中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)分析考點(diǎn)分析被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是歷年來(lái)中考的考點(diǎn)之一。在備考被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，我們一定要徹底地弄明白，英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。巧記為：主動(dòng)、主動(dòng)、主去動(dòng)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。巧記為：被動(dòng)、被動(dòng)、主被動(dòng)。主動(dòng)態(tài)和被動(dòng)態(tài)指的是動(dòng)詞形式，是詞法概念;而主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句則指的是句子結(jié)構(gòu)，是句法概念。所謂主動(dòng)句就是由主動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞(詞組)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子，而被動(dòng)句則是由被動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞(詞組)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考題一般出現(xiàn)在單線選擇、語(yǔ)法填空,完型填空和句型轉(zhuǎn)換中。知識(shí)梳理知識(shí)梳理語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+taught一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were+taught一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will/shallbe+taught現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/arebeing+taught過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：have/hasbeen+taught現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/hasbeen+taught思維導(dǎo)圖記知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、語(yǔ)態(tài)概述英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。巧記為：主動(dòng)、主動(dòng)、主去動(dòng)。例如：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.謂語(yǔ)：speak的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)manypeople來(lái)執(zhí)行的。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。巧記為：被動(dòng)、被動(dòng)、主被動(dòng)。例如：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主語(yǔ)English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。主動(dòng)態(tài)和被動(dòng)態(tài)指的是動(dòng)詞形式，是詞法概念;而主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句則指的是句子結(jié)構(gòu)，是句法概念。所謂主動(dòng)句就是由主動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞(詞組)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子，而被動(dòng)句則是由被動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞(詞組)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子。例如：Heopenedthedoor.他開(kāi)了門(mén)。(主動(dòng)句)Thedoorwasopened.門(mén)被開(kāi)了。(被動(dòng)句)二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的?，F(xiàn)以teach為例說(shuō)明被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+taught一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were+taught一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will/shallbe+taught現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/arebeing+taught過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：have/hasbeen+taught現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/hasbeen+taught歌訣是：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be字變，過(guò)去分詞跟后面。三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法(1)不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。例如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰(shuí)偷的)(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如：thewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗戶是邁克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.這本書(shū)是他寫(xiě)的。歌訣：誰(shuí)做的動(dòng)作不知道，說(shuō)出誰(shuí)做的沒(méi)有必要;動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)運(yùn)用到。四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法(1)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。(2)把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be+過(guò)去分詞)(3)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)，將主格改為賓格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.教育網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremade?bythem?inthefactory.歌訣是：賓變主，主變賓，by短語(yǔ)后面跟。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，be后“過(guò)分”來(lái)使用。五、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來(lái)帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。www-2-1-cnjy-com歌訣是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變動(dòng)，情態(tài)加be加“過(guò)分”，原來(lái)帶to要保留。例如：Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.2-1-c-n-j-yYououghttotakeitaway.Itoughttobetakenaway.【來(lái)源：21cnj*y.co*m】(根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)，以及原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定be的形式)。六、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)需要注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：①“動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)”改為被動(dòng)時(shí),可以用間接賓語(yǔ)做被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)。如：Histeachergavehimadictionary.→Hewasgivenadictionarybyhisteacher.(老師給他一本字典→他得到老師一本字典)也可以用直接賓語(yǔ)做被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ),但是需用to或者for引出原句的間接賓語(yǔ)。如：Histeachergavehimadictionary.→Adictionarywasgiventohimbyhisteacher.(老師給他一本字典→一本字典由老師送給了他)Hisfathermadehimakite.→Akitewasmadeforhimbyhisfather.(他的父親給他做了一個(gè)風(fēng)箏→一個(gè)風(fēng)箏由他的父親做給了他)【出處：21教育名師】②“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形”改為被動(dòng)時(shí),動(dòng)詞原形前要加to.如：Thebossmadethepoormanwork12hoursaday.→Thepoormanwasmadetowork12hoursaday.(老板讓這個(gè)可憐的人一天工作12小時(shí)→這個(gè)可憐人被迫一天工作12小時(shí))【版權(quán)所有：21教育】③“動(dòng)詞+…+介詞”改為被動(dòng)時(shí),介詞一般在原位不動(dòng)。如：Thegirltakesgoodcareofherlittlebrother.→Thegirl’slittlebrotheristakengoodcareofbyher.(女孩照顧小弟弟→女孩的小弟弟由她照顧著)④“be+過(guò)去分詞”未必表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),而可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Heispleased/worried/tired/…….(系表)(他高興/焦慮/疲勞……)21教育名師原創(chuàng)作品Hewashit/knockeddown/told/shot/.(被動(dòng))(他被擊中/撞倒/關(guān)照/射中……)句型轉(zhuǎn)換中主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法：在句型轉(zhuǎn)換中主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)我們一定要按“一變二套三注意”一變變主動(dòng)為被動(dòng)或變被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)時(shí)，把原句的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)互換，注意被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成“be+過(guò)去分詞”。如：Wegrewatreeyesterday.→Atreewasgrownyesterdaybyus.二套被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成為“be+過(guò)去分詞”。在不同的時(shí)態(tài)中，過(guò)去分詞保持不變，而be動(dòng)詞隨著時(shí)態(tài)有不同的變化，如：am/is/are（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）；was/were（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）；have/hasbeen(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))；am/is/arebeing（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）等。若含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Theflowersarebeingwateredbythem.他們正在澆花。Theplanhasbeenfoundbyme.鋼筆已經(jīng)被我找到了。Homeworkmustbefinishedfirst.必須要先完成作業(yè)。三注意①句中含有雙賓語(yǔ)如give/buysbsth時(shí)，一般要把間接賓語(yǔ)（sb）變成被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，若將直接賓語(yǔ)(sth)變成主語(yǔ)，則在間接賓語(yǔ)前加上介詞to或for。常用to的介詞有g(shù)ive,show,pass,hand,lend,send等；常用介詞for的動(dòng)詞有borrow,buy,make等。如：Theeraserwaspassedtomeatlast.最后，橡皮被傳遞給了我。Anewtoywasboughtformeasmybirthdaypresentbyhim.他給我買(mǎi)了一個(gè)玩具，作為我的生日禮物。②主動(dòng)句中，謂語(yǔ)是含有介詞或副詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，介詞或副詞不能省略。常見(jiàn)的詞組有l(wèi)istento,takecareof,payattentionto等。21如：Weoftentalkwiththeoldpolitely.→Theoldareoftentalkedwithpolitelybyus.③主動(dòng)句中作賓補(bǔ)的不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，變被動(dòng)時(shí)要加上to.常見(jiàn)的詞組有hear/seesbdosth,makesbdosth等。如：wemaketheboystandoutside.→Theboywasmadetostandbyus.2·1·c·n·j·y考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)一：將語(yǔ)態(tài)與主謂一致、倒轉(zhuǎn)、介詞結(jié)合起來(lái)命題典例1All

the

employees

except

the

manager

______to

work

online

at

home.A.

encourages

B.

encourage

C.

is

encouraged

D.

are

encouraged【解析】是all

the

employees(復(fù)數(shù))

，而不是the

manager，排除答案A和C；又因all

the

employees與encourage是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除B，故選D。【答案】D舉一反三 1.A

library

with

five

thousand

books

_______to

the

nation

as

a

gift.A.

is

offered

B.

has

offered

C.

are

offered

D.

have

offered2.—Don’t

you

think

it

necessary

that

he

______

to

Miami

but

to

New

York?21教育網(wǎng)—

I

agree,

but

the

problem

is

______

he

has

refused

to.A.

will

not

be

sent;

that

B.

not

be

sent;

thatC.

should

not

be

sent;

what

D.

should

not

send;

what3Only

after

my

friend

came

______.A.

did

the

computer

repaired

B.

be

repaired

the

computerC.

was

the

computer

repaired

D.

the

computer

was

repaired4Good

care

must

______babies,

particularly

while

they

are

ill.A.

take

B.

take

of

C.

be

taken

D.

be

taken

of考點(diǎn)二、在語(yǔ)境中將語(yǔ)態(tài)與時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)合起來(lái)命題The

number

of

deaths

from

heart

disease

will

be

reduced

greatly

if

people

______to

eat

more

fruit

and

vegetables.A.

persuade

B.

will

persuade

C.

be

persuaded

D.

are

persuaded【解析】因people與persuade是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除A和B。又因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，條件句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以選D。【答案】D舉一反三1.

Hundreds

of

jobs

______if

the

factory

closes.A.

lose

B.

will

be

lost

C.

are

lost

D.

will

lost2.

With

more

forests

being

destroyed,

huge

quantities

of

good

earth

______each

year.A.

were

washed

away

B.

is

being

washed

awayC.

are

washing

away

D.

are

being

washed

away

—The

window

is

dirty.

—I

know.

It

______

for

weeksA.

hasn’t

cleaned

B.

didn’t

clean

C.

wasn’t

cleaned

D.

hasn’t

been

cleaned4.

George

and

Lucy

got

married

last

week.

Did

you

go

to

the

wedding?—No,

I

__.

Did

they

have

a

big

wedding?A.

was

not

invited

B.

have

not

been

invitedC.

hadn’t

been

invited

D.

didn’t

invite真題在線真題在線用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Haveyoufinishedyourproject?Notyet.I'llfinishitifI(give)tenmoreminutes.(2013寧波)2.Luckily,theoldlady(send)tohospitalimmediatelyaftershehadfallendowntotheground.(2014金華)3.Anewroad(build)nearmyschoolnextyear.(2016北京)4.WhenTim(ask)whyhewaslateforschool,hejustkeptsilent.(2014河南)5.Howcleanyourcaris!Thankyou.It(wash)veryoften.(2015重慶)Key:wasgiven;wassent;wasbuilt;wasasked;washes模擬模擬演練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.WhenHangzhou(choose)tohosttheG20SummitinSeptember2016,wereallyfeltproudofourho