytrialactivityhasbeenfortrialswhichonlyhavesitesinChina,accountingfor84%oftrialsin2024.

?InternationaltrialsincludingChinasiteswere6%ofChina-HQsponsoredtrialsin2024,similartothe

10-yearaverageof7%.

?TrialsconductedinternationallyentirelyoutsideChinawereanother10%of2024trialsforthesecompanies.

?MostChinesecompanieshaveonlyhadtrialstartswithsitesinChina,whilesomeoftheinternationaltrials

includenon-Chinesepartners.

?ThehighvolumeofChinesecompanysingle-countrytrialsresultsinChinabeingoneofthetopcountriesgloballyforsingle-countrytrials(Exhibit22).

?ManyoftheseChina-onlystudiesareearlierphase,

enabledbyalargepopulationofoftentreatment-na?vepatients.

?Laterphasestudiesaremoreoftenconducted

internationallywithaninfluenceonultimatedrugapprovalinacountryiftrialswereconducted

there.China-onlystudiesinlate-phasehavealowerprobabilityhistoricallyofthosemedicinesreachinginternationalmarkets,thoughthesepatternscouldultimatelychange.

Notes:Includesinterventional,industrysponsoredtrialswhichareinPhaseItoPhaseIII.TrialshavebeenanalyzedfortheinclusionofsitesinChina

comparedtoanyothercountries.Eachcompanyinvolvedinatrialiscountedindividually,withproductswithmorethanonecompanyinvolvedcountedmorethanoncewhenreflectingtheirsponsorsheadquartergeography.Sponsorswithnoheadquartercountryreported(<1%oftrials)havebeenexcluded.

ONCOLOGYRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTACTIVITIES

|9

Novelmodalities,especiallycellandgenetherapies,ADCsandmultispecificsreached35%oftotaloncologytrialsin2024

Exhibit5:Oncologyclinicaltrialstartsbyprimarytesteddrugtype,2015–2024

2,000

1,800

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

Solidtumorcancers

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

32%

Hematologicalcancers

Shareoftotaloncology

2024:35%

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

43%

CellandgenetherapyMultispecificantibodyAntibody-drug

conjugate

PD-1/PD-L1inhibitorOtherbiotech

Smallmoleculekinaseinhibitor

Othersmallmolecule

Source:CitelineTrialtrove,Jan2025;IQVIAInstitute,Feb2025.

?Oncologyresearchanddevelopmenthasseenan

increasingfocusontargeteddrugswithinnovativemechanismsofactionfortreatmentofcancersoverthelastdecade.

?Trialsforhematologicalcancersgrew2%in2024,whileclinicaldevelopmentactivityforsolidtumorcancers

grew1%in2024,thethirdyearofrelativelystableactivityafterapeakin2021.

?PD-1/PD-L1checkpointinhibitors,whichsaw

significantgrowthoverthelastdecade,havebeguntotaperoffinrecentyears,indicatingacrowded

marketandshiftingofresearchactivitytoevennewertargetedmolecules.

?Multispecificantibodydevelopmentforcancer

treatmenthasgrownsignificantly,nowrepresenting

10%ofsolidtumorand14%ofhematologicalcancertrials,indicatinganincreasingfocusontheabilityofthesemoleculestoactonmultipletargetsorthroughdifferentmechanismsofaction.

?Antibody-drugconjugates,whichallowfortargetingcytotoxicagentsdirectlyto