絕密★啟用前

2025年1月上海市春季高考英語仿真模擬試卷02

(筆試部分)

I.GrammarandVocabulary(每題1分；共20分)

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammatically

correct.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheother

blanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

Overthepastdecadeorso,biologistshaveshownthatwearefilledwithmicrobiomes(微生物組)，inside

andout.Thismicrobiome,](compose)ofbacteria,fungiandviruses,profoundlyinfluencesourhealth

andfitnessandsometimesisevenlinkedtoouremotionalstate.

Theoralmicrobiomegetsfarlessattention,butwe2(know)ofitforalongtime.In1891,US

dentistWilloughbyD.Millerfirstproposedthatbacteriacouldleavethemouth,traveltootherpartsofthebody

andcausedisease.Weonlybegantogetsupportingevidencein1989,whenresearchersnoticedthatpeoplewho

hadexperiencedaheartattackwereratedashavingoralhealththatwasabouttwiceaspooras3ofa

controlgroup.Evenwhenage,socialclassandsmokinghabits4(account)possiblefactors,theresults

remainedalmostthesame.Asolidlinkseemedtobethere.

Morerecently,thankstoDNAsequencingtechnology,bycataloguingthemicrobesinourmouths,weare

nowfindingthatthetypesofbacteriapeoplehave5(live)thereseemtobeassociatedwithagrowing

numberofconditionslikecancer.PerhapsthemoststrikingexampleisAlzheimer5sdisease.Itcanbefoundthat

peoplewithgum(牙齒艮)diseaseare6increasedriskofdevelopingthiscondition,whichslowlyrobs

peopleoftheirmemories,personalitiesandcognitivefunction.However,untilrecently,itwasunclear7

poororalhealthwasacontributingcauseofAlzheimer'soraconsequenceofit.

Then,in2019,scientistsdiscoveredsomespeciesofbacteriaknown8(cause)gumdisease一

includingonecalledPorphyromonasgingivalis-whichareinsidethebrainsofpeoplewhodiedofAlzheimer's

disease.Ifthemouthbacteriaweregettingintothebrain,thatlentweighttotheideathattheycouldbeacauseof

Alzheimer's.

Researchersarestilltryingtograsphowthiscouldhappen.9themechanismis,theynotethatthere

maybeawayyoucanprotectyourselfinadvance.DentalscientistsattheUniversityofMelbourne,Australia,is

developingavaccineagainstgumdisease10youcanreducetherisksofgumdiseasessignificantly.

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Note

thatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.abandonB.appealingC.matterD.foresightedE.mannerF.maintain

G.decliningH.costsI.rushingJ.aggressiveK.transition

Inthisworldofrapidchanges,everythingseemstobepossible.Therewilleventuallycomeadaywhenthe

NewYorkTimesstopspublishingstoriesonpaper.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisa11ofdebate.

“Sometimeinthefuture,9,thepaper'spublishersaidbackin2010.AlthoughpeoplearenostalgiaC懷I日）forink

onpaper,thereareplentyofreasonsto12print.Thebasicfacilitiesrequiredtomakeaphysical

newspaper,includingprintingpressesanddeliverytrucks,isveryexpensive.Readersarekeepingawayfromprint

anyway.Andthoughprintadvertisementsalesstillovertakeonlineandmobilecounterparts,incomefromprintis

still13.

Costmaybehighandcirculationlower,but14toeliminateitsprinteditionwouldbeamistake,

saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPetretti.PetrettisaystheTimesshouldn'twastetimegivinguptheprintbusiness,but

onlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway."'Figuringoutawaytospeedup15makessenseforthem,^^he

said.PetrettigivestheexampleofNetflixdiscountingitsDVD-mailingservicetofocusonstreaming（流媒體）.“It

wasonceseenasa（n）mistake.^^hesaid.Butthemoveturnedouttobe16.“IfIwereinchargeattheTimes,

Iwouldn'tpickayeartoendprint,9,Petrettisaid,t6Iwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct,

whichhassomeadvantageoveramodernproduct,makingit17forcustomerstokeepitaround.9,

Asamatteroffact,themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor.Theideagoes,andthey'd

feellikethattheywerehelping18thequalityofsomethingtheybelievein.Inotherwords,ifyou'regoing

toprintproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit,whichmaybewhattheTimesisdoing

already.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweek19nearly$500ayear-morethantwiceasmuchas

adigital-onlysubscription.

“It'sareallyhardthingtodoandifsatremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn'thavealegacybusiness,9,

Petrettiremarked.ccButwe'regoingtohavequestionslikethat.We'redoingthingsthatdon'tmakesensewhenthe

marketchangesandsodoestheworld.Inthosesituations,ifsbettertobemore20.Otherwise,wecan't

survivethefiercecompetition.

II.ReadingComprehension（共45分。41-45每題1分；56-70每題2分）

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B.CandD.

Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext

GuiltyPleasures?NoSuchThing

Weknowthemwhenweseethem:TheTVshowsandmovieswelove,eventhoughwejustknowthey're

bad.Thetrashybookswesimplycan't21.Theawfulearwormswehatetolove.

Yes,theseareourguiltypleasures-whatsomepeopleconsiderthe22foodinourmediadiets.

Butifweenjoythem,whyshouldwefeel23?Weshouldbefreetoenjoywhateverwelike!Andasitturns

out,theseso-called“guilty“pleasurescanactuallybegoodforus,solongasthey'reenjoyedin24.

Takingamentalbreakandenjoyingsomethingthatdoesn'trequireintenseintellectual25getsus

outofproblem-solvingmode,saidRobinNabi,aprofessorofcommunicationattheUniversityofCalifornia,Santa

Barbara,whospecializesinmediaeffectsandemotion.Itcanalsoimproveourabilitytoproductivelydealwith

stressorsandhelpus26morepositivelywithotherpeople.

Ifthat'strue,thenwhydoguiltypleasuresgetsuchabad27?Well,it'snottheaddictionitself,but

the28wehavewhentalkingaboutthem.However,accordingtoexpertslikeDr.Nabi,feelingguiltyabout

ordisparaging（貶低）activitiesweenjoycan29thebenefitstheyofferuswhilegettingridof

self-imposedembarrassmentaboutourinterestscanbeempoweringandenrichoursociallives,whichiswhyit's

timeto30"guiltypleasure^^fromourlistofshames.

Oneimportantvalueofaguiltypleasureisthe31itcancreatebetweenpeople."'Theseshowsare

outthereforareason-they'reresonating（令人產生共鳴）.Nabisaid.Headdedthattheconnectionswemake

withotherswhoshareourinterestsinsuchthings“isnottobe32

33,talkingaboutwhatweenjoycaneaseanyremainingguiltandmakesiteasiertodiscovermore

thingsthatbringuspleasure.Beingabletotalk34aboutwhatweloveismorethanjustawaytospend

thetime,sinceitencouragesustojustifyourneedsandbeourtrueself.

Still,it'sbesttofollowtheage-oldadviceourparentstaughtus:Everythinginmoderation.Thoughguiltcan

enhancepleasureinsomecases,itcanalsopushustoindulgein35wefeelguiltyaboutinothers.

21.A.turndownB.takeinC.tearapartD.putdown

22.A.junkB.sugaryC?spiritualD.transformative

23.A.relaxedB.guiltyC.helplessD.alert

24.A.massB.moderationC.minimumD.depression

25.A.focusB.superiorityC.qualityD.development

26.A.struggleB.chargeC.engageD.persevere

27.A.breakupB.principleC.conditionD.reputation

28.A.consciousnessB.obligationC.attitudesD.requirements

29.A.switchB.receiveC.claimD.decrease

30.A.removeB.discourageC.distinguishD.prevent

31.A.conflictB.differenceC.exchangeD.bond

32.A.establishedB.underestimatedC.foundD.strengthened

33.A.InadditionB.OnthecontraryC.AllinallD.Therefore

34.A.enthusiasticallyB.casuallyC.openlyD.politely

35.A.theoriesB.behaviorsC.problemsD.relationships

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinished

statements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccording

totheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

AnandMalligavad,knownasthe"LakeMan“inIndia,isamechanicalengineerfromBengaluru.Hehas

spenthislifestudyingancienttechniquesforkeepinglakesclean.Maligavadhassuccessfullyrestoredmanylakes,

coveringatotalsurfaceareaof800acres.Theselakesnowhold106milliongallonsofwater,andthegroundwater

levelinthoseregionshasincreasedbyeightfeet.

Itwasin2017,andhewasoutforawalkwithcolleagueswhenhefellintoasmelly,dirtylake.He

rememberedfromhischildhoodthatthiswasonceacleanlake.Theverynextday,heaskedhiscompanyifthey

wouldhelpfundtherestorationofthe36acrelake.However,theywereuncertainwhetherMalligavadcoulddothis.

Determinedtosucceed,Malligavadtookituponhimselftostudythehistoryofthelakeandfamiliarizehimself

withvariouslakerestorationmethods.Fourmonthslater,Malligavadreceivedfundingfromhiscompany,which

enabledhimtostartworkingonthisprojectinthecityofBengaluru.

Withtheaidofhundredsofvolunteers,theyremovedthewasteandopenedthechannels.Malligavadthen

adoptedtheancientCholamethodtobuildmudwallsthatchanneltheextrarainwaterintothelakesforagricultural

use.Ittookthemjust45daysandthentheywaitedfortherains.Sixmonthslater,whentherainyseasoncame,he

wasoutboatingonafresh,cleanlake."WhenIsawthelake,Ifeltyounger,andIwantedtojumpintoit,“

Malligavadsaid.

Sincethisfirstwin,Malligavadhasnotstopped.Hecreatedanon-profitorganizationcalledTheLake

ReviversCollective."AllIhaveisasenseofurgencythatifwedon'trepairthedamagewe'vealreadycaused,“he

said,"it'sgoingtoendbadlyforallofus.WatershortageisamajorprobleminBengaluru.Watertankersmust

driveintomeetthepopulation'sneeds.^^Hismethodshelptosolvetheproblem,andevenattractwildlife.

36.WhyisMalligavadprobablycalledthe"LakeMan"inIndia?

A.Heisgoodatboatingonlakes.

B.Heisdevotedtorecoveringlakes.

C.Hecompletedmanylakeadventures.

D.Hecreatednewwaysofcleaninguplakes.

37.HowdidMalligavadrespondtohiscompany'sdoubt?

A.Bydoinglakeresearchtowinsupport.

B.Byseekinghelpfromothercompanies.

C.Bydiscontinuingtherestorationproject.

D.Bymakingthelake'shistorywellknown.

38.WhatwordscanbestdescribetheapproachappliedinBengaluru?

A.Creativebutcostly.B.Practicalandfruitful.

C.Traditionalbutoutdated.D.Challenginganddissatisfying.

39.WhatinspiredMalligavadtostartthenon-profitorganization?

A.Hisdesiretofundwatertankers.

B.Hispassionforwildlifeprotection.

C.Thewishtoattractpublicattention.

D.Theseriouslackofwaterresources.

(B)

Thebestwhitenoisemachinesforagoodnighfssleep

Sleepiscrucialtohealth.Butdisruptive（擾舌L的）noisescanpreventyoufromfallingasleep.Whitenoisemachines

couldhelp,accordingtoonestudy.

MASKSNOISE:LectroFanClassichelpsblockout

disruptiveenvironmentalnoises.Itcanhelpimprovesleep,

focus,privacy,andrelaxation.

20NON-REPEATINGSOUNDS:Atotalof20unique

ILimitedtwnedeal，non-repeating,digitallycreatedsounds.10fansounds

-30:34.津,.LectroFan

10whitenoisevariations,includingpinkbrownnoise.

SAFE:Safe,solid-statedesignispoweredbyAC（交流

Classic

電）orUSBanddynamicallycreatesunique,non-repeating

sounds.

VOLUMECONTROL:Precisevolumecontrolallows

youtosettheperfectlevelforyouruniqueenvironment.

EFFECTIVELYMASKSNOISE:TheRohm

effectivelycancelsoutnoisesthatmaydisturbordistractyou

forimprovedsleepandconcentration.

GENTLESOUNDS:20differentsoundsincluding

music,nature,white,pink,andbrownnoise,aswellas

YogasleepRohm+Bluetoothspeakerfeaturestoallowyoutoplayyourown

musicorsoundsandtomakeaconferencecallontheroad

whenyouneed.

s4003

CRUSH（壓壞）RESISTANT:Stylish,crush-resistant

travelcasefitsperfectlywithYogasleepRohmwhitenoise

machines.

BATTERYOPERATED:RechargeablethroughUSB.

BESTFORBABIES:Soundmachine一keepyour

HatchRest+

littleonedreamingwithsoundslikewhitenoise,wind,and

rain.Nightlight-makemidnightfeedingscomfortingand

thedarklessscarywithacalminglight.Time-to-Rise-set

upthislightandsoundcombinationtoletyourearlyriser

knowwhenifstimetorise.Built-intwo-waysoundmonitor.

POWEREDBY:ACandrechargeable.

FAVORITECLOCK:LoftieClockusessoundand

lightstohelpeaseyouintoandoutofsleep.

GENTLYUNWIND:Enjoyover100freetracks,from

breathworkandsoundbathstoallkindsofwhitenoiseand

naturesounds.

LoftieClockAI-GENERATEDPERSONALSTORIES:Loftie^

MagicStoryMakerAIhasanupgradedfeaturethatletsyou

$1490°

createsleepstorieswithTypeform.ItthenusesChatGPTand

ElevenLabsAItocraftyourstory.UnlockingtheMagicStory

MakerAIrequiresanupgradetoaLoftie+accountintheapp

($5permonth).

POWEREDBY:ACpower

40.isthemostsuitableforJoana,whosebabysleepsinherroom.

A.LectroFanClassicB.YogasleepRohm+

C.HatchRest+D.LoftieClock

41.IfyouwanttobuyawhitenoisemachineforyourfriendTim,whooftentravelsonbusiness,youneedtopay

A.$34.95.B.$40.03.C.$159.99.D.$149.00.

42.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthefourwhitenoisemachines?

A.Thefourofthemcanallproducewhitenoiseandnaturesounds.

B.Oneofthemcanhelpyoucreateyourownsleepstoriesforfree.

C.TwoofthemcanbepoweredbybothACandrechargeablebatteries.

D.Twoofthemcannotonlyhelpyoufallasleepbutalsowakeyouup.

(C)

Scientistsarepoorforecastersofthefuture.Buttwotrendscanbeconfidentlypredicted.First,theworldwill

getmorecrowded.Therewillbemorethan9billionpeopleby2050.Second,theworldwillgetwarmerandsome

governmentswon'tprioritizethelong-termmeasuresneededtodealwithclimatechange,eventhoughscience

offersusaroad-maptoalow-carbonfuture.

Thafswhyweshouldbepromotersofnewtechnology-withoutittheworldcan'tprovidethefoodand

sustainableenergyneededforanexpandingpopulation.Butweshouldalsobecautious,asnewtechnologies,such

asAI,maybehardtocontrol.AIwillundoubtedlybecomemoreaggressiveinthefuture.Recordsofour

movements,healthandfinancialtransactionswillbestoredinthecloud.Thedatamaybeusedforjustifiable

reasons,suchasproteinfoldinganddrugdevelopment,ortowarnusofinitialhealthrisks,butitsavailabilityto

Internetcompaniesisalreadyshiftingthebalanceofpowerfromgovernmentstoglobal-scalecorporations.

Actually,ifsbeyondEarththatAIhasthemostenormouspotential.Humansmayhaveestablishedbases

beyondEarthbytheyear2100.Butdon'teverexpectmassemigration（移民）fromEarth.Ifsafalsebeliefthat

spaceoffersanescapefromourproblems.DealingwithclimatechangeonEarthisapieceofcakecomparedto

terraforming（地球化）Mars.

Nevertheless,weshouldcheeronthesebravehumanspaceadventurers.They511beill-adaptedtoaMartian

habitat,sothey911haveasupermotivetoredesignthemselves.Ifsthey,notthoseofusadaptedtolifeonEarth,

whowillpioneerthepost-humanera（時代）.

Ifpost-humansmaketheshiftfromfleshandbloodtofullyartificialintelligence,theywon'tneedan

atmosphereofevengravity,soit'sindeepspace-notevenonMarsthatnonbiological“brains“maydevelop

powersthatwecan'timagine.Theymayendupbeingmentallydifferentfromus.AIcouldjump-startahuge

emigrationandthusevenmorecomplexintelligencespreadsthroughtheuniverse.

Butlefsrefocusfromthesciencefictionofthefarfutureclosertothehereandnow.Thiscenturyisspecial.

It'sthefirst,inEarth's4.5-billion-yearhistorywhereonespecies-ours-holdstheplanefsfutureinitshands.

Ourintelligencecouldinitiatebillionsofyearsofpost-humanevolution（演化），evenmoreamazingthanthat

whichledtous.Ontheotherhand,humanscouldcausebiological,environmentalorcybercatastrophesthat

forecloseallthispotential.Ifscienceistosaveus,weneedtothinkglobally,sensiblyandlong-term-empowered

byscience,butguidedbyvaluesthatsciencealonecan'tprovide.

43.Whydoestheauthormentionthetwotrendsinthefirstparagraph?

A.Tojustifythegovernments9policies.

B.Tocriticizescientists5poorpredictionability.

C.Toadvocateforadvancementsintech.

D.Tohighlightthechallengesfacedbyscientists.

44.Accordingtothispassage,AIcan.

A.putanendtoclimatechange

B.facilitatemasshumanmigration

C.speedupthecompetitioninmedicalfields

D.bringaboutpotentialthreatsfrombigcompanies

45.Asforthefuture,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthoragreewith?

A.Post-humanswillechothehistoryofhumans.

B.Complexintelligencewilldominatetheuniverse.

C.Non-biologicalbrainsmayinviteunknowndisasters.

D.Fullyartificialintelligencemayinhabitouterspace.

46.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.FutureofHumanity:CouldAISaveUs?

B.ChangeorDie:WillScienceLeadFurtherEvolution?

C.TowardsaSustainableFuture:WhatCanWeDo?

D.UnstoppableTrend:IsComplexIntelligenceComing?

SectionC

Directions:CompletethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesintheboxEachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.

Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.

Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittlelater,inconjunction

withachild'sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren'tbornknowinghowtosay'Tmsorry”,

rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappease（安撫）parentsandfriendsandtheirownconsciences.This

iswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.

47ItevokesFreud'sideasandreligioushang-ups.Moreimportant,guiltisdeeplyuncomfortable

——ifstheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.Whowouldinflictituponachild?Yet

thisunderstandingisoutdated."Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatrole

guiltcanserve,9,Vaishsays,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren'tbinary

feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextandmaybeharmfulinanother.

Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstocorrecterrors

andfixrelationships.48Itisakindofsocialglue.

Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityof

Toronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothers

haveshownthatguiltandsympathy(anditsclosecousinempathy)mayrepresentdifferentpathwaysto

cooperationandsharing.Somekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmore

guilt,whichcancontroltheirimpulses.49

Ina2014study,forexample,Maltiandacolleaguelookedat244children,aged4,8,and12.Using

caregiverassessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,theyratedeachchild'soverallsympathylevelandhisor

hertendencytofeelnegativeemotions(likeguiltandsadness)aftermoraltransgressions(違背).Thenthekids

werehandedstickersandchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharethemwithananonymouschild.50

Theguilt-proneonessharedmore.However,theymaynotmagicallyhavebecomemoresympathetictotheother

child9sdeprivation.

“That'sgoodnews.^^Maltisays,“Wecanbepro-socialbecauseoftheempatheticproclivity(傾向)，or

becausewecausedharmandwefeelregret.95

A.Andviceversa:Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.

B.Themainreasonwhyguiltworkscomesdowntosimplepsychologyandconditioningwereceiveaschildren.

C.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowlikelytheyweretofeelguilty.

D.Guiltisanincrediblypowerfulemotionwhichhasslipbyunnoticedforlong.

E.Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadreputation.

F.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.

Ill.SummaryWriting

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomore

than60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

IsthereacorrelationbetweenhighIQandcreativegenius?Really,thephrasingofthequestioncontradicts

verymuchcorrelation,as“creativity“isinnowaymeasuredthroughIQstandardizedtesting,andcreativityisthe

greatestdeterminantofageniusas,likeyousay,itisagenius.Innovationuponanysubjectrequiresadriveto

create.

AsonesIQincreases,thereisanincreasedprobabilitythattheyareageniusbecausetheirlevelofcreativity

hasahigherprobabilityofascending（升高）themtogeniuslevel.Howeveriftheoddsareagainstthem,thereisan

averageprobabilitythattheyareageniussincetheyareaveragepercentgenius.ThisisbecausegeniusandIQare

composedofdifferentmentalconstructsasIQmeasuresastandardcomprehensionlevel,whilecreativitymeasures

thewayinwhichthiscomprehensionisused.Forexample,ifyourIQis180,thepercentagethatyouareagenius

issubtractedbytheamountofcreativitynecessarytobecomeagenius.Thisisinductiveoftheinfluencethatthe

brainhasonawareness.Thebraingainsperceptiveawarenessupon"'creatingthoughtsinacontinuouscyclic

process,andifyouwerevery"intelligent“butcouldnotgeneratethoughts,youcouldnotbeanintellectualbeing.

However,onewhoisalivecanneverstopthinking,sothecorrelationofIQandgeniuswouldobjectivelyappearas

anegativeexponentialfunction.

Therearefewexceptionallycreativepeopleoutthere,justastherearefewexceptionallyintelligentpeople,

andonedoesnotoccurwiththeother.Possessingahighlevelofintelligenceisaplatformofunderstandingforthe

creativethinkingskillstomakeuporiginality.Whenonebearsinformalthinkingskills,theytypicallyoccupy

heightenedintuitiveawareness,andvividimaginativequalities.Criticalthinkingskillsallowonetomakesenseof

theresultantcreativeoutputwithinitssurroundingcontextofknowledge.

However,notall"geniuses“fromoursubjectiveintelligencerangenecessarilyhavehighlevelsofcreativity.

One*slevelofintelligencecanbesohighthattheirplatformofunderstandinggeneralizesideaswhereageniuswith

lowerlevelsofintelligencemustusecreativityinordertoattainasortofqualitativeequivalence.Examplesof

peoplelikethisthroughouthistoryincludethelikesofJohnvonNeumannandChristopherLangan.

51._____________________________________________________________________________________________

IV.Translation供15分。第1小題和第2小題，每題3分悌3題4分悌4題5分。）

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,u