2014年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題(二)2014年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題(二)PAGE8PAGE72014年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題(二)PartI Writing (30minutes)Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayexplainingwhyitisunwisetoputallyoureggsinonebasket.Youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。PartⅡ ListeningComprehension (30minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA)9B)9C)andD),correspondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。A)Theymightbestolengoods.C)Theymightbefaultyproducts.Theymightbefakeproducts.D)Theymightbesmuggledgoods.A)Theyarecivilservants.C)Theyarenewsreporters.Theyarejobapplicants.D)Theyarepublicspeakers.A)Themanhasdecidedtoquithiscomputerclass.Thewomanwantstogetadegreeinadministration.Acomputerdegreeisamustforadministrativework.Themanwenttochangethetimeofhiscomputerclass.A)Alotofcontestantsparticipatedintheshow.Thefifthcontestantwonthebiggestprize.Itwasnotasexcitingashehadexpected.Itwassponsoredbyacarmanufacturer.A)Readinganewspapercolumn.C)DrivingfromNewYorktoBoston.Lookingatarailwaytimetable.D)Waitingforsomeoneattheairport.A)Hewearsacoatboughtinthemall.C)Hehadafingerhurtlastnight.Hegotanewjobatthebarbershop.D)Hehadhishaircutyesterday.A)HecannotappreciatethePicassoexhibition.EvenhisnephewcandrawaswellasPicasso.Heisnotquiteimpressedwithmodernpaintings.Somedrawingsbykindergartenkidsareexcellent.A)Heshouldnotputthecartbeforethehorse.Hisconductdoesnotsquarewithhiswords.Hisattitudetostudentgovernmenthaschanged.Hehaslongbeeninvolvedinstudentgovernment.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)SheleftherowncarinManchester.Somethingwentwrongwithhercar.Shewantstogotravelingontheweekend.Hercarwon’tbebackinaweek’stime.

10.A)Safety.C)Size.B)Comfort.D)Cost11.A)Third-partyinsurance.C)PetrolB)Value-addedtaxD)CDWQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Howtoupdatethebasicfacilities.C)Wheretolocatetheirplant.B)Whattodotoenhancetheirposition.D)Howtoattractinvestments.13.A)TheirroadlinktootherEuropeancountriesisfast.B)TheyarealllocatedinthesouthofFrance.C)Theyareveryclosetoeachother.D)Theirbasicfacilitiesaregood.14.A)Trytoavoidmakingahastydecision.C)Talkwiththelocalauthorities.B)Takeadvantageofthetrainlinks.D)Conductfieldsurveysfirst.15.A)Futureproductdistribution.C)Roadandraillinksforsmalltowns.B)Localemploymentpolicies.D)Skilledworkforceinthehillyregion.SectionBDirections：Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。PassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Onefifthofthemwereonbadtermswiththeirsistersandbrothers.Aboutoneeighthofthemadmittedtolingeringbitterfeelings.Morethanhalfofthemwereinvolvedininheritancedisputes.Mostofthemhadbrokenwiththeirsistersandbrothers.17.A)Lessconcernwithmoneymatters. C)Advanceinage.Moreexperienceinworldlyaffairs. D)Freedomfromwork.18.A)Theyhavelittletimelefttorenewcontactwiththeirbrothersandsisters.B)Theytendtoforgetpastunhappymemoriesandfocusontheirpresentneeds.C)Theyaremoretolerantofoneanother.D)Theyfindcloserelativesmorereliable.PassageTwoQuestions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Theyhavebrightcolorsandintricatepatterns.TheycanonlysurviveinpartsoftheAmericas.Theyaretheonlyinsectthatmigratesalongfixedroutes.Theyhavestrongwingscapableofflyinglongdistances.20.A)InaMichiganmountainforest. C)InaKentuckymountainforest.InaLouisianamountainforest. D)InaMexicanmountainforest.21.A)Eachflockofbutterflieslayseggsinthesamestates.Theystarttolayeggswhentheyareninemonthsold.Eachgenerationinacyclelayseggsatadifferentplace.Onlythestrongestcanreachtheirdestinationtolayeggs.22.A)Evolutionofmonarchbutterflies.B)Livinghabitsofmonarchbutterflies.C)Migrationpatternsofmonarchbutterflies.D)Environmentalimpactsonmonarchbutterflylife.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A) Timehasbecomemorelimited. C) Timeismoney.Timehasbecomemoreprecious. D) Timeisrelative.24.A) Americansnowattachmoreimportancetotheeffectiveuseoftime.Americanstodayhavemorefreetimethanearliergenerations.ThenumberofhoursAmericansworkhasincreasedsteadily.MoreandmoreAmericansfeelpressedfortimenowadays.25.A) Ourinterpersonalrelationshipsimprove. C) Ourlivinghabitsarealtered.Ourworkefficiencyincreasesgreatly. D) Ourbehaviorischanged.SectionCDirections：Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime，youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。ThefirstcopyrightlawintheUnitedStateswaspassedbyCongressin1790.In1976Congressenactedthelatestcopyrightlaw,26thetechnologicaldevelopmentsthathadoccurredsincethepassageoftheCopyrightActof1909.Forexample,in1909,anyonewhowantedtomakeasinglecopyofa27workforpersonalusehadtodosobyhand.Theveryprocess28alimitationonthequantityofmaterialscopied.Today,aphotocopiercandotheworkinseconds:thelimitationhasdisappeared.The1909lawdidnotprovidefullprotectionforfilmsandsoundrecordings,nordidit29theneedtoprotectradioandtelevision.Asaresult,30ofthelawandabusesoftheintentofthelawhavelessenedthe31rewardsofauthors,artists,andproducers.The1976CopyrightActhasnotpreventedtheseabusesfully,butithasclarifiedthelegalrightsoftheinjuredpartiesandgiventheman32Since1976theActhasbeen33toincludecomputersoftware,andguidelineshavebeenadoptedforfairuseoftelevisionbroadcasts.Thesechangeshaveclearedupmuchoftheconfusionandconflictthatfollowed34the1976legislation.Thefinepointsofthelawaredecidedbythecourtsandbyacceptablecommonpracticeovertime.Asthesedecisionsandagreementsaremade,wemodifyourbehavioraccordingly.Fornow,weneedto35thelawanditsguidelinesasaccuratelyaswecanandtoactinafairmanner.PartⅢ ReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Fearcanbeaneffectivewaytochangebehavior.Onestudycomparedtheeffectsofhigh-fearandlow-fearappealsonchangesinattitudesandbehaviorsrelatedtodentalhygiene(衛(wèi)生）.Onegroupofsubjectswasshownawfulpicturesof36teethanddiseasedgums；anothergroupwasshownlessfrighteningmaterialssuchasplasticteeth,charts,andgraphs.Subjectswhosawthefrighteningmaterialsreportedmoreanxietyandagreater37tochangethewaytheytookcareoftheirteeththanthelow-feargroupdid.Butwerethesereactionsactually38intobetterdentalhygienepractices?Toanswerthisimportantquestion,subjectswerecalledbacktothelaboratoryontwo39(fivedaysandsixweeksaftertheexperiment).Theycheweddisclosingwafers(牙疾診斷片)thatgivearedstaintoanyuncleanedareasoftheteethandthusprovidedadirect40ofhowwelltheywerereallytakingcareoftheirteeth.Theresultshowedthatthehigh-fearappealdidactuallyresultingreaterandmore41changesindentalhygiene.Thatis,thesubjects42tohigh-fearwarningsbrushedtheirteethmore43thandidthosewhosawlow-fearwarnings.However,tobeaneffectivepersuasivedeviceitisveryimportantthatthemessagenotbetoofrighteningandthatpeoplebegiven44guidelinestohelpthemtoreducethecauseofthefear.Ifthisisn’tdone,theymayreducetheiranxietybydenyingthemessageorthe45ofthecommunicator.Ifthathappens,itisunlikelythateitherattitudeorbehaviorchangewilloccur.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。A)accustomedF)decayedK)indicationB)carefullyG)desireL)occasionsC)cautiouslyH)dimensionsM)permanentD)concreteI)eligibleN)sensitivityE)credibilityJ)exposedO)translatedSectionBDirections：Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheStreet-LevelSolutionWhenIwasgrowingup,oneofmyfather’sfavoritesayings(borrowedfromthehumoristWillRogers)was：“Itisn’twhatwedon’tknowthatcausesthetrouble；it’swhatwethinkweknowthatjustisn’tso.Oneofthemaininsightstobetakenfromthe100000HomesCampaignanditsstrategytoendchronichomelessnessisthat,untilrecently,oursocietythoughtitunderstoodthenatureofhomelessness,butitdidn’t.Thatledtoaseriesofmistakenassumptionsaboutwhypeoplebecomehomelessandwhattheyneed.Manyoftheerrorsinourhomelessnesspolicieshavestemmedfromtheconceptionthatthehomelessareahomogeneousgroup.It’sonlyinthepast15yearsthatorganizationslikeCommonGround,andothers,havetakenastreet-levelviewoftheproblem—distinguishingthe“episodicallyhomeless”fromthe“chronicallyhomeless”inordertounderstandtheirneedsatanindividuallevel.Thisiswhywecannowenvisageadifferentapproach—andgetbetterresults.Mostreadersexpressedsupportfortheeffort,althoughanumberwereskeptical,andafewutterlydismissive,aboutthechancesoflong-termhomelesspeopleadaptingwelltohousing.Thisistobeexpected;it’shardtoimaginewhatwehaven’tyetseen.AsNiccoloMachiavelliwroteinThePrince,oneofthemajorobstaclesinanyefforttoadvancesystemicchangeisthe“incredulityofmen，”whichistosaythatpeople“donotreadilybelieveinnewthingsuntiltheyhavehadalongexperienceofthem.”Mostofushavewitnessedhomelesspeopleonthestreetsfordecades.Fewhaveseenformerlyhomelesspeopleaftertheyhavebeenhousedsuccessfully.Wedon’thavereferencepointsforthatstory.Sowegeneralizefromwhatweknow-orthinkweknow.Butthatcanbemisleading,eventoexperts.WhenIaskedRosanneHaggerty,founderofCommonGround,whichcurrentlyoperates2310unitsofsupportivehousing(with552moreunderconstruction),whathadbeenherbiggestsurpriseinthiswork,shereplied:“Fifteenyearsago,Iwouldnothavebelievedthatpeoplewhohadbeensobrokenandstuckinhomelessnesscouldthrivetothedegreethattheydoinourbuildings.’’AndBeckyKanis,thecampaign’sdirector,commented:‘Thereisthissenseinourmindsthatsomeonewho’sonthestreetsisalmostintheirDNAdifferentfromsomeonewhohasahouse.Thecampaigniscreatingafirst-handexperienceformanypeoplethatthatisreallynotthecase.OneofthestartlingrealizationsthatIhadwhileresearchingthiscolumnisthatanybodycouldbecomelikeahomelessperson—allittakesisatraumatic(創(chuàng)傷的）braininjury.Abicyclefall,acaraccident,aslipontheice,orifyou’reasoldier,aheadwound—andyourlifecouldbecomeunrecognizable.JamesO’Connell,adoctorwhohasbeentreatingthemostvulnerablehomelesspeopleonthestreetsofBostonfor25years,estimatesthat40percentofthelong-termhomelesspeoplehe’smethadsuchabraininjury.“Formanyitwasaheadinjurypriortothetimetheybecamehomeless，”hesaid.“Theybecameunpredictable.They’dhavemoodswings,fitsofexplosivebehavior.Theycouldn’tholdontotheirjobs.Drinkingmadethemfeelbetter.They’denduponthestreets.Oncehomelesspeoplereturntohousing,they’reinamuchbetterpositiontorebuildtheirlives.Butit’simportanttonotethathousingaloneisnotenough.Aswithmanycomplexsocialproblems,whenyougetthroughtheinitialcrisis,youhaveanotherproblemtosolvewhichisnolesschallenging.Butitisabetterproblem.Overthepastdecade,O’Connellhasseenthishappen.spendhalfmytimeonthestreetsorinthehospitalandtheotherhalfmakinghousecallstopeoplewholivedforyearsonthestreets,”hesaid.“Sofromadoctor’spointofviewit’sadelightfulswitch,butit’snotasifputtingsomeoneinhousingistheanswertoaddressingalloftheirproblems.It’sthefirststep.”O(jiān)nceinhousing,formerlyhomelesspeoplecanbecomeisolatedandlonely.Ifthey’velivedonthestreetsforyears,theymayhaveacquiredacertainstandingaswellasasenseofprideintheirsurvivalskills.Nowindoors,thoseaspectsoftheiridentitymaybestrippedaway.Manyalsoexperienceaprofounddisorientationattheoutset.“Ifyou’rehomelessformorethansixmonths,youkindofloseyourbearings,”saysHaggerty.“Existencebecomesnotaboutovercominghomelessnessbutaboutfindingfood,begging,lookingforajobtosurviveanotherday.Thewholeprocessofhowyoudefinestabilitygetsreordered.”Manyneedregular,ifnotcontinuous,supportwithmentalhealthproblems,addictionsandillnesses—and,equallyimportant,assistanceintheday-to-daychallengesoflife,reacquaintingwithfamily,buildingrelationshipswithneighbors,findingenjoyableactivitiesorwork,managingfinances,andlearninghowtoeathealthyfood.Forsomepeople,thebestsolutionistoliveinacommunal(集體)residence,withspecialservices.Thisisn’tavailableeverywhere,however.InBoston,forexample,homelesspeopletendtobescatteredinapartmentsthroughoutthecity.CommonGround’slargeresidencesinNewYorkofferinsightintothepossibilitiesforchangewhenhomelesspeoplehavearicharrayofsupports.Inadditiontomoretraditionalsocialservices,residentsalsomakeuseofcommunalgardens,classesinthingslikecooking,yoga,theatreandphotography,andjobplacement.Lastyear,188formerlyhomelesstenantsinfourofCommonGround^residences,foundjobs.Becausethepropertieshavemanyservicesandarewell-managed,Haggertyhasfoundposthousingproblemstobesurprisinglyrare.Inthepast10years,therehavebeenonlyahandfulofincidentsofquarrelsbetweentenants.Thereisverylittlegraffiti (涂鴉）orvandalism(破壞）.Andtheturnoverisalmostnegligible.InthePrinceGeorgeHotelinNewYork,whichishometo208formerlyhomelesspeopleand208low-incometenants,theaveragelengthoftenancyisclosetosevenyears.(Allresidentspay30percentoftheirincomeforrent；fortheformerlyhomeless,thiscomesoutoftheirgovernmentbenefits.)Whenpeoplemoveon,itisusuallybecausethey’vefoundapreferableapartment.“Tenantsalsowanttoparticipateinshapingthepublicareasofthebuildings，”saidHaggerty.“Theyformedagardeningcommittee.Theywantaterraceontheroof.ThosearethingsIdidn’tcounton.’’Themostcommontenantdemand?Peoplealwayswantmorestoragespace—butthat’strueofeveryNewYorker,”sheadds.“Inmanyways,we’realotlikeanormalapartmentbuilding.Ourtenantslooklikeanyoneelse.”AsImentioned,homelessnessisacatch-allforavarietyofproblems.Anumberofreadersaskedwhetherthecampaignwilladdressfamilyhomelessness,whichhasdifferentcausesandrequiresadifferentsolution.I’vebeenfollowingsomeofthepromisingideasemergingtoaddressandpreventfamilyhomelessness.Laterin2011,I’llexploretheseideasinacolumn.Fornow,I’llconcludewithanupdateonthe100000HomesCampaign.SinceTuesday,NewOrleansandafewothercommunitieshavereportednewresults.Thecurrentcountofpeoplehousedis7043.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。TenantsinCommonGround’sresidencesallwantmoreroomforstorage.HomesCampaignprovidesfirst-handproofthatthehomelessarenotwhattheywereoncebelievedtobe.CommonGround’sresidencesarewell-managedandbyandlargepeaceful.Housingthehomelessisonlythefirststeptosolvingalltheirproblems.Alargepercentofthechronicallyhomelesshavesufferedfrombraininjury.Afterbeinghousedmanyhomelesspeoplebecomeconfusedatfirstastohowtodealwithlifeoffthestreet.Somepeoplethinkthebestwaytohelpthehomelessistoprovidethemwithcommunalhousing.Thehomelesswithhealthproblemsshouldbegivenregularsupportintheirdailylives.UntilrecentlyAmericansocietyhasfailedtoseewhathomelessnessisallabout.ManyformerlyhomelesstenantsinNewYork’sCommonGround’sresidencesgothired.SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA).B.)C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Technologycanmakeussmarterorstupider,andweneedtodevelopasetofprinciplestoguideoureverydaybehaviorandmakesurethattechisimprovingandnothinderingourmentalprocesses.Oneofthebigquestionsbeingdebatedtodayis:Whatkindofinformationdoweneedtohavestoredinourheads,andwhatkindcanweleave“inthecloud，”tobeaccessedasnecessary?Anincreasinglypowerfulgroupwithineducationarechampioning“digitalliteracy”.Intheirview,skillsbeatknowledge,developing“digitalliteracy”ismoreimportantthanlearningmerecontent,andallfactsarenowGoogle-ableandthereforeunworthyofcommittingtomemory.Buteventhemostsophisticateddigitalliteracyskillswon’thelpstudentsandworkersnavigatetheworldiftheydon’thaveabroadbaseofknowledgeabouthowtheworldactuallyoperates.Ifyoufocusonthedeliverymechanismandnotthecontent,you’redoingkidsadisservice.Indeed,evidencefromcognitivesciencechallengesthenotionthatskillscanexistindependentoffactualknowledge.Datafromthelastthirtyyearsleadstoaconclusionthatisnotscientificallychallengeable：thinkingwellrequiresknowingfacts,andthat’struenotonlybecauseyouneedsomethingtothinkabout.Theveryprocessesthatteacherscareaboutmost—criticalthinkingprocesses—areintimately intertwined(交織）withfactualknowledgethatisstoredinlong-termmemory.Inotherwords,justbecauseyoucanGooglethedateofBlackTuesdaydoesn’tmeanyouunderstandwhytheGreatDepressionhappenedorhowitcomparestoourrecenteconomicslump.Thereisnodoubtthatthestudentsoftoday,andtheworkersoftomorrow,willneedtoinnovate,collaborateandevaluate.Butsuchskillscan’tbeseparatedfromtheknowledgethatgivesrisetothem.Toinnovate,youhavetoknowwhatcamebefore.Tocollaborate,youhavetocontributeknowledgetothejointventure.Andtoevaluate,youhavetocomparenewinformationagainstknowledgeyou’vealreadymastered.Sohere’saprincipleforthinkinginadigitalworld,intwoparts.First,acquireabaseoffactualknowledgeinanydomaininwhichyouwanttoperformwell.Thisbasesuppliestheessentialfoundationforbuildingskills,anditcan’tbeoutsourced(外包）toasearchengine.Second,takeadvantageofcomputers’invariablememory,butalsothebrain’selaborativememory.Computersaregreatwhenyouwanttostoreinformationthatshouldn’tchange.Butbrainsarethesuperiorchoicewhenyouwantinformationtochange,ininterestingandusefulways：toconnectupwithotherfactsandideas,toacquiresuccessivelayersofmeaning,tosteepforawhileinyouraccumulatedknowledgeandexperienceandsoproducearichermentalbrew.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。Whatistheauthor’sconcernabouttheuseoftechnology?Itmayleaveknowledge“inthecloud”.Itmaymisguideoureverydaybehavior.Itmaycauseadivideinthecirclesofeducation.Itmayhinderthedevelopmentofthinkingskills.Whatistheviewofeducatorswhoadvocatedigitalliteracy?Ithelpskidstonavigatethevirtualworldatwill.Ithelpskidstobroadentheirscopeofknowledge.Itincreaseskids’efficiencyofacquiringknowledge.Itliberateskidsfromtheburdenofmemorizingfacts.Whatdoesevidencefromcognitivescienceshow?Knowledgeisbetterkeptinlong-termmemory.Criticalthinkingisbasedonfactualknowledge.Studyskillsareessentialtoknowledgeacquisition.Criticalthinkingmeanschallengingexistingfacts.Whatdoestheauthorthinkiskeytomakingevaluations?Gatheringenoughevidencebeforedrawingconclusions.Masteringthebasicrulesandprinciplesforevaluation.Connectingnewinformationwithone’saccumulatedknowledge.Understandingbothwhathashappenedandwhyithashappened.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?Towarnagainstlearningthroughmemorizingfacts.Topromoteeducationalreformintheinformationage.Toexplainhumanbrains5functioninstoringinformation.Tochallengetheprevailingoveremphasisondigitalliteracy.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.America’srecenthistoryhasbeenapersistenttilttotheWest—ofpeople,ideas,commerceandevenpoliticalpower.CaliforniaandTexasarethetwinpolesoftheWest,butverydifferentones.Formostofthe20thcenturythehomeofSiliconValleyandHollywoodhasbeenthebrainierandtrendierofthetwo.Texashastrailedbehind：itsstereotypehasbeenaconservativeChristianincowboyboots.Buttwinscanchangeplaces.Isthathappeningnow?ItiseasytofindevidencethatCaliforniaisinapanic.AtthestartofthismonththeoncegoldenstatestartedpayingcreditorsinIOUs(欠條).Thegapbetweenprojectedoutgoingsandincomeforthecurrentfiscal(財(cái)政的）yearhasleapttoahorrible$26billion.Withnosignofanewbudgettoclosethisgulf,onecreditagencyhasalreadydowngradedCalifornia’sdebt.Asbudgetsarecut,universitieswillletinfewerstudents,prisonerswillbereleasedearlyandschemestoprotectthevulnerablewillberolledback.Bycontrast,Texashascopedwellwiththerecession,withanunemploymentratetwopointsbelowthenationalaverageandoneofthelowestratesofhousingrepossession.InpartthisisbecauseTexanbanks,hardhitinthelastpropertybust,didnotoverexpandthistime.Texasalsoclearlyoffersadifferentmodel,basedonsmallgovernment.Ithasnostatecapital-gainsorincometax,andabusiness-friendlyandimmigr