北京市朝陽區(qū)高三年級第二學(xué)期質(zhì)量檢測一

英語

（考試時(shí)間90分鐘滿分100分）

本試卷共10頁。考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。

第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在

答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

IgraspedasandwichasItr沁dtofinishmyworkduringlunch.Mycompany,likemanycompanies,

hadIcostsbynotreplacingpeopleastheyleft.Thesurvivorshadiotakeup（hework.Formeandmyco-

workers.thismeantnolunchhour.Iwantedtoquit,butgiventheeconomy,itwashardtofindanotherjob.Ifeh

2.Thenaconversationwithasix-year-okigirlchangedmy3.

Theyounggirlwasstandinginlinewithhermomatthesupermarket.

"Gooddayalschool?''Iasked.

Anod.

'"What'syourfavoritesubjcct?^^

“Lunch.”

Ismiled.Thathadbeenmy4too.Atlunch,Icouldtalkwithmyfriends,drawpicturesorplaygames.

Therewerenoadultstotellmewhatlodo.Thetimewasmine.

Butwhathappenedtolunch（imenew?

IknewIwasentitledtoalunchbreakatwork.SoIdecidedto5it.Ourofficewaslocatedinthe

downtownandIsetoutto6thearea.Afewblocksawaywasanartmuseumwithfreeadmission.Atthe

endofanotherstreet.Iwassurprisedtodiscoversonichorseseatinggrassinafield.

At（hebeginningofmytoursduringlunch,Ireceivedsome7staresfrommyco-workers,butIchose

toignorethem.Infact.Iwatchedinamazementthatsomeofthemstartedto8theirworkduringlunch.

9.westartedinvitingeachotheroutforwalksanddiscoveredwehadothertopicsofconversationbeyond

thecommoncomplaintsaboutwork.

I'mstilllookingfbranewposition,butwithlessanxietythanbefore.Ifwccan'tchangeour1（）.we

canchangeourattitude.

I.A.countedB.cutC.paidD.raised

2.A.trappedB.fearfulC.shockedD.hurt

3.A.workB.wayC.viewD.plan

4.A.decisionB.explanationC.secretD.answer

5.A.takeB.makeC.findD.stop

6.A.exploreB.measureC.developD.identify

7.A.innocentB.determinedC.sympatheticD.unpleasant

8A.carryonB.takeoverC.putasideD.gothrough

9.A.GenerallyB.GraduallyC.AccidentallyD.Obviously

10.A.strategiesB.circumstancesC.responsibilitiesD.principles

【答案】I.B2.A3.C4.D5.A6.A7.D8.C9.B10.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者疲于工作，邊午飯邊工作，又想辭職，但是考慮到經(jīng)濟(jì)情況，很難找到

工作。后來和一個(gè)女孩的談話改變了看法，認(rèn)為午飯時(shí)間就應(yīng)該是自己的時(shí)間。逐漸調(diào)整了心態(tài)：不能改

變環(huán)境，但可以改變對待生活的態(tài)度C

【1題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：和許多公司一樣，我的公司為了削減成本，沒有在員工離職時(shí)補(bǔ)人。A.counted

數(shù)數(shù)；B.cut削減:C.paid支付:D.raised籌集。根據(jù)本句中“bynotreplacingpeopleastheyleft”可知，

此舉是為了削減成本。故選B°

【2題詳解】

考查動(dòng)形容詞義辨析。句意:我感覺被困住了。A.trapped受困的:B.fearftil害怕的:C.shocked震驚的;

D.hurt受傷的。根據(jù)前文1wantedtoquit,butgiventheeconomy,itwashardtofindanotherjob.M可知，作

者想辭職，但是考慮到經(jīng)濟(jì)情況，很難找到工作，這是進(jìn)退兩難的困境。故選A。

【3題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：后來和一個(gè)六歲女孩的談話改變了我的看法。A.work工作：B.way方法：C.

view觀點(diǎn)：D.plan計(jì)劃。根據(jù)后文"Ifwecan*changeour,wecanchangeourattitude.”可知，作

者的觀點(diǎn)發(fā)生了變化：不能改變環(huán)境，但可以改變對待生活的態(tài)度。故選C。

【4題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這也是我的回答。A.decision決定：B.explanation解釋：C.secret秘密：D.

answer回答。根據(jù)前文“IgraspedasandwichasItriedtofinishmyworkduringlunch.”和“"What'syour

favoritesubject?'"'Lunch."“以及后文14Atlunch.Icouldtalkwithmyfriends,drawpicturesorplaygames.

Therewerenoadultstotellmewhattodo.Thetimewasmine."可知,作者因?yàn)楣ぷ飨萑肜Ь常坏貌贿呂顼?/p>

邊工作，小女孩的回答解決了他的困擾，同時(shí)是也作者的內(nèi)心所想，認(rèn)為午飯時(shí)間就應(yīng)該是自己的時(shí)間。

故選D。

【5題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：所以我決定接受它。A.lake接受;B.make制作：C.find找到：D.slop停止。

根據(jù)前文uIknewIwasentitledtoalunchbreakatwork.M以及前后的因果關(guān)系可知,作者知道自己有權(quán)在

工作時(shí)間享用午餐，作者準(zhǔn)備接受并享用這項(xiàng)權(quán)利。故選A。

【6題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的辦公室位于市中心，我開始探索這個(gè)地區(qū)。A.explore探索：B.measure

衡量；C.develop發(fā)展：D.identify確認(rèn)。根據(jù)后文"Afewblocksawa>wasananmuseumwi【hfree

admission.Attheendofanotherstreet,Iwassurprisedtodiscoversomehorseseatinggrassinafield.“可知，作

者在這個(gè)區(qū)域探索發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己之前未曾注意的生活。故選A。

【7題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在午餐時(shí)間開始觀光時(shí)，同事們對我投來了一些不愉快的目光，但我選擇忽

略它們。A.innocent無辜的:B.determined下定決心的;C.sympathetic同情的；D.unpleasant令人不愉快

的。根據(jù)本句中“bullchoseioignoreihem”可知，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，同事們對作者投來了一些不愉快的

目光，但是作者選擇忽視。故選D。

【8題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，我驚訝地看到他們中的一些人開始在午餐時(shí)間把工作放在一邊。A.

carryon繼續(xù)：B.takeover接管；C.putaside把...放在一邊：D.gothrough經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)后文"westarted

invitingeachotheroutforwalksanddiscoveredwehadothertopicsofconversationbeyondthecommon

complaintsaboulwork.”作者和同事出去散步，除了對工作的常見抱怨，我們還有其他話題可以聊，可以

推知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)同事中的一些人開始在午餐時(shí)間把工作放在一邊。故選C。

【9題詳解】

考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：漸漸地，我們開始邀請對方出去散步，并發(fā)現(xiàn)除了對工作的常見抱怨之外，我

們還右,其他話題可以聊。A.Generally籠統(tǒng)地：B.Gradually逐漸地：C.Accidentally偶然地；D.Obviously

明顯地。根據(jù)前文"Infact,Iwatchedinamazementthatsomeofthemstartedtotheirworkduring

lunch."以及后文"westartedinvitingeachotheroutibrwalksanddiscoveredwehadothertopicsof

conversationbeyondthecommoncomplaintsaboutwork"可知，作者和同事們一開始在午餐時(shí)間把工作放在

一邊，然后開始邀請對方出去散步，聊天。前后為時(shí)間上的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。故選B.

【10題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我們不能改變環(huán)境，我們可以改變我們的態(tài)度。A.sirategies策略；B.

circumstances環(huán)境:C.responsibilities責(zé)任：D.principles原則。根據(jù)前文"Iwantedtoquit,butgiventhe

economy,itwashard(ofindanotherjob.Ifek和"OurofficewaslocatedinthedowntownandIset

outtoihearea.”可知，作者想辭職，但是考慮到經(jīng)濟(jì)情況，很難找到工作，但是作者通過探索

生活，午飯時(shí)間休息不工作，逐漸調(diào)整自己的心態(tài)：不能改變環(huán)境，我們可以改變態(tài)度。故選B。

第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)

A

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處

用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

MysonZacksufferedfromautism(自閉癥)whenhewastwo.Watchingamovietogetherwasanimporant

routineforus.Onanordinaryspringday,wewereenjoyingoneofhisfavoritemoviesthathe11(see)

manytimesbefore.Itookhishandasusual.Suddenlyhestoodupandwrappedhisarmsaroundmeinabigbear

hug.Youcouldimagine12excitedIwas.Althoughitwasjustahug,itmeantalottome,13(fill)

mewithgreatjoy.

(答案]11.hadseen

12.how13.filling

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。作者的兒子患有自閉癥，某天他們一起看電影的時(shí)候兒子擁抱了作者，讓作者非

常觸動(dòng)和高興。

【11題詳解】

考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意；在一個(gè)普通的春日，我們正在欣賞他最喜歡的電影之一，他以前看過很多次。根據(jù)后文

manylimesbefore可知表示“過去的過去”應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故填hadseen。

112題詳解】

考查賓語從句。句意：突然，他站了遠(yuǎn)來，緊緊地抱住我。你可以想象我有多興奮。川導(dǎo)賓語從句，表示

"多么激動(dòng)"應(yīng)用howexciled。故填how。

[13題詳解】

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：雖然只是一個(gè)擁抱，但它對我來說意義重大，讓我充滿了巨大的喜悅。分析句子

結(jié)構(gòu)可知fill與邏輯主語hug構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填filling。

B

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空口處

用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Thisyear,the13thSpringFestivalJointExhibitionofChineseBooks,14themewas“ReadingChina”,

washeldonJanuary24thin85bookstoresworldwide.It15(carry)outavarietyofactivitiessuchasbook

exhibitionsandculturalperformances.Booksdisplayedintheexhibitionwerephilosophicalandartistic,which

closelymettheneedsofoverseasreaders.Overall,thisyear'sbookexhibitionpresentedthenewestand

16.(fine)ChinesepublicationstolocalreaderssothattheycouldbetterunderstandChinainthenewera.

【答案】14.whose

15.carried

16.finest

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了以“讀中國”為主題的第十三屆中國圖書展，并且介紹了活動(dòng)內(nèi)容

及展出書目等詳細(xì)情況。

【14題詳解】

考查定語從句。句意：今年，以“讀中國”為主題的第十三屆中國圖書展于1月24日在全球85家書店舉

行。分析句子可知，該句為非限制性定語從句，從句中缺少定語，因此需使用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)。故填

whoseo

【15題詳解】

考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：此次圖書展將會(huì)開展書展、文藝演出等多種活動(dòng)。分析句子可知，空處與主語ii構(gòu)成主

動(dòng)關(guān)系且陳述過去事實(shí)，因此可使用過去式。故填carried。

【16題詳解】

考查形容詞最高級。句意：總的來說，今年的書展向當(dāng)?shù)刈x者展示了最新、最好的中國出版物，讓他們更

好地了解新時(shí)代的中國。由并列連詞and和thenewesi(最新的)可知，空處應(yīng)使用形容詞最高級。故填

finesto

C

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處

用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

ChatGFFisanewartificialintelligencetechnology17(create)byOpenAl.Itenablesmachinesto

understandandrespondtohumanconversationsina18(nature)andconversationalway.ChatGPThas

shakenthetechworldsinceitwasopenedforpublicuselastyear.Whileitcertainlycomesacrossasknowledgeable,

it'star19perfect.Itcannotanswerquestionsaboutthings:hathavehappenedrecentlybecause

it20(train)usingdatafrom2021andbefore.

【答案】17.created

18.natural

19.from20.istrained

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。ChalGPT是OpenAI創(chuàng)造的一種新的人工智能技術(shù)。它使機(jī)器能夠以自然和對話

的方式理解和回應(yīng)人類的對話。自去已開放給公眾使用以來，ChaiGPT已經(jīng)撼動(dòng)了科技界。雖然它看起來很

有知識(shí)，但它遠(yuǎn)非完美。它無法回答關(guān)于最近發(fā)生的事情的問題，因?yàn)樗褂玫氖?021年及之前的數(shù)據(jù)。

【17題詳解】

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：ChaiGPT是OpcnAI創(chuàng)造的一種新的人工智能技術(shù)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知crcaieW

邏輯主語anewartificialintelligencetechnology構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語。故填createdo

【18題詳解】

考查形容詞。句意：它使機(jī)器能夠以自然和對話的方式理解和回應(yīng)人類的對話。修飾名詞way應(yīng)用形容詞

natural,作定語。故填natural。

【19題詳解】

考查介詞。句意：雖然它看起來很有知識(shí)，但它遠(yuǎn)非完美。短語farfrom表示“遠(yuǎn)非”。故填from。

【20題詳解】

考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：它無法回答關(guān)于最近發(fā)生的事情的問題，因?yàn)樗褂玫氖?021年及之前的數(shù)據(jù)。

主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，陳述客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語為il,謂語用單數(shù)。故填is

trained□

第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該

項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

TheEconomicandSocialCouncil(ECOSOC)YouthForumisanannualinitiativeofthePresidentofthe

Council.IthasdevelopedintoakeyplatformwhereyoungpeoplecancontributetopolicydiscussionsattheUnited

Nations(UN).Thisyear'sYouthForumwilltakeplacefrom25to27April,2023.

?Objectives

TheForumaimstoengageyoungpeopleinadialoguewithMemberStates,policymakersandotheractorsto

voicetheirviewsandinspireactionsonhowtotransformtheworldintoabetterplaceguidedbytheSustainable

DevelopmentGoals(SDGs).Participantswillalsohavetheopportunitytocontributetothepreparatoryprocessof

theSDGSummit.

The2023ForumwilladdressthethemeonspeedinguptherecoveryfromtheCOVID-19andthefull

implcmcntaiion(實(shí)施)of(he2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment.Itwillalsoreviewprogressintheareasof

affordableandcleanenergy,andsustainablecitiesandcommunities,ete.

?Format

Thethrec-dayeventwillfeatureplenary(全體出席的)sessionsandregionallybaseddiscussions,withthelast

daydesignedforthepreparationofthe2023SDGSummit.Talentedyouthspeakerswilldelivershortpresentations

inbetweensessions.

ParticipationintheForumisbyinvitationonly.TheyouthparticipantsareselectedbyNationalYouthCouncils,

regionalyouthorganizations,etc.

Theeventwillbeheldinamixedwayallowingforopportunitiesforin-personandvirtualparticipation.

Participantswillalsobeabletoaskquestionsviasocialmedia.

,Thevoicesfromlastyear'sparticipants

2022ForumParticipantsTakeaway!2022ForumParticipants,Advice!

“TheYouthForumgavemetheopportunityto“Usingsourcestheteamprovideswillincreasethe

discovertheskillsrequiredtomasterpublicefficiencyandeffectivenessofcompletingtasks.Ialso

speaking.Thetimemanagementischallengingbutstronglyadvisethemtobeopentohearingeveryone's

wefinishedalltasksevenwithatightschedule.**differentopinionsfromanobjectivepointofview.^^

21.TheECOSOCYouthForum2023will_______.

A.discusstheglobalrecoveryissue

B.selecttheyouthleadersfortheUN

C.setgoalsforsustainabledevelopment

D.gatheryoungpeople(obuildaplatfonn

22.Accordingtothepassage,theyoungparticipantscan

A.register(ojoinintheForumpersonally

B.givebriefspeechesinplenarysessions

C.takepartintheeventonlineandoffline

D.auend(heSDGSummitafter(heForum

23.Whatistheadvicefrom2022participants?

A.Tobewillingtoconsidervariousvoices.

B.Tomaketimearrangementsatoppriority.

C.Tomasterpublicspeakingskillsinadvance.

D.Tobeefficientwiththehelpofpolicymakers.

【答案】21.A22.C23.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了即將舉辦的2023年ECOSOC青年論壇的相關(guān)信息和內(nèi)容。

【21題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段°The2023Forumwilladdressthethemeonspeedinguptherecoveryfromthe

COVID-19and（hefullimplementation（實(shí)施）of（he2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment.0（2023年論壇

的主題是加快從2019冠狀病毒中復(fù)蘇和全面落實(shí)2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程）可知，2023年ECOSOC青年

論壇將會(huì)討論全球從新冠病毒中復(fù)蘇的問題。故選A。

【22題詳解】

細(xì)i'j理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Theeventwillbeheldinamixedwayallowingforopportunitiesforin-personand

virtualparticipation.Participantswillalsobeabletoaskquestionsviasocialmedia."（該活動(dòng)將以一種混合的

方式舉行，允許面對面和虛擬參與的機(jī)會(huì)，參與者還可以通過社交媒體提問）可知，參加者可以在線上和

線下參加這次活動(dòng)。故選C。

【23題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ialsostronglyadvisethemtobeopentohearingeveryone'sdifferentopinions

fromanobjectivepointofview."（我還強(qiáng)烈建議他們從客觀的角度聽取每個(gè)人的不同意見）可知，2022年

的參加者還建議該活動(dòng)愿意聽取各種不同的聲音，考慮各方而不同的意見。故選A。

B

!wasfourwhenDadfirstshowedmehowtoskimstones,agameinwhichonethrowssmoothflatstonesinto

arivertomakethemjumpacrossthesurface.I'dpasshoursonbeacheswithmybrother,pickingupmuddystenes

andskimmingthem.Itwassatisfyingmakingthemdanceonthesurface.Tlatperfectskim,wherethestoneglided

（滑行）,broughtmefantasticleelings-ancstilldoes.Iwasacompetitivechildandgoodatthrowing.Ienjoyedjavelin

（標(biāo)槍）andwasonabaseballteam,bmskimmingstoneswasjustforfun.

Inadulthood,thingschanged.InAugust2017,anadvertisementfortheAllEnglandOpenStoneSkimming

Charipionshipsdrewmyattention.Isignedupandpaid￡2forthreestones.Iskimmed28metresandtriedagainand

again,buyingmorestonestofeedmydesire,finallyreaching37metres,whichwonmethirdplace.Idrovehome

excitedly,and￡20lighter.

Ireturnedtothe2018championship,hopingforachampion.Walkingontothesmallthrowingplatforminmy

trainers,1threwadecent44metresandwon.Ispottedsomeonewearingacompetitionsweaterwith“World"written

acrossit."Where'sthat?^^IaskedandhetoldmeabouttheannualWorldStoneSkimmingChampionshipsinScotland.

Itwasamonthawayandasix-hourdrive.1thoughtaboutthecostanddistanceforweeksuntil,thedaybefore

thecontest,thefeelingofwinningmadeadecisionforme."I'mgoing.aiTivcdatahotelat10pm,butcouldn't

sleepfornervesandexcitement.Earlythenextmorning,1drovetothecrossingwherethecompetitorshadbegun

waiting.Ropesandbuoys（浮標(biāo)）markeda63-mctrccouarsc.Ihadnoideaifmybestscorewasgoodenoughtowin.

Whenmynamewascalledattheprize-givingceremonythatafternoon,Iwasoverjoyed.Iwasthewomen'sworld

champion.

I'mabigbelieveringivingthingsago.I'm42,andtobecomeaworldchampionatthisstageisprettyleft-field.

Itshowedmeitwasworthjumpinginthecarthatday,andproofthatachildhoodspentthrowingmuddystonesfrom

beacheswasn'twasted.

24.Whatdidtheauthorenjoyaboutthestoneskimmingasachild?

A.Thecompetitivenessofthesport.

B.Theoutstandingabilityatthrowing.

C.Thesatisfactiontheglideofthestonebrings.

D.Thefuntimeshespentwithherdadatthebeach.

25.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorallthewaythrougheverychampionship?

A.Hudiscipline.

B.Herdesiretowin.

C.Herconfidence.

D.Hereffortsontraining.

26.Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?

A.Takeiteasyinfaceofchallenges.

B.Changetheworldbybeingyourself.

C.Abiggerstageisreadyforthosewhoiry.

D.EitherIwillfindaway,orIwillmakeone.

【答案】24.C25.B26.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。短文敘述了作者小時(shí)候撇石頭的經(jīng)歷幫助作者獲得了很多錦標(biāo)賽大獎(jiǎng)。

【24題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“IlwassatisfyingmakingthemdanceonIhesurface.Thatperfectskim,wherethe

stoneglided（滑行）,broughtmefantasticfcclings-andstilldocs.（讓他們在水面上跳舞是一種滿足。石頭滑過

的那一段完美的飛掠，給我?guī)砹似婷畹母杏X一一現(xiàn)在仍然如此。）可知，作者小時(shí)候喜歡撇石頭是因?yàn)?/p>

石頭滑過帶來的滿足感。故選C項(xiàng)。

【25題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段<41returnediothe2018championship,hopingforachampion.M（我重返2018年的

錦標(biāo)賽，希望能獲得冠軍）和倒數(shù)第二段“ihefeelingofwinningmadeadecisionforme.”（勝利的感覺讓

我做了一個(gè)決定）可知，對勝利的渴望幫助作者贏得了每一個(gè)冠軍。故選B項(xiàng)。

【26題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“「mabigbelieveringivingthingsago.Tm42,andtobecomeaworldchampion

atthisstageisprettyleft-field.Itshowedmeitwasworthjumpinginthecarthatday-andproofthatachildhood

spentthrowingmuddystonesfrombeacheswasn'twasted."（我堅(jiān)信凡事都要試一試。我已經(jīng)42歲了，在這

個(gè)階段成為世界冠軍是相當(dāng)不可能的c它告訴我，那天跳進(jìn)車?yán)锸侵档玫?，也證明了從海灘上扔泥石的童

年沒有浪費(fèi)。）可知，短文敘述了作者小時(shí)候撇石頭的經(jīng)歷幫助作者獲得了很多錦標(biāo)賽大獎(jiǎng)。所以能推理

出更大的舞臺(tái)己經(jīng)為那些敢于嘗試的人準(zhǔn)備好了。故選C項(xiàng)。

C

Clownfishlivetheiradultlivesintheprotectivearmsofseaanemones,thesmallbrightlycoloredseaanimals

attachedontorockstohouseclownfish.Betweenbirthandadulthood,however,thefishhavetocompletea

treacherousjourney.Afterhatching,theyswimouttotheopenseatofinishdeveloping.Aftermaturing,theyoung

fishswimback,duringwhichtheyhavetoavoida“wallofmouths^^bysensingtheunfiiendlysmells.Withocean

acidification,atrendthatisoccurringworldwide,scientistsbegantowonderwhatmighthappentofish'ssenseof

smell.

Myteampul300recentlyhatchedclownfishinourlab.Whenweintrcxlucedafriendlyfishodor（氣味），they

didnotreact.Butwhenweintroducedanenemyodor,theyswamaway.Wethenrepeatedtheexperimentwith300

newhatchlingsfromthesameparentsinthemoreacidicwater-alevelwecanexpectbytheyear21（X）ifcurrent

trendscontinue.Whenweintroducedfriendlyandunfriendlysmellsatthesametime,thefishseemedunabletomake

uptheirminds,spendingequaltimeswimmingtowardonesmellandtheother.Theycouldsensechemicalsignals

butcouldn'trecognizethemeaningofthem.

Itisalwaystrickytosaythatbehaviorsseeninalabwouldalsobeseeninthewild.Sowewenttoasandylake

nearaneoftheGreatBarrierReef'snorthernislandstotesthowwild-caughtdamselfishwouldreacttoenemysmells

afterexposingthemtoacidicwater.Inatank,abouthalfofthemheldinwaterwithacidityexpectedby2050were

attractedtotheunfriendlyodorandhalfwerenot,yetnotoneheldinwateranticipatedby21（M）avoidedbeing

attractedtotheenemyodor.Wethenletthemarkeddamselfishlooseinthelake.Thefishonceheldinthemostacidic

waterswamfartherawayfromtheirprotectivehome.Canfishadapt?Moststudieshavehabituatedfishtolifted

acidicconditionsoverafewdaysormonths-anextremelyshortlengthoftime.Theanimalsarenotgivenarealistic

opportunitytoadapt.Yetsomescientiststhoughtthatfishmightescapetheangerofoceanacidification,inpart

becauseearlyresearchdoneinthe1980sshowedthatcertainanimalshadanastonishingabilitytoregulatetheir

internalchemistrytosurviveacidifiedwater.Butmaintainingnormalfunctionssuchasavoidingdangerisadifferent

challenge.

Ataminimum,confusioncouldplaceyetanotherstressoronfishalreadychallengedbyrisingwater

temperatures,overfishing,etc.Further,ifmanyoceancreaturesstarttobehavestrangely,entirefoodwebsand

ecosystemscouldcomecrashingdown.Althoughthescienceisstillnew,theresultsappeartobeliningup:ocean

acidificationismessingwithfish'sminds.

27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“treacherous"inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Risky.B.Hurried.

C.Mysterious.D.Helpless.

28.Whatcanweleamaboutthefishintheacidicwater?

A.Theylosttheirsensestochemicalsignals.

B.Theywerelesslikelytorespondtothreats.

C.Theirbehaviorinthelabdisappearedinthewild.

D.Theytendedtoseektheprotectionfrcmtheirhome.

29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Theauthor'sstudyconfinnspreviousfindings.

B.Fish'sadaptationtoacidicwaterisamatteroftime.

C.Differentfishesbehavedifferentlytoaciditychange.

D.Thechancesofrestoringfish'smindsareyettobeseen.

30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WhatDoDifferentStressorsDotoOceanCreatures?

B.WhatDoesOceanAcidityMeantoOceanCreatures?

C.HowDoesOceanAcidificationDestroytheEcosystem?

D.HawDoOceanCreaturesAdapttoOceanAcidification?

【答案】27.A28.B29.D30.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是篇說明文。文章通過科研團(tuán)隊(duì)對小丑魚和小熱帶魚的實(shí)驗(yàn)和研究，說明了海洋酸化正在攪

亂海洋生物的思維，對它們產(chǎn)生了較大的影響。

【27題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段wAfterhatching,theyswimouttotheopenseaiofinishdeveloping.Aftermaturing,

theyoungfishswimback,duringwhichtheyhavetoavoida“wallofmouths^^bysensingtheunfriendlysmells.n

（孵化后，它們游到大海中完成發(fā)育,成年后，幼魚會(huì)游回來，在此期間，它們必須通過感知不友好的氣

味來避開“口墻”。）可知，小丑魚出生后要獨(dú)自去大海中生活，成年后才能回來，這期間隨時(shí)都有被其

他生物吃擦的可能，有著較大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，可謂是一場有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的旅程。故立線詞Treacherous”表示“有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

的”。故選A。

【28題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Whenweintroducedfriendlyandunfriendlysmellsatthesame（ime,thefishseemed

unabletomakeuptheirminds,spendingequaltimeswimmingtowardonesmellandtheother.Theycouldsense

chemicalsignalsbutcouldn'lrecognizeihcmeaningofthem.M（當(dāng)我們同時(shí)弓I入友好和不友好的氣味時(shí)，魚

似乎無法下定決心，花同樣的時(shí)間游向一種氣味和另一種氣味。他們可以感知化學(xué)信號，但不能識(shí)別它們

的意義。）可知，魚在酸性水中，不太能識(shí)別不友好的具有威脅性的氣味。故選B。

【29題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Butmaintniningnormalfunctionssuchasavoidingdangerisadifferentchallenge.M

（但維持正常功能，如避免危險(xiǎn)則是另一種挑戰(zhàn)。）和最后一段"Althc，ughIhescienceisslillnew,iheresulls

appearlobeliningup:oceanacidificationismessingwithfish'sminds."（雖然這門科學(xué)還是新興的，但結(jié)果

似乎是一致的：海洋酸化正在擾亂魚類的思維。）可知，海洋酸化正在擾亂魚的思維，使魚很難避免危

險(xiǎn)，所以恢復(fù)魚的思維的可能性還有待觀察。故選D。

【30題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Wiihoceanacidification,atrendthatisoccurringworldwide,scientistsbeganto

wonderwhatmighthappentofish'ssenseofsmell."（隨著全球范圍內(nèi)海洋酸化的趨勢，科學(xué)家們開始想知

道魚類的嗅覺會(huì)發(fā)生什么。）和最后一段"Althoughthescienceisstillnew,theresultsappeartobeliningup:

oceanacidificationismessingwithfish\minds.M（雖然這門科學(xué)還是新興的，但結(jié)果似乎是一致的：海洋

酸化正在擾亂魚類的思維。）及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了海洋酸化對海洋生物產(chǎn)生的影響。故選

Bo

D

Asnake-robotdesigner,atechnologist,anextradimensionalphysicistandajournalistwalkintoaroom.The

journalistturnstothecrowdandasks:Shouldwebuildhousesontheocean?Likeathink-tankpanel,membersof

theteamdreamupfar-outanswerstothecrucialproblem,suchasself-drivinghousingunitsthatcouldparkontop

ofoneanotherinthecoastalcitycenter.

ThesettingisX,theenterprisewhichconsidersmorethan100ideaseachyear,inareasrangingfromclean

energytoartificialintelligence.Althoughonlyatinypercentagebecome“projects“withfar-reachingcreativity,these

projectsexist,ultimately,tochangetheworld,likeWaymo,thebiggestself-driving-carcompany.Inthepast60years,

somethingstrangehashappened.Astheacademicstudyofcreativityhasthrived（蓬勃發(fā)展），thelabelinnovation

mayhavecoveredeverytinychangeofasodacanoratoothpasteflavor,butiherateofproductivitygrowthhasbeen

mostlydecliningsincethe1970s.JohnFernald,aneconomist,pointsoutthatthenotableexceptiontothepost-1970

declineinproductivityoccurredwhenbusinessesthroughouttheeconomyfinallyfiguredoutthebreakthrough

technology-informationtechnology.JohnFernaldsays,"It'spossiblethatproductivitytookoff,becausewepicked

allthelow-hangingfruitfromtheITwave.Actually,theworldeconomycontinuestohanestthebenefitsofIT.But

wherewillthenexttechnologyshockcomefrom?

Breakthroughtechnologyresultsfromtwodistinctactivities-inventionandinnovation.Inventionistypicallythe

workofscientistsandresearchersinlabs,whileinnovationisaninventionputtocommercialuse.Seldomdothe:wo

activitiesoccursuccessfullyunderthesameroof.Theytendtothriveinoppositeconditions;whilecompetitionand

consumerchoiceencourageinnovation,inventionhashistoricallyprogressedinlabsthatareprotectedfromthe

pressuretogenerateprofit.

Allowingwell-fundedanddiverseteamstotiytosolvebigproblemsiswhatgaveusthecomputerandthe

Internet.Ibday,wefailtogiveattentiontoplantingtheseedsofthiskindofambitiousresearch,whilecomplaining

abouttheharvest.''Companiesarereallygoodatcombiningexistingbreakthroughsinwaysthatconsumerslike.But

thebreakthroughscomefrompatientandcuriousscientists,nottherushtomarket/'saysJonGertner,theauthorof

TheIdeaFactory.

"Technologyisatalltree,“JohnEenialdsaid."Butplantingtheseedsofinventionandharvestingthefruitof

innovationareentirelydistinctskills,oftenmasteredbydifterentorganizationsandseparatedbymanyyears.''As

forme,bothofthemareessentialfortechnology,althoughtheyarerelativelyindependent.1don'tthinkXisaplanter

oraharvester,actually.Itislikebuildingtallerladders.Nobodyknowsforsurewhat,ifany