GrammarandusagePresentperfecttense

GrammarandusagePresent結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定：have/hasdone

否定：have/hasnotdone

疑問：Has/Have+主語+done

簡略答語:Yes,主語+have/has.(肯定)

No,主語+haven't/hasn't.(否定)

被動：has/havebeendone結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定：have/hasdone注意：1)現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與過去的時間狀語連用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等;2)不能與when連用3).現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用注意：用法一：表示(不確定的)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響或造成結(jié)果。Ihavealreadylostthekey.

(我現(xiàn)在沒有鑰匙)Ihaven’treadthatbookyet

.

(不了解書的內(nèi)容)Ihavejustcleanedmyhands.

(手是干凈的)常與already(已經(jīng)),yet(已經(jīng)),just(剛剛),ever(曾經(jīng))never(從不)

，recently(最近),lately(近來)等詞連用.

already:常用于肯定句中.yet:常用于否定句,疑問句尾.用法一：表示(不確定的)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響或注意：just:剛剛，與現(xiàn)在完成時連用justnow:剛才，與一般過去時連用e.g.IhavejustboughtapenIboughtapenjustnow.注意：用法二:表示從過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，也可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，只能用于某些延續(xù)性動詞，常與for…,since…,或和表示從過去某時到現(xiàn)在這段時間的時間狀語（如:sofar,uptonow,inthelastfewyears/days等）連用。ShehaslearnedEnglish

for

5years.HehaslivedinBeijing

since

hewasborn.HashelivedinShenzhen

for

4years?用法二:表示從過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，也可能繼續(xù)持since:(自…以來)1)since+時間點He

has

stayed

here

since

5

o’clock.2)since+時間段+agoHe

has

stayed

here

since

5

hours

ago.3)since+從句She

has

taught

English

since

he

came

here.

for:(長達）for+時間段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:

Takenotes

since:(自…以來)since,for的用法:用for或since填空Mr.BrownhashadhisTV______15years.I’vetakendrivinglessons_______lastmonth.Mysisterhashadhercellphone______amonth.Myfriendshaven’tvisitedme______mybirthday.Wehaven’tusedourcar_____alongtime.Shehasn’thadagoodcupofcoffee_____years.Tomhaswornglasses_______hewas7yearsold.forsinceforsinceforforsince用for或since填空Mr.Brownhashad注意：瞬間動詞在肯定句中不能與for，since等表示一段時間的時間狀語連用延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作，這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn,

work,

stand,

lie,

know,

walk,

keep,

have,

wait,

watch,

sing,

read,

sleep,

live,

stay等。

瞬間動詞也稱非延續(xù)性動詞、終止性動詞或短暫性動詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動作，這種動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如：open,

close,

finish,

begin,

come,

go,

arrive,

reach,

get

to,

leave,

die,

borrow,buy等。注意：瞬間動詞在肯定句中不能與for，since等表示一段時當現(xiàn)在完成時+一段時間注意：1)TomhasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.=TombegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.

2)(錯)Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.

=Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.

改為:Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago.

或Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.當現(xiàn)在完成時+一段時間誤Ihavereceivedhisletterfortwodays.正Ireceivedhislettertwodaysago.Ihavehadhisletterfortwodays.ItistwodayssinceIreceivedhisletter.*瞬間動詞在否定句中則可以與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。Ihaven’treceivedhisletterforalongtime.Hehasn’tmarriedsincehebrokeupwithhisgirlfriend.誤Ihavereceivedhisletterfo動作狀態(tài)diebeoverleavearrivebeginend/finishjoinmarrybeawaybeherebeon(上演）bemarriedbeinbedead由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換動作狀態(tài)diebeoverleavearriveb★1.have代替buyMybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.★2、用keep或have代替borrowIhavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.★3、用be替代becomeHowlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?★4、用haveacold代替catchacoldTomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.★5、用wear代替puton

★1.have代替buyb)用“be＋形容詞”代終止性動詞

1、be＋married代marry2、be＋ill代fall(get)ill

4、be＋asleep代fall(get)asleep

5、be＋awake代wake/wakeup

7、be＋open代open8、beclosed代close/shut

9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose

b)用“be＋形容詞”代終止性動詞用法三：表示一個過去發(fā)生的動作到現(xiàn)在為止已完成或剛剛完成。Nowwehaveplantedallthetrees.

Hehasturnedoffthelight.Uptonow,theprogramhassavedthousandsofchildren.

A:“Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?”B:“No,thanks.I’vejusthadlunch.”用法三：表示一個過去發(fā)生的動作到現(xiàn)在為止已完成或剛剛完成。Allofushaveheardthis

manytimes.IhavevisitedBeijing

threetimes.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher;Ihavemether

severaltimes.用法四：表示過去發(fā)生的一次或多次的動作，一般漢語譯為“過”，常帶有once，twice,three

times等頻度時間狀語

Allofushaveheardthismany特殊句型：1.Itis+時間段since+一般過去時的句子.他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世2年了。

Nick參軍3年了.他離開深圳好長時間了。這本書我已借了4個月了.Itis2yearssincehisgrandpadied.

Itis3yearssinceNickjoinedthearmy.ItisalongtimesinceheleftShenzhen.Itis4monthssinceIborrowedthebook.特殊句型：1.Itis+時間段since+一般過句型二:This/Itisthefirst/second等序數(shù)詞

time+that從句(謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時)It’sthefirsttimethatMissLiuhasbeentoTaojiang.句型三：It/This/Thatisthe最高級+名詞

that從句（謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時）It’sthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.

句型二:This/Itisthefirst/secohave/hasgoneto&have/hasbeento1.have/hasbeen(to)表示“去過某地

（現(xiàn)在已回來）”

2.have/hasgoneto表示“去某地了

（說話時某人不在當?shù)兀扒罢呖膳conce,never,several

times等連用,后者則不能我曾經(jīng)去過三次意大利。IhavebeentoItalythreetimes.他去哈爾濱了。HehasgonetoHarbin.Have/hasbeenin：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths./sincetwomonthsago.have/hasgoneto&have/haSummary:用法一：

(不確定的)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響或造成結(jié)果。用法二:表示從過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，也可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。用法三：過去發(fā)生的動作到現(xiàn)在為止已完成或剛完成。用法四：過去發(fā)生的一次或多次的動作。用法五：用于某些特殊句型Summary:Practice：1.—Canyougivemetherightanswer?—Sorry,I___Wouldyoupleaserepeatthatquestion?A.haven’tlistenedB.hadn’tlistenedC.don’tlistenD.wasn’tlisteningPractice：1.—Canyougivemet2.Whenyougetthepaperback,payspecialattentiontowhat____.havemarkedB.havebeenmarkedC.hadmarkedD.hadbeenmarked3.—Itseemsthatsheisthinkingaboutsomething.—Yes,shecannotrememberwhatkeyshe___tohercomputer.setB.hassetC.hadsetD.sets2.Whenyougetthepaperback4.Danny___hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.worksB.isworkingC.hasworkedD.worked5.Hedidn’tgiveuptheplanthoughhe__manytimes.wouldfailB.wasfailingC.hadfailedD.hasfailed4.Danny___hardforlongtorTrueorFalse:Hehasbeentotheshop.He’llbebacksoon.2.Ihaven’treceivedhisletterforalongtime.3.Ihavereceivedhisletterfortwodays.4.ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhadread.5.HehasboughtthecarlastFriday.gonehadhave

TrueorFalse:gonehadhave現(xiàn)在完成時一般過去式vs現(xiàn)在完成時一般過去式vse.g.Billhassmokedsinceheleftschool.Hestillsmokes.e.g.BillhassmokedsincehelBillsmokedforsixmonths.Itmeansthathestoppedsmokingthen.Billsmokedforsixmonths.ItThepresentperfecttense

&

thesimplepasttense現(xiàn)在完成時:強調(diào)的是這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等,不能與表過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時:只著重說明動作發(fā)生在過去，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)，常與具體的過去時間狀語連用。Thepresentperfecttense&thExercises:We__________(study)Englishforaboutfiveyears.We______(begin)

tostudyitfiveyearsago.2.They_____(move)

tothesouthin1990and__________(live)theresincethen.3.Eric_____(leave)homelastyearbutnowhe_______(come)back.havestudiedbeganmovedhavelivedhascomeleftExercises:We__________(study)1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_______what‘shappenedtohim.

Ａ.knewＢ.haveknown

Ｃ.mustknowＤ.willknow

2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?

Ａ.alreadyＢ.never

Ｃ.everＤ.still

1、Bothhisparentslooksad.

3、HaveyoumetMrLi______？

Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago

4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyears.

Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten

3、HaveyoumetMrLi______？

5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven___.

Ａ.haschanged;well

Ｂ.changed;good

Ｃ.haschanged;better

Ｄ.changed;better

6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.

Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;study

Ｃ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying5、—Ourcountry______alotso7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.

Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew

8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.

Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see

7、We______XiaoLisinceshe9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.

—Really?When_____there?

Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygo

Ｃ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone

10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?

—Yes.I_____itamomentago.

Ａ.Did;do;finished

Ｂ.Have;done;finished

Ｃ.Have;done;havefinished

Ｄ.will;do;finish

9、—Thesefarmershavebeento11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.

Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoined

Ｃ.wasinＤ.hasbeenin

12、—Doyouknowhimwell?

—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.

Ａ.wereＢ.havebeen

Ｃ.havebecomeＤ.havemade

11、Hisfather______thePart13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?

—Abouttwomonths.

Ａ.beenＢ.gone

Ｃ.comeＤ.arrived

14、Hurryup!Theplay_____fortenminutes.

Ａ.hasbegun

Ｂ.hadbegun

Ｃ.hasbeenon

Ｄ.began13、—Howlonghaveyou____herTHANKYOUSUCCESS2023/10/537可編輯THANKYOUSUCCESS2023/7/31315、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.

Ａ.isＢ.has

Ｃ.willＤ.was

16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.

Ａ.hasgoneＢ.went

Ｃ.willgoＤ.hasbeen15、It_____tenyearssinceh17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.

Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeento

Ｃ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen

18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,____?

A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey17、Myparents______Shandong19、____hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe___toChina?

A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,got

C.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived

20、Hisuncle____formorethan9years.

A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtowork

C.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity19、____hasMrWhitebeenameGrammarandusagePresentperfectcontinuoustenseGrammarandusagePresentperfe

Structure:

現(xiàn)在完成進行時由have(has)+been+doing構(gòu)成1.Thetelephonehasbeenringingforalmostaminute.Whydoesn’tsomeoneanswerit?電話響了差不多一分鐘,為什么沒人接?2.Theweatherhasbeenchangeablelately;I’vebeenhavingalotofcolds.最近天氣變化無常,我時常感冒。

Structure:

現(xiàn)在完成進行時由have(has)Usages用法一：從以前到現(xiàn)在這一段時間里一直在進行的動作，可能仍在進行，也可能已停止。

e.g.1.IthasbeenrainingsincelastMonday.

自上周一以來就一直在下雨。2.She’s

beenwatchingtelevisionallday.

她看了整整一天電視。Usages用法一：從以前到現(xiàn)在這一段時間里一直在進行的動作用法二：表示一個從過去某時開始的動作一直延續(xù)到說話時剛結(jié)束?！猈herehaveyoubeen?—Wehavebeenlookingforyoueverywhere.用法二：表示一個從過去某時開始的動作一直延續(xù)到說話時剛結(jié)束。Sorry.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?Ihavebeenwaitingforanhour.Sorry.Haveyoubeenwaitingl用法三：表示過去剛剛完成的動作，對現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系或影響。1.I’vebeentypinglettersallday.

（Iamverytired.

）

一整天都在打信件。（我太累了。）2.Susanhasbeencrying.

（Susan’seyesarered.）

蘇姍一直在哭。（眼睛都哭紅了。）用法三：表示過去剛剛完成的動作，對現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系或影響。1.IPractice:HowIwishIcouldbringsomelaughtertomystudentswho____sohard.willworkB.hadworkedC.havebeenworkingD.wereworking2.–Isn’tithardtodrivedowntowntowork?-Yes,that’swhyI____toworkbytrain.havegoneB.havebeengoingC.wasgoingD.willhavegonePractice:現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的比較:

Note1:

兩者都可表示延續(xù)至今的狀態(tài),但現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性；而現(xiàn)在完成時著重說明一個事實。

A.TheyhavelivedinNewYork.

他們住在巴黎。

B.TheyhavebeenlivinginNewYork.

他們一直住在巴黎。

現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的比較:

Note1:Note2:現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)結(jié)果和影響；現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)動作仍在進行。

1.

I’vecleanedthewindows.

我把窗戶擦干凈了。

2.

I’vebeencleaningthewindows.

我一直在擦窗戶。(可能窗戶尚未擦完)Note2:Sheisstillreadingthebook.LiJiahasbeenreadingabookaboutStonehenge.Sheisstillreadingthebook.LiJiahasreadabookaboutStonehenge.Shefinishedreadingthebook.Sheknowsthecontentofthebooknow.LiJiahasreadabookaboutSHowmanytimes

haveyouswum

inthelake?Howlong

haveyoubeenswimming

inthelake?Note3:現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作重復的次數(shù)，提問時用howmanytimes;而現(xiàn)在完成進行時則表示持續(xù)的不間斷的動作，提問時用howlong.HowmanytimeshaveyouswumiIhavevisitedEgypttwicethismonth.IhavebeentouringEgyptfortwomonths.IhavevisitedEgypttwicethiNote4:某些不用于進行時的狀態(tài)動詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時。

靜態(tài)動詞則主要指表示情感、相互關(guān)系、內(nèi)心活動、感覺等的動詞：

如exist，be,have,mean,seem,sound,belong,

contain,concerns,hate,dislike,like,love,prefer,surprise,satisfy等。Note4:某些不用于進行時的狀態(tài)動詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成Iamlovingyou.2.Heisn’tbelievinginHoward.3.Themeatistastingdelicious.4.Tomishavingseveralshirts.××××TrueorFalseIamlovingyou.××××TrueorF注意：never,yet,already,everandonce,twice等頻率時間狀語不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時。注意：never,yet,already,ever高考鏈接—I’msorry,butIdon’tquitefollowyou.DidyousaythatyouwanttoreturnonSeptember20?—Sorry,I_________myselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.(2010北京)A.hadn’tmadeB.wouldn’tmakeC.don’tmakeD.haven’tmade高考鏈接—I’msorry,butIdon’tq2.EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobsthey______beforeleavingtheirhometowns.(2010福建)A.promisedB.werepromisedC.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised2.Everyyearafloodoffarme3.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagesinceit________onthemarketin1973.(2010重慶)A.hadcomeB.hascomeC.cameD.comes3.Thebookhasbeentranslate5.I’mtiredout.I_______allafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.(2010湖南)A.shoppedB.haveshoppedC.hadshoppedD.havebeenshopping5.I’mtiredout.I_______al[考例1]----____you_____himaroundthemuseumyet?----Yes.Wehadagreattimethere.A.Have；shown B.Do；showC.Had；shown D.Did；show[點撥]

此句強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，即：是否已經(jīng)帶他參觀了博物館。[考例1][考例2]

We_____ournewneighborsyet,sowedon’tknowtheirnames.A.don’tmeet B.won’tmeetC.haven’tmet D.hadn’tmet[點撥]

此句表示發(fā)生在過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。[考例2][考例1]

—Ihavegotaheadache.—Nowonder.You_____infrontofthatcomputertoolong.A.work B.areworkingC.havebeenworkingD.worked[點撥]

由語境可以看出work動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，對現(xiàn)在還有影響，且含有責備的口吻，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。[考例1][考例2]CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe_____Englishforayear.A.studies B.studiedC.isstudying D.hasbeenstudying[點撥]

句意：凱茜正在陽光學校的課堂上做語法筆記，她一直在那里學英語，到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)一年了。[考例2]CathyistakingnotesofNote5:現(xiàn)在完成時通常只陳述事實，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時還可表示一種感情色彩。

Ihavewaitedfortwohours.

我等了兩小時。（陳述事實）Ihavebeenwaitingfortwohours.

我等了兩個小時。（等得好辛苦）Note5:現(xiàn)在完成時通常只陳述事實，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時Note6:

靜態(tài)動詞通常不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時中,現(xiàn)在完成進行時通常只用動態(tài)動詞;現(xiàn)在完成時兩者皆可用。They’ve

beenmarriedfortwentyyears.