第頁|共頁2019年北京市高考英語試卷參考答案與試題解析第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AOnthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade,Istoodbythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.I___1___(voice)mybiggestconcerntomymother.“HowwillImakefriends?”Shehandedmeadvice.“Beyourself.”Forthepast20years.Ihavelivedbythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecomepartoftherealworld.Nervously___2___(face)challenges.IknowIwillwhisperto___3___(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.BEarthDay,___4___(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated___5___1970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地區(qū)).Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious___6___(activity)onEarthDay.Youcanplantatree,makeamealwithlocallygrownvegetables,orsavepower—thepossibilitiesareendless.CDoesthenameofthecollegeyouattendreallymatter?Researchonthequestion___7___(suggest)that,formoststudents,itdoesn’t.Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan___8___theygo.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose___9___aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources(資源),Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand___10___(meaning)collegeexperience.【分析】A段文章講的是我上小學(xué)的第一天，我擔憂不知道如何交朋友，媽媽告訴我"做自己"．現(xiàn)在馬上畢業(yè)進入社會去面對真正的挑戰(zhàn)，我仍然記得媽媽的話，"做自己"．B段文章講的是地球日的宗旨，起源，發(fā)展以及各種各樣的參與方式．C短文章講的是大學(xué)的名字是否重要．研究表明，大學(xué)名字不重要，重要的是在大學(xué)做什么．如果你在大學(xué)積極上課，充分利用學(xué)校提供的各種機會和資源，那么你將獲益．因此，提前為健康，有意義的大學(xué)生活做準備是很有必要的．【解答】1．voiced．考查謂語動詞．voice做動詞時意思是"表達"，因為是講述一年級的事情，所以用一般過去時，故用voiced．2．facing．考查非謂語動詞．根據(jù)分析，后半部分為主句，包含謂語動詞know，所以橫線處用非謂語動詞．face作動詞，意思是"面對"，和邏輯主語I構(gòu)成邏輯關(guān)系，故用facing．3．myself．考查反身代詞．根據(jù)句意可知此處用myself，我自己．whispertomyself（我）對我自己說，故用myself．4．marked．考查非謂語動詞．根據(jù)分析，后面那部分為主句，包含謂語動詞is，所以橫線處用非謂語動詞．mark做動詞時，意思是"慶賀；被賦予…特征；給確定…性質(zhì)"，與邏輯主語EarthDay構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用marked．5．in．考查介詞．根據(jù)句意可知用in，in1970在1970年，故用in．6．a(chǎn)ctivities．考查名詞．a(chǎn)ctivity，可數(shù)名詞，活動．前面是形容詞various，各種各樣的，所以用復(fù)數(shù)．故用activities．7．suggests/suggested/hassuggested．考查謂語動詞．根據(jù)語境，研究表明…研究是過去發(fā)生的事情，可以用一般過去時；也可以表示過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，可以用現(xiàn)在完成時；也可以把研究結(jié)果理解成一個常理，用一般現(xiàn)在時．故suggests/suggested/hassuggested均可．8．where．考查連接詞．根據(jù)句意可知填連接詞where，引導(dǎo)賓語從句．意思是"你在大學(xué)做什么看起來比你去哪里上大學(xué)重要的多"．故用where．9．who．考查關(guān)系詞．根據(jù)句意可知填關(guān)系代詞who，引導(dǎo)定語從句．先行詞是those表示人時，關(guān)系詞只能用who．故用who．10．meaningful．考查形容詞．根據(jù)句意可知填meaningful，形容詞，有意義的，與前面的形容詞healthy并列，修飾后面的名詞collegeexperience．故用meaningful．【點評】語法填空需要在通讀全文的情況下，了解文章的主旨大意．邏輯通順了之后，再逐句地填出每個正確答案．給出提示詞的，在原詞的基礎(chǔ)上變形；未給提示詞的，要填冠詞、介詞、連詞、代詞等虛詞．要注意上下文之間的聯(lián)系和提示．第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Regardlessoftheweatherorthedistance,PaulWilsonwillmakesurelow-incomestudentsinhisneighbourhoodarriveattheircollegeclassesontime.Aretiredengineer,76-year-oldWilsonhasbeen___11___freeridestocollegestudentsforthepasteightyears.Sincehefirststarted___12___hiscartotheyoungpeople.Wilsonhas___13___amastonishing64,000miles,andhashadcountlesspleasantandoftenhumorous___14___withthestudentshetransportstoandfromschool.Thestudentswhohe’s___15___havegoneontobecomephysicians,teachersandengineers,butwhatthey’vealsogotoutoftheirtimeinschoolisfindingarolemodelandafriendinWilson.Somestudents___16___callhim“Grandpa”.TinaStern___17___ridesfromWilsonforallherfouryearsincollege,andthetripsmeantmuchmoretoherthanjustfree___18___.“It’snotjustaride;you’renotjustsittingtherein___19___silenceorwithyourheadphoneson.”Sternsaid.“Heasksyouquestionsandactually___20___theanswers,sothenexttimeyouridewithhim,he’ll___21___thosethings.”Wilsonfirstworkedasadriverthroughastudent-supportprogrammeofthenon-profitorganisation.OnPointforCollege.Althoughthe___22___asksthemembersonlytodrivestudentstoandfromtheirclasses,Wilsonoftengoes___23___toensurethewelfareandsafetyofthestudents.Iftheyhaveproblemswithregistration.Wilsonisthereto___24___them.Iftheyrunoutofcertaindailynecessities.Wilsonwilldrivetotheneareststoreandpurchasewhat’sneeded.Ifastudentgetshungryonthelongdrivestoandfromschool,Wilsonnever___25___tobuythemameal.Formanystudents,Wilson’shelpisnotonlyappreciated,it’salsoentirely___26___forthemtobeabletocompletetheircollegeeducation.Somestudentsdon’thaveareliablecar,whileothershaveto___27___vehicleswithparentswhoworksixdaysaweek.Forthem,ridingwithWilsonhas___28___themtocompletetheireducation—butaccordingtoWilson,hebenefitsjustasmuchfromthe___29___.“IjustlovedrivingandIlovethesekids,”Wilsonsaid.“It’ssucha(n)___30___tobeapartofthesekids’lives,evenjustforafewhours,gettingtoknowthemandhearingtheirstories.”11.A.linkingB.sendingC.offeringD.distributing12.A.donatingB.lendingC.deliveringD.volunteering13.A.pavedB.coveredC.measuredD.wandered14.A.argumentsB.interviewsC.negotiationsD.wandered15.A.metB.drivenC.addressedD.conversations16.A.evenB.everC.onceD.already17.A.earnedB.receivedC.assessedD.demanded18.A.transportationB.styleC.timeD.communication19.A.forcedB.awkwardC.ridiculousD.suspicious20.A.selectsB.recitesC.guessesD.remembers21.A.actonB.settleonC.checkonD.agreeon22.A.clubB.leagueC.collegeD.programme23.A.farB.aroundC.beyondD.forwards24.A.assistB.watchC.urgeD.warm25.A.expectsB.attemptsC.managesD.hesitates26.A.extraB.unusualC.necessaryD.adequate27.A.shareB.fuelC.repairD.exchange28.A.requiredB.allowedC.remindedD.convinced29.A.experienceB.arrangementC.appreciationD.employment30.A.effortB.ambitionC.privilegeD.convenience【分析】短文主要講了Wilson為大學(xué)生免費提供搭車的服務(wù)，這對于很多學(xué)生能順利完成學(xué)業(yè)是非常重要的，但Wilson本人也覺得這樣的經(jīng)歷能從中收益，他認為能成為你孩子們生活的一部分是自己的榮幸．【解答】11﹣15CDBDB16-20ABABD21-25CDCAD26-30CABAC11．C．動名詞的辨析，linking聯(lián)系，sending發(fā)送，offering提供，distributing分配，76歲的Wilson在過去的八年里給大學(xué)生提供免費的搭車，故答案為C．12．D．動名詞的辨析，donating捐贈，lending借給，delivering傳送，volunteering自愿，此處指他自愿把他的車為年輕人服務(wù)，故答案為D．13．B．動詞的辨析，paved鋪，covered覆蓋，走了…課程，measured測量，wandered漫游，此處指Wilson開車為學(xué)生服務(wù)的路程達到64000英里，故答案為B．14．D．名詞的辨析，arguments爭論，interviews采訪，negotiations協(xié)商，conversations對話，此處指他送學(xué)生路上的聊天是愉快的和幽默的，故答案為D．15．B．動詞的辨析，met遇到，driven開車，addressed演講，greeted問候，此處指他開車接送過的學(xué)生成為了醫(yī)生老師工程師，故答案為B．16．A．副詞的辨析，even甚至，ever曾經(jīng)，once曾經(jīng)，already已經(jīng)，前后句子構(gòu)成遞進的關(guān)系，故答案為A．17．B．動詞的辨析，earned掙得，received收到，assessed評估，demanded要求，TinaStern在上大學(xué)的四年都收到過Wilson的搭載，故答案為B．18．A．上下文的理解，根據(jù)上下文可知Wilson給學(xué)生提供免費的交通運輸服務(wù)，因此使用transportation，故答案為A．19．B．形容詞的辨析，forced強迫的，awkward尷尬的，ridiculous可笑的，suspicious可疑的，TinaStern說搭車的時候并不是尷尬地坐在那，故答案為B．20．D．動詞的辨析，selects挑選，recites背誦，guesses猜測，remembers記住，他問你問題然后還會記住你的回答，故答案為D．21．C．短語的辨析，acton對…起作用，settleon解決，checkon檢查，核實，agreeon同意，下次你再搭車的時候，他會核實那些事情，故答案為C．22．D．上下文的理解，此處指的是前文的throughastudent﹣supportprogramme，因此使用programme，故答案為D．23．C．副詞的辨析，far遠，around周圍，beyond超越，forwards朝著，此處指Wilson經(jīng)常做得不止這些，確保學(xué)生的福利和安全，使用gobeyond"超越"，故答案為C．24．A．動詞的辨析，assist協(xié)助，watch觀看，urge催促，warn警告，如果出現(xiàn)什么問題，Wilson就會協(xié)助他們，故答案為A．25．D．動詞的辨析，expects期待，attempts試圖，manages試圖，hesitates遲疑，Wilson從不遲疑地為他們買東西，故答案為D．26．C．形容詞的辨析，extra額外的，unusual不尋常的，necessary必要的，adequate足夠的，對于一些學(xué)生能夠完成大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)Wilson的幫助是必不可少的，故答案為C．27．A．動詞的辨析，share分享，fuel加油，repair修理，exchange交換，有一些學(xué)生不得不跟父母共用汽車，故答案為A．28．B．動詞的辨析，required要求，allowed允許，reminded提醒，convinced說服，對于那些學(xué)生，由Wilson搭載才能夠使得他們順利完成學(xué)業(yè)，故答案為B．29．A．名詞的辨析，experience經(jīng)歷，arrangement安排，appreciation欣賞，employment雇傭，對于Wilson他也說同樣地從這樣的經(jīng)歷中受益，故答案為A．30．C．名詞的辨析，effort努力，ambition雄心，privilege特權(quán)，榮幸，convenience方便，他認為成為孩子們生活的一部分對他也是一種榮幸，故答案為C．【點評】在做完形填空時，首先需要快速的瀏覽全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要學(xué)會帶著問題到文中相應(yīng)的地方，通過細節(jié)閱讀來尋找或概括答案；最后理清作者的寫作思路也非常重要；做此類題時，要多注意一些形容詞或動詞的搭配，在平時多積累一些固定搭配．第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AWanttoexplorenewcultures,meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthesametime?YoucandoallthethreewithGlobalDevelopmentAssociation(GDA).Whateverstageoflifeyou’reat,whereveryougoandwhateverprojectyoudoinGDA,you’llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity(社區(qū)).Weworkwithvolunteersofallagesandbackgrounds.Mostofourvolunteersareaged17-24.Nowweneedvolunteermanagersaged25-75.Theyareextremelyimportantinthesafeandeffectiverunningofourprogrammes.Wehavesuchrolesasprojectmanagers,mountainleaders,andcommunicationofficers.Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincreaseacommunity’saccesstosafedrinkingwater,orhelptoprotectvaluablelocalcultures.Youmightalsodesignanadventurechallengetotrainyoungvolunteers.Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally,you’llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness.Youmayhavechancestomeetnewpeoplewho’llbecomeyourlifelongfriends.Thissummerwehaveboth4-weekand7-weekprogrammes:CountrySchedule4-weekprogrammes7-weekprogrammesAlgeria5Jul.-1Aug.20Jun.-7Aug.Egypt24Jul-20Aug.19Jun.-6Aug.Kenya20Jul.-16Aug.18Jun.-5Aug.SouthAfrica2Aug-29Aug.15Jun.-2Aug.GDAensuresthatvolunteersworkwithcommunitymembersandlocalprojectpartnerswhereourhelpisneeded.Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities.ThereisnootherchancelikeaGDAprogramme.Joinusasavolunteermanagertodevelopyourownskillswhilebringingbenefitstothecommunities.FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaGDAprogramme:Website:Email:humanresources@31.Whatisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?A.Toseeklocalpartners. B.Totakeinyoungvolunteers.C.Tocarryoutprogrammes. D.Tofosterculturalawareness.32.TheprogrammebeginninginAugustwilloperatein.A.EgyptB.AlgeriaC.KenyaD.SouthAfria33.ThesharedgoalofGDA’sprojectsto.A.explorenewcultures B.protecttheenvironmentC.gaincorporatebenefit D.helpcommunitiesinneed【分析】本文是一則廣告．文章主要是招募一些志愿者管理者來試試這個計劃，以及闡述了志愿者管理者的主要職責．【解答】31.C32.D33.D31．C細節(jié)理解．通讀全文可知A項尋找當?shù)睾献骰锇椋闹袥]有提到；根據(jù)第四段“Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally,you’llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness.Youmayhavechancestomeetnewpeoplewho'llbecomeyourlifelongfriends．不僅可以幫助我們的年輕志愿者個人發(fā)展，還可以學(xué)習新技能，提高文化意識．你可能有機會結(jié)識新朋友，他們將成為你終生的朋友."可知是幫助志愿者，而不是接納志愿者，所以B錯誤；C項"培養(yǎng)文化意識"在第四段有提到，但不是主要職責，所以D錯誤；根據(jù)第二段"Nowweneedvolunteermanagersaged25﹣75．Theyareextremelyimportantinthesafeandeffectiverunningofourprogrammes．現(xiàn)在我們需要25﹣75歲的志愿者管理人員．他們對我們項目的安全和有效運行非常重要．"以及倒數(shù)第四段"ThereisnootherchancelikeaGDAprogramme.Joinusasavolunteermanagertodevelopyourownskillswhilebringingbenefitstothecommunities．沒有其他的機會像一個GDA計劃．加入我們作為一個志愿者經(jīng)理發(fā)展自己的技能，同時為社區(qū)帶來好處."可知志愿者管理人員的主要職責是運行這個項目．故選C．32．D細節(jié)理解．注意觀察圖表以及圖表最后一行"SouthAfrica2Jul．﹣29Aug．15Jun．﹣2Aug．"可知只有南非是一直到8月29日，占據(jù)了整個八月．故選D．33．D細節(jié)理解．根據(jù)倒數(shù)第五段"GDAensuresthatvolunteersworkwithcommunitymembersandlocalprojectpartnerswhereourhelpisneeded.AllourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunitiesGDA．確保志愿者在需要我們幫助的地方與社區(qū)成員和當?shù)仨椖亢献骰锇楹献鳎覀兯械捻椖慷贾荚诖龠M貧困和偏遠社區(qū)的發(fā)展．"可知GDA項目的共同目標是幫助有需要的社區(qū)．故選D．【點評】1．直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目．2．間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原文信息進行轉(zhuǎn)換．3．綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義．BAliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur(創(chuàng)業(yè)者),whoinMay2015setupherbusinessAilieCandy.Bythetimeshewas13,hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasuper-sweettreatthatcouldsavekids’teeth,insteadofdestroyingthem.ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasofferedacandybar.However,herdadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,“Whycan’tImakeahealthycandythat’sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan’tsaynotoit?”Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.Herecommendedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.Withherdad’spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessoftheground.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,whofinallyagreedtosellMoore’sproduct-Cancandy.AsCanCandy’ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore’scredibilityasayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe’salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.Meanwhile,withherparents’help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormalteenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn’tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.Shedonates10%ofAilicCandy’sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentanddetermination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.34.HowdidMoorereacttoherdad’swarning?A.Shearguedwithhim. B.Shetriedtofindawayout.C.Shepaidnoattention. D.Shechosetoconsultdentists.35.WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?A.Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth. B.Itisfreeofsweeteners.C.Itissweeterthanothercandies. D.Itisproducedtoadentists’recipe.36.WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?A.Toearnmoremoney. B.Tohelpothersfindsmiles.C.Tomakeherselfstandout. D.Tobeatothercandycompanies.37.WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore’sstory?A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.B.Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.C.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.D.Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied.【分析】本文是一篇記敘文．文章主要講了摩爾在爸爸警告她糖果對牙齒有害時她想到：“為什么我不能做一個對我的牙齒有益的健康糖果，這樣我的父母就不能拒絕？"后來她花了兩年的時間在網(wǎng)上研究，并進行試驗，成功地制作了一種對牙齒有益的糖果．這個故事告訴我們善于思考就會成功．【解答】34.B35.A36.B37.C34．B細節(jié)理解．根據(jù)第二段"ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,"Whycan'tImakeahealthycandythat'sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan'tsaynotoit?"但是摩爾厭倦了錯過糖果．所以她想避開這個警告："為什么我不能做一個對我的牙齒有益的健康糖果，這樣我的父母就不能拒絕？"可知當她父親警告她糖果對牙齒有害時，她想找出一種有益牙齒的糖果．故選B．35．A細節(jié)理解．根據(jù)第三段"Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria．因此，她成功地制作了一種糖果，只使用天然甜味劑，可以減少口腔細菌．"可知這種糖果使用天然甜味劑，所以B"不含甜味劑"錯誤；根據(jù)"可以減少口腔細菌"說明對牙齒有益，所以A正確．C、D文章沒有提到．故選A．36．B推理判斷．根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段"Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyonilllife,shewasn'tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles．雖然她早年在病態(tài)的生活中創(chuàng)立了公司，但她并不是主要靠利潤驅(qū)動的．摩爾想利用自己獨特的才能幫助別人找到他們的笑容"可知她不是為了錢，而是想幫別人找到微笑．故選B．37．C推理判斷．閱讀全文可知，A項關(guān)于名聲文中沒有提到；B項"尊重青年"文中沒有提到；根據(jù)最后一段"shewasn'tdrivenprimarilybyprofit．但她并不是主要靠利潤驅(qū)動的"可知D錯誤；閱讀全文可知摩爾在爸爸警告她糖果對牙齒有害時她想到："為什么我不能做一個對我的牙齒有益的健康糖果，這樣我的父母就不能拒絕？"后來她花了兩年的時間在網(wǎng)上研究，并進行試驗，以獲得既美味又對牙齒友好的食譜．她還聯(lián)系牙醫(yī)了解更多關(guān)于牙齒清潔的知識．因此，她成功地制作了一種糖果，只使用天然甜味劑，可以減少口腔細菌，和C項"積極的思考和行動會帶來成功．"相符合．故選C．【點評】1．直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目．2．間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原文信息進行轉(zhuǎn)換．3．綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義．CTheproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon’tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams(欺詐).Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it’stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”(解決方案)becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it’snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou’rehearingisactuallyreal.That’sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(處理)andautomationtechnologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear’sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman–soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches(數(shù)據(jù)侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother’sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller’s,rickingyouinto“confirming”youraddress,mother’sname,andcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtoharderfromhereonout.38.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstoproblemofrobocalls?A.Panicked.B.Confused.C.Embarrassed.D.Disappointed.39.Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,scammercan______.A.aimatvictimsprecisely B.damagedatabaseseasilyC.startcampaignsrapidly D.spreadinformationwidely40.Whatdoesthepassageimply?A.Honestyisthebestpolicy.B.Technologiescanbedouble-edited.C.Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.D.Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.41.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRootedB.WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRoboeallsC.WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerousD.HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnology【分析】本文是一篇說明文．文章主要講了自助語音電話給人們帶來的危險的狀況．【解答】38.D39.A40.B41.C38．D推理判斷．A．驚慌失措．B．困惑．C．尷尬．D．失望．根據(jù)文章第一段中"Unfortunately,it'stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese"solutions"becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans."作者表明了自己的態(tài)度，"很不幸，這些措施太少，也太晚．這些"解決方案"能夠廣泛應(yīng)用時，欺詐者將已進入到更聰明的方式．"作者通過指出這些"解決方案"不能有效應(yīng)對，表明對這些解決方案的失望．故正確答案是D．39．A細理解；文章中第三段第二句"Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision."意為"自動語音電話令人頭疼的原因，在數(shù)量和精準度兩方面，與前者關(guān)系小一些．"以及第三句"Adecadeofdatabreachesofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother'sname,andfarmore."意為"通過十幾年的個人信息數(shù)據(jù)竊取，導(dǎo)致欺詐者能夠很容易地了解你母親的名字，以及更多信息．"通過上述論述，可以獲知，利用這些新技術(shù)，欺詐者可以精準展開欺詐．故正確答案是A．40．B推理判斷．本題考查推斷題；根據(jù)文章第二段"Atthisyear'sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman﹣soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection."可知新的聲音技術(shù)可以給人們帶來便利性，而后第三段又論述了這一技術(shù)會使現(xiàn)存自動語音電話問題更加糟糕，由此可推出技術(shù)有兩面性，是把雙刃劍．故正確答案是B．41．C主旨大意．文章在第一段提到了自助語音電話帶給人們的危害，緊接下來的兩段又進一步闡述這類電話帶給人們危害的原因，并在倒數(shù)第二段闡述了減輕相關(guān)危害的方案，尾段最終提出信任度是很難獲得又很容易失去的東西，并且，由此涉及的相關(guān)問題也會越來越難以解決．整篇文章都是在逐步闡述自助語音電話愈加危險的狀況；故正確答案是C．【點評】1．直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目．2．間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原文信息進行轉(zhuǎn)換．3．綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義．DBytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.”shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”42.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive.B.Beneficial.C.Significant.D.Unnoticeable.44.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B.Dutkiewicz’smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.【分析】本文是一篇說明文．文章主要講了氣候變化對海洋的影響．【解答】42.B43.A44.D45.C42．B細節(jié)理解．閱讀第一段"theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy世界海洋將會變得更加藍和綠"可知說到海洋的顏色會變化．根據(jù)第二段"Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface．由于光反射生物體的方式，這些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了豐富多彩的圖案．"可知顏色變化的原因．綜合這兩點可知這兩段講的是顏色的變化以及原因．故選B．43．A詞義猜測．A．Sensitive．敏感的；B．Beneficial．有益的；C．Significant．意義重大的；D．Unnoticeable不明顯；根據(jù)劃線詞所在的句子"Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend但是浮游植物（）海洋變暖趨勢的影響"再根據(jù)下一句"Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients．氣候變暖的變化可導(dǎo)致海洋的特性，可以影響浮游植物的生長，因為它們不僅需要陽光和二氧化碳來生長，還需要營養(yǎng)．"可知"vulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend"和"Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth氣候變暖的變化可導(dǎo)致海洋的特性，可以影響浮游植物的生長"意思相近，故選A．44．D推理判斷．根據(jù)第三段"Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate．當這些生物體死亡時，它們將碳埋藏在深海中，這是一個有助于調(diào)節(jié)全球氣候的重要過程．"可知A錯誤；根據(jù)第四段"StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury．麻省理工學(xué)院全球變化科學(xué)中心的科學(xué)家史蒂芬妮?達奇威茨建立了一個氣候模型，該模型預(yù)測了整個世紀海洋的變化．"可只是預(yù)測海洋的變化，而不是浮游植物．所以B錯誤‘根據(jù)第三段"Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend．但是浮游植物易受海洋變暖趨勢的影響．"是說浮游植物受氣候的影響，而不是影響氣候，所以C項"浮游植物被用來控制全球氣候．"錯誤；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段"Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener．但是在一些水域，比如北極的水域，變暖會使浮游植物的生存條件變得更為成熟，這些區(qū)域也會變得更加綠．"可知浮游植物會使得海洋變綠．故選D．4．C主旨大意．根據(jù)第一段"Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy．一項新的研究表明，由于氣候變暖，到本世紀末，如果不是很快的話，世界海洋將會變得更加藍和綠．"可知文章主要是講氣候?qū)Ｑ蟮挠绊懀蔬xC．【點評】1．直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目．2．間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原文信息進行轉(zhuǎn)換．3．綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義．第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Muchoftheworkintoday’sworldisaccomplished(完成)inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.____46_____Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?___47___Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.TheresultsaremixedForfootballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent;abovethatlevel,theteam’sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly,thistrendisn’tevidentinbaseball.whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam’sperformance.Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate(協(xié)調(diào))theiractions.______48______Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam’sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,“ThereisnoIinTEAM.”___49___Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justasinagameoftug-of-war(拔河比賽),wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.___50___An