unit1Art動(dòng)詞不定式作表語LearningAims★ToenabletheSstomastertheusageoftheinfinitiveoftheverbasthepredicative.★ToenabletheSstousetherelevantgrammarflexiblyandcorrectlyintherealsituation.類別主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進(jìn)行式tobedoing完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing動(dòng)詞不定式形式--------動(dòng)詞不定式的形式變化1.不定式的一般式(to+動(dòng)詞原形)——?jiǎng)幼魍ǔＥc謂語表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。Heappearstobeveryhappy.Tocatchthetrain,we’dbetterhurrytothestationbytaxi.(同時(shí)發(fā)生)(tocatchthetrain發(fā)生在hurrytothestation之后)動(dòng)詞不定式的形式變化2.不定式的進(jìn)行式（tobe+doing)表示正在進(jìn)行或與謂語表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

IthappenedtoberainingwhenIgotthere.我到達(dá)那里的時(shí)候，碰巧在下雨。3.不定式的完成式(tohave+done)不定式的完成式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。

I’msorrytohavelostyourkey.我很抱歉把你的鑰匙弄丟了。動(dòng)詞不定式的形式變化4.不定式的完成進(jìn)行式（tohavebeen+doing)不定式的完成進(jìn)行式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生并且一直持續(xù)，并且仍在進(jìn)行。

HewassaidtohavebeenlivinginLondonfortwentyyears.據(jù)說他在倫敦一直住了20年。動(dòng)詞不定式的形式變化5.不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是這個(gè)不定式表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式。不定式的被動(dòng)形式根據(jù)其與謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系，有一般式和完成式兩種。(1)一般式(tobedone)Thesearethebookstobegivenouttothestudents.這些是要發(fā)給學(xué)生的書。(2)完成式(tohavebeendone)Thenovelissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.據(jù)說這部小說已被譯成多種語言Theymustlearntorecognisebadhabitsearlyandmakeappropriatechanges.Wemakeachoicetodosomething,andthenwerepeatitoverandoveragain.Therewardmakesusmuchmorelikelytocontinuethehabitcycle.Tofacilitateapositivechangeinourbadhabits,wemustfirstexamineourbadhabitcyclesandthentrytoadaptthem.Forexample,whenwecometoanescalator(cue),ournormalroutineis

torideit.Toreachthegoalofchange,apersonmustshowsomedisciplineandrepeatedlytakemanysmallsteps.object賓語attribute定語complement補(bǔ)足語adverbial狀語object賓語predicative表語adverbial狀語動(dòng)詞不定式可以在句中作______、______、______、______、______、________的成分。主語賓語表語定語狀語補(bǔ)足語Discuss1Perhapsthebest______tounderstandWesternartistolookatthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.2DuringtheMiddleAges,the_________ofWesternartwastoteachpeopleaboutChristianity.3Inthiswork,Monet's_____wastoconveythelightandmovementinthescene…4________________________wasnolongershowreality,butinsteadtoaskthequestion,“Whatisart?”waypurposeaimWhattheyattemptedtodo句子中，動(dòng)詞不定式都是作

，表示具體的事情或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事情。表語動(dòng)詞不定式作表語1.主語通常是

suggestion,advice,proposal,aim,goal,purpose,plan,ambition,idea,intention,way,dream,duty,task,wish,hope等表示意向、打算、計(jì)劃的詞，一般用不定式作表語說明主語的內(nèi)容。有時(shí)根據(jù)表達(dá)的需要，在作表語的不定式前，添加疑問代詞/副詞，包括what,who,how,when,where等,構(gòu)成“疑問詞+todo”作表語。例如：Theproblemwashowtobegin.Her

wish

is

to

be

a

teacher.Thedutyofsoldiersistodefendtheircountry.2.What引導(dǎo)的從句作主語，常用不定式作表語說明主語的內(nèi)容。WhatIsuggestistoaskyourfriendsandteachersforhelp.Whathewantsistosolvetheproblem.Whatmatters/countsmostistoconcentrateonyourfavouritethings.1.Allhewanted

was_______________.他只想一個(gè)人待著。2.TheleastIcandotohelpis________________.

我所能幫的最起碼的事是借給她一輛車。3.當(dāng)主語包含定語從句且其先行詞為代詞_____或者主語被___________________或形容詞________修飾時(shí)，其后可接todo作表語，表示主語內(nèi)容。only,first,one,least最高級(jí)alltobeleftalonetolendheracarSeveralproblemsremaintobesettled.5.動(dòng)詞不定式直接用在系動(dòng)詞seem,appear,remain,prove,turnout等之后，如：We

are

to

meet

at

the

station

at

there.(表約定）Howarewetoconvincehim?（表可能性）YouaretocomewhenIcall.（表命令）4.用于表達(dá)想法，約定，義務(wù)，命令，可能性，命運(yùn)等。如：6.動(dòng)詞不定式在表語中表示

___。Thenextstepistomakesurethatyouknowexactlywhatisrequired.

目的將來預(yù)計(jì)主動(dòng)7.動(dòng)詞不定式在表語中表示

和

。Idon’tknowwhatistohappentousifwegoonlikethis

?Thebestitemontheprogramisstilltocome.8.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語時(shí)，可用

形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Whoistoblameforthefire.

Somethingisstilltofindout.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語和v-ing作表語的區(qū)別動(dòng)詞不定式和v-ing作表語時(shí)，要注意與句子的主語在形式上保持一致，若句子的主語為v-ing，則表語也應(yīng)使用v-ing；

若主語為動(dòng)詞不定式，則表語也應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式。Toseeistobelieve.=Seeingisbelieving.動(dòng)詞不定式和v-ing作表語時(shí)可換用，但以下情況除外:當(dāng)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的是某一特定的行為，尤其是將來的行為或有待于實(shí)現(xiàn)的行為時(shí)，通常用動(dòng)詞不定式作表語。Herbestwishistoputhernewideasintopractice.若動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的并不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，而是表示主語的內(nèi)容，則通常用v-ing作表語。Myfavoritesportisswimming.WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作表語省略to的情況動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)作表語時(shí)，一般不定式符to不能省略,但以下情況下可省略：1.all作主語其后的定語從句有do的某種形式時(shí)：

Allweneedtodoisliveeachdaywithhope.2.what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時(shí)，從句中含有do的某種形式時(shí)：

WhatIwanttodoistakeaholidayrightaway.3.主語被only，first，one，least或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾，其后的定語從句或短語中有do的某種形式時(shí)：

Intheeveningtheonlythinghedidwasreadthenewspaper.Prectice1.Myaimis______(go)toTsingHuaUniversity.2.Youknow，mygoalis___________(lose)150poundsinthecomingyear.3.Theyare___________(marry)nextweek.4.Idon’tknowwhatis____________(happen)tousifwegoonlikethis.togotomarrytoworktobeheldtolosetoblametoadmit安排、計(jì)劃將來、即將toreturn結(jié)果5.Sheis_____________(return)homefromAmericanextmonth.6.Theactivityis_______________(hold)nextweek.7.Frommystandpoint,itallseems_____________(work)verywell.8.Theboywas_____________(blame)forwhathehaddone.9.Tokeepsilentis______________(admit)yourmistake.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語時(shí)，可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。sbbetoblame某人應(yīng)受責(zé)備Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.tohappen1.（全國(guó)Ⅲ卷完形填空改編）WhenIwas13,myonlypurposewas________(become)thestaronourfootballteam.

2.ThefirstthingIdoeverymorningis____