Ⅰ.詞匯1．ban

A．a(chǎn)stateofmentaloremotionalstrainorsuspense2．a(chǎn)buseB．tomakesthstrongerorbecomestronger3．desperateC．feelingorshowinggreatdespairorreadytodoanythingregardlessofdanger4．strengthenD．tomakeabadorwronguseof5．stressE．tosaythatsthmustnotbedone,seen,used,etc.6．dueF．feelingembarrassedandguiltybecauseofsthyouhavedone7．a(chǎn)utomaticG．toleaveajob,schooletc.,especiallywithoutfinishingitcompletely8．mentalH．relatingtothehealthorstateofsomeone'smind9．quitI．donewithoutthinking,especiallybecauseyouhavedonethesamethingmanytimesbefore10．a(chǎn)shamedJ．owedtosomeoneeitherasadebtorbecausetheyhavearighttoit答案：1.E

2.D

3.C

4.B

5.A

6.J

7.I

8.H

9.G10．FⅡ.短語1．due________由于……2．give________放棄，戒掉3．becomeaddicted________對(duì)……有癮4．________and________again再三地，反復(fù)地5．becomeaccustomed________習(xí)慣于……6．dodamage________傷害，損傷7．________on對(duì)……做出決定8．throw________扔掉，拋棄9．feel________(doing)想要(做)……10．instead________代替，而不是答案：1.to

2.up

3.to

5.over;over

5.to

6.to

7.decide

8.away

9.like

10.ofⅢ.語篇導(dǎo)讀根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容完成下列短文。Chooseadaythatisnot__1__toquitsmoking.Makealistofallthe__2__youwillgetfromstoppingsmoking.__3__allyourcigarettesattheendofthedaybeforeyouplanto__4__.Rereadthelistofbenefitsyouwrotewhenyou__5__smoking.Developsomeotherhabitslikewalking,drinkingsomewater,cleaningthehouseandsoontokeepyourmindandyourhands__6__.Ifyoufeel__7__orstressed,trytodosomerelaxationexerciseslikedeepbreathing.Youcanstopsmokingwithafriend.Ifyoufeelreallybad,askadoctoror__8__forhelp.Themostimportantthingisto__9__.Don'tfeel__10__ifyouweakenbecausesomepeoplehavetotrymanytimesbeforetheyfinallyquitsmoking.Nevergiveupandyouwillmakeit.答案：1.stressful

2.benefits

3.Throwaway

3.quit

5.feellike

6.busy

7.nervous

8.chemist

9.keeptrying10．a(chǎn)shamed1．ban1)v.①明令禁止；取締Thegovernmenthasbannedtheuseofchemicalweapons.政府已經(jīng)禁止使用化學(xué)武器。②～sbfromsth/fromdoingsth禁止某人做某事(或去某處等)She'sbeenbannedfromdrivingforsixmonths.已禁止她開車，為期六個(gè)月。2)n.～(onsth)禁令①Thereisabanonsmokinginthetheatre.這劇院內(nèi)禁止吸煙。②Thepoliceliftedthebanagainstparkinginthisstreet.警察取消了不準(zhǔn)在這條街上停車的禁令。【詞語辨析】ban,forbid,prohibit這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞均含有“禁止”之意。1)ban語氣最強(qiáng)，指權(quán)威機(jī)關(guān)明文取消或禁止嚴(yán)重危害公眾利益的事或行為，含“嚴(yán)厲譴責(zé)”之意，只能用事物作其賓語。Swimmingisbannedinthislake.這個(gè)湖里不準(zhǔn)游泳。2)forbid通俗用語，指直接地、面對(duì)面地吩咐不許他人采取某種行動(dòng)。Thedoctorforbidshimtosmoke.醫(yī)生禁止他吸煙。3)prohibit正式用詞，多指通過法律手段或制訂規(guī)則加以禁止。Thelawprohibitsstoresfromsellingcigarettestochildren.法律禁止商店向兒童出售香煙?！局R(shí)運(yùn)用】采用prohibit,forbid或ban的適當(dāng)形式填空：①Thenewmilitarygovernmenthas________strikesanddemonstrations.②Theirfather________themtogo.③Thehighcostofthemachine______itswidespreaduse.④Ican't________you/yourseeingthatmanagain.⑤Womenwearshortsare________fromvisitingthetemple.⑥Theythreatenedto________thebook.答案：①banned譯文：新的軍人政府禁止罷工和示威活動(dòng)。②forbade譯文：他們的父親禁止他們?nèi)?。③prohibits譯文：這機(jī)器價(jià)格昂貴，很難普及使用。④forbid譯文：我無法禁止你再和那個(gè)男人來往。⑤prohibit譯文：禁止穿著短褲的婦女進(jìn)入寺院。⑥ban譯文：他們威脅要禁止該書。2．due(adj.)1)～tosth/sb由于；因?yàn)門heteam'ssuccesswaslargelyduetoherefforts.該隊(duì)的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。2)～(todosth)|～(forsth)預(yù)訂；預(yù)期；預(yù)計(jì)Theboatisduetoarriveat12.船預(yù)計(jì)在12點(diǎn)到。3)到期Myrentisn'tduetillWednesday.我的租金星期三才到期。4)～(tosb)應(yīng)支付；應(yīng)給予；應(yīng)歸于Thatmoneyisduetome,butIhaven'tgotityet.那筆錢是應(yīng)付給我的，而我至今還未拿到。5)～(for)sth應(yīng)有；應(yīng)得的Shewasdueforarise.她該加薪了?！驹~語辨析】dueto,becauseof,thanksto,owingto,asa/theresultof這幾個(gè)短語都可以用來表示“原因”。1)dueto用于較莊重的書面語中，側(cè)重“起因于”，在句中多作表語，狀語或后置定語。有人認(rèn)為在動(dòng)詞之后或從句之首用owingto表示“因?yàn)椤备线m，因?yàn)閐ue為形容詞。①Theaccidentwasdueto/owingtohisdrivingathighspeed.這起交通事故是由于他高速開車引起的。②Hewaslateowingto/duetotheveryheavytraffic.他遲到是因?yàn)榻煌〒頂D。③Mistakesduetocarelessmayhaveseriousconsequences.由于疏忽大意造成的錯(cuò)誤可能會(huì)帶來嚴(yán)重的后果。2)becauseof介詞短語，用于名詞、代詞，形容詞或賓語從句前，著重某種原因的理由，在句中通常作狀語。①Thepoliceareadvisingmotoriststoreducespeedbecauseofthefog.由于有霧，警察告誡駕車者減慢速度。②Becauseofthestormhedidn'tgothere.因?yàn)楸╋L(fēng)雨他沒有去那兒。3)thanksto突出一種感激之情，含“多虧”意味。只能作狀語；既可用于褒義又可用于貶義，表示諷刺的口吻。①Itwasallagreatsuccess——thankstoalotofhardwork.由于盡心竭力，這才獲得了巨大的成功。②Everyoneknowsaboutitnow,thankstoyou.多虧了你，現(xiàn)在大家都知道了。4)owingto可以和dueto換用，但在句中多作狀語，也可作表語。作狀語時(shí)修飾整個(gè)句子，可用于句首或句末，與句子的其他成分用逗號(hào)隔開。①Theycouldnotcrosstheriverowingtotheflood.由于洪水，他們不能過河。②Owingto/Duetotheheavytraffic,hewaslate.因交通擁擠，他遲到了。③Tom'sfailingintheexamwasowingtohiscareless.湯姆由于粗心而考試不及格。5)asa/theresultof表示“由于……；作為……的結(jié)果”，在句中作狀語。①Hisillnessisa/theresultof(eating)badfood.他的病是吃了變質(zhì)的食物的結(jié)果。②Hewaslateasaresultofthesnow.他由于下雪遲到了?！局R(shí)運(yùn)用】(1)(2007浙江－19)Theopen-aircelebrationhasbeenputoff________thebadweather.A．incaseof

B．inspiteofC．insteadof D．becauseof答案：D本題題意：由于天氣惡劣，戶外慶?；顒?dòng)被推遲了。becauseof表示“因?yàn)椤薄?2)Accidents________drivingathighspeedwereverycommonthatweekend.A．dueto B．becauseof C．thanksto D．owingto答案：A本題題意：在那個(gè)周末，因高速駕駛造成的交通事故很多。dueto可直接用于名詞之后，擔(dān)任定語。(3)(2008福建永安市)________whathasrecentlybeendonetoprovidemorebusesforthepeople,ashortageofpublicvehicles(交通工具)remainsaseriousproblem.A．Exceptfor B．DuetoC．Becauseof D．Inspiteof答案：D本題題意：盡管(政府)在最近已經(jīng)作出了巨大努力，為市民提供更多的公共車輛，但是公共交通工具短缺仍舊是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題。inspiteof表示“盡管；雖然”。(4)Roseis________startschoolinJanuary.A．thanksto B．duetoC．owingto D．becauseof答案：B本題題意：羅斯一月份就要開始上學(xué)了。beduetodosth/bedueforsth表示“預(yù)定；預(yù)期；預(yù)計(jì)(做)……”。(5)采用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空：①Theplaneisdue________Londonatfive.②Hewasonlytakingbackwhatwasdue________him.③She'sdue________promotionsoon.④Hehadtowithdrawdue________akneeinjury.答案：①at譯文：飛機(jī)定于五點(diǎn)到達(dá)倫敦。②to譯文：他只是拿回了他應(yīng)得的東西。③for譯文：她不久就要晉升了。④to譯文：他因膝傷不得不退出。3．tough(adj.)1)艱苦的；艱難的；棘手的Hehadatoughtimegettingintoagoodcollege.他好不容易才進(jìn)了一所好大學(xué)。2)～(on/withsb/sth)嚴(yán)厲的；強(qiáng)硬的；無情的①Theyareverytoughondrunkdrivers.他們對(duì)酒后駕車者十分嚴(yán)厲。②Policehavebeengettingtoughwithdrivers.警察最近對(duì)司機(jī)嚴(yán)厲起來了。3)堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的；健壯的；能吃苦耐勞的；堅(jiān)韌不拔的Youneedtobetoughtosurviveinthejungle.要在叢林中活下來就要有堅(jiān)忍不拔的意志。4)剽悍的；粗暴的；粗野的Youthinkyou'resotough,don'tyou?你以為自己夠厲害的，是不是？5)堅(jiān)固的；不易切開(或打破、撕破等)的Iboughtatoughpairofshoesspeciallyfortheclimb.我專門為登山買了雙結(jié)實(shí)的鞋子。6)～(onsb)不幸的；倒霉的Itwastoughonherbeingdroppedfromtheteamlikethat.他就這樣被隊(duì)里刷了下來，真是倒霉?！局R(shí)運(yùn)用】(1)It'stimetoget________withfootballhooligans.A．rough B．toughC．strong D．firm答案：B本題題意：現(xiàn)在該對(duì)足球流氓采取強(qiáng)硬措施了。注意：befirmwith表示“對(duì)……嚴(yán)格的”。例如：Parentsmustbefirmwiththeirchildren.父母對(duì)孩子一定要嚴(yán)格。(2)Thegovernmenthaspromisedtogettough________crime.A．in B．onC．a(chǎn)t D．a(chǎn)gainst答案：B本題題意：政府承諾對(duì)犯罪行為采取嚴(yán)厲措施。be/gettough(on/withsb/sth)表示“采取堅(jiān)決態(tài)度；采用強(qiáng)硬手段”。

4．a(chǎn)ddicted(adj.)1)～(tosth)上癮；成癮；有癮Hebecameaddictedtothedrug.他上了毒癮。2)入迷Thechildrenareaddictedtocomputergames.孩子們對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)游戲上了癮?！局R(shí)運(yùn)用】(1)Harryisso________toalcoholthathe'dsellhissoulforabottleofwhisky.A．a(chǎn)ccustomedB．devotedC．buried D．a(chǎn)ddicted答案：D本題題意：哈里如此沉溺于喝酒，結(jié)果他會(huì)為一瓶威士忌而出賣靈魂。beaddicted(tosth)表示“上癮；成癮；有癮”。(2)Itiseasyforstudentstobecomeaddicted________theexcitementoftheseprogramsandneglecttheirhomework.A．with B．inC．on D．to答案：D本題題意：學(xué)生很容易沉溺于這些刺激的節(jié)目中，而忽視了他們的功課。beaddicted(tosth)表示“上癮；成癮；有癮”。5．a(chǎn)ccustomed(adj.)1)～tosth/todoingsth習(xí)慣于……①Igetaccustomedtoworkinginsidetheroomofnoiseandexcitement.我習(xí)慣于在喧鬧的房間里工作。②Sheisn'taccustomedtopublicspeaking.她不太習(xí)慣在公開場(chǎng)合講話。2)通常的；慣常的①Hetookhisaccustomedseatbythefire.他在爐火邊慣常坐的座位上坐了下來。②Hewanderedfarfromtheaccustomedhauntsofboys,andsoughtdesolateplacesthatwereinharmonywithhisspirit.他避開平常孩子們經(jīng)常玩耍出沒的地方，專找適合他此時(shí)心情的僻靜地方?！局R(shí)拓展】accustom(v.)～oneself/sbtosth使習(xí)慣于……①Theyhadtoaccustomthemselvestothehotweather.他們不得不使自己習(xí)慣于炎熱的天氣。②Ihaveaccustomedmyselftoworkinglonghours.我已習(xí)慣于長時(shí)間工作。【知識(shí)運(yùn)用】(1)Accustomedto________thesteepmountains,hehadnodifficultyreachingthetop.A．climbing B．climbC．havingclimbed D．haveclimbed答案：A本題題意：早已習(xí)慣了攀登陡峭的山峰，他毫不費(fèi)力地登上了山頂。getaccustomedto表示“習(xí)慣于”，to為介詞。(2)Justsmileandsaythatafterawhileyouwillusefirstnamesbutyouare________tobeingmoreformalwhenyoufirstmeetsomeone.A．a(chǎn)ccustomed B．subjectiveC．familiar D．a(chǎn)ssociated答案：A本題題意：你可以向?qū)Ψ叫π?，說你已經(jīng)習(xí)慣，初與人見面的時(shí)候總是比較拘謹(jǐn)，過一陣就會(huì)直呼其名字了。beaccustomedto表示“習(xí)慣于”。6．quit(v.)1)～(assth)離開(工作職位、學(xué)校等)；離任；離校①I'mgoingtoquitnextweek.我下星期辭職。②Hequittheshowlastyearbecauseofbadhealth.去年他因?yàn)樯眢w欠佳而退出了表演。2)停止；戒掉①Youmustquitsmoking.Mostimportantofall,youshouldstarttakingexercise.你必須戒煙，更重要的是，你該開始運(yùn)動(dòng)。②Weonlyjuststarted.We'renotgoingtoquitnow.我們才剛剛開始，現(xiàn)在決不放棄。3)離開；遷出；搬離(住處)①Ifhedoesn'tpayhisrent,hewillreceivenoticetoquit.如果他不付房租，他將被通知搬出去。②Wedecideditwastimetoquitthecity.我們當(dāng)時(shí)決定，該離開城市生活了?！驹~語辨析】quit,pause,stop這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞均含有“停止”之意。1)quit指最終徹底停止某事，有時(shí)暗示遭到失敗或面臨挫折。Manypeoplethinkhehasnoreasontoquitthejob,Buthedidwithouthesitation.很多人都認(rèn)為他不應(yīng)該辭去那份工作，但他卻毫不猶豫地辭職了。2)pause指暫時(shí)的、瞬間的停頓，隱含有再進(jìn)行之意。Hepausedwhenheheardstepsbehindhim.他聽到后面有腳步聲便停了下來。3)stop指動(dòng)作、運(yùn)行、進(jìn)展等被停下來，含突然、斷然的意味。Whystoptheentireprocessjustbecausesomethingismissing?為什么停止整個(gè)過程，僅僅是因?yàn)檫z漏了某些內(nèi)容？【知識(shí)運(yùn)用】(1)Ifyouwanttolookgood,getplentyofrest,exerciseeveryday,eatmostlyrawfruitsandvegetables——andquit________.A．worrying B．toworryC．beingworried D．tobeworring答案：A本題題意：如果你想氣色好，就要充分休息，每天堅(jiān)持鍛煉，多吃生水果和蔬菜，而且別發(fā)愁。quit表示“停止；戒掉”，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞擔(dān)任賓語。(2)采用quit,pause或stop的適當(dāng)形式填空：①Whenhehadrunupthehill,he________foraminutetorest.②Willyou________makingthathorriblenoise!③Hegothispresentjobwhenhe________thearmy.④Ihadto________thegatheringinordertobehomebymidnight.⑤Can'tyou______yoursonfromgettingintotrouble?⑥He________foramoment,andthencontinuedhisspeech.答案：①paused/stopped譯文：他跑上小山時(shí)，停下來休息了一會(huì)兒。②stop譯文：你別再弄出那種討厭的響聲來行不行?、踧uitted/quit譯文：他退伍后得到現(xiàn)在這份工作。④quit譯文：為了能在午夜前到家，我不得不離開聚會(huì)。⑤stop譯文：你能不能制止你兒子別惹上麻煩？⑥paused譯文：他停頓了一下然后繼續(xù)講話。7．effect(n.)1)[C&U]～(onsb/sth)效應(yīng)；影響；結(jié)果①Thishadagreateffectuponthefutureofbothmotherandson.這對(duì)母子倆的將來影響很大。②Itriedtopersuadehim,butwithlittleornoeffect.我盡力勸他，他根本不聽。2)[C&U](藝術(shù)家或作家所要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造的特定)外觀；聲響；印象；效果①Thegeneraleffectofthepaintingisoverwhelming.這幅畫給人總的印象是很有氣勢(shì)。②Thestagelightinggivestheeffectofamoonlitscene.舞臺(tái)燈光產(chǎn)生月夜景色的效果?！局R(shí)拓展】1)bring/put/carrysthintopractice使生效；實(shí)行；實(shí)施Thenewsystemwillsoonbeputintoeffect.新系統(tǒng)即將啟用。2)come/gointoeffect生效；開始實(shí)施Thenewseat-beltregulationscameintoeffectlastweek.新的安全帶規(guī)則上周開始實(shí)施。3)haveaneffect/impacton/upon對(duì)……有影響；對(duì)……起作用，產(chǎn)生效果Herillnesshashadabadeffectonherwork.她的病對(duì)工作有很大的影響。4)beof/tonoeffect無效，沒有作用，不中用Wewarnedthem,buttonoeffect.我們警告過他們，但完全沒用。5)causeandeffect因果Itisdifficulttorelatecauseandeffectinthiscase.這個(gè)案件中的動(dòng)機(jī)與效果很難聯(lián)系起來。6)ineffect①實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上Thetwomethodsareineffectidentical.這兩種方法實(shí)際上是一樣的。②(法律或規(guī)則)在實(shí)施中；有效TheoldtaxregulationswillremainineffectuntilnextJune.舊稅法到明年六月前仍然有效。7)takeeffect

①開始起作用；見效Themedicinequicklytookeffect.藥很快見效了。②生效；開始實(shí)施ThecontracttakeseffectasofOctober1.本合同從十月一日起生效?！驹~語辨析】effect，affect,influence這些詞均含“影響”之意。1)effect表示“影響”時(shí)，用作名詞。Punishmenthadverylittleeffectonhim.懲罰對(duì)他沒有什么效果。2)affect指“產(chǎn)生的影響之大足以引起反應(yīng)”，著重“影響”的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)含有“對(duì)……產(chǎn)生不利影響”的意思，其主語通常是物而不是人。Thisarticlewillaffectmythinking.這篇文章將會(huì)影響我的思想。3)influence側(cè)重在思想、性格、行為等方面所產(chǎn)生的潛移默化的影響，也可指自然力的影響。Noonecanavoidbeinginfluencedbyadvertisements.誰也不能避免受到廣告的影響。【知識(shí)運(yùn)用】(1)Everythingthathappenshasacauseand________.A．a(chǎn)ffect B．impactC．effect D．influence答案：C本題題意：事情發(fā)生了，就會(huì)有它的前因后果。causeandeffect表示“因果”。(2)Anyoptionsuserssetshouldberemembered,sothattheoptionsremain________effectuntilmanuallychanged.A．with B．onC．in D．upon答案：C本題題意：無論用戶設(shè)置的選項(xiàng)是什么，程序都應(yīng)該記住。這樣一直保留這些選項(xiàng)，直到用戶手工將其改變。ineffect表示“在實(shí)施中；有效”。(3)采用effect,affect或influence的適當(dāng)形式填空：①Idon'twantto________you.Youmustdecideforyourself.②Thechangeinclimatemay________yourhealth.③Alcoholicdrinkcanhaveabad________onyourbody.答案：①

influence譯文：我不想影響你。你必須自行決定。②

affect譯文：氣候的變化可能影響你的健康。③

effect/influence譯文：含酒精的飲料會(huì)對(duì)你身體有很壞的影響。8．strengthen(v.)加強(qiáng)；增強(qiáng)；鞏固①Thewindstrengthenedduringthenight.夜里風(fēng)刮得更大了。②Thecurrentstrengthenedaswemoveddowntheriver.我們順流而下時(shí)，水流更急了。③Difficultystrengthensthemind,aslabordoesthebody.勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)身體；艱難勵(lì)意志?！驹~語辨析】strength,energy,force,power這些名詞均有“力”之意。1)strength指機(jī)體內(nèi)部的能力，是依靠身體組織而存在的力，經(jīng)使用就變?yōu)閒orce.它尤其指承受重物的力量。Forasmallwomanshehassurprisingstrength.她個(gè)子雖小但力大驚人。2)energy用于人時(shí)，指工作時(shí)煥發(fā)出的精力或干勁。Hisworkseemedtolackenergy.他工作似乎缺乏干勁。3)force尤指人或物撞擊或推動(dòng)物體時(shí)所用的力。Hediditwithagreatforce.他用了很大的力才把它做完了。4)power可以用來指人體某部位的力量，但一般不用來指搬動(dòng)或握、托、支撐重物的力量。從物理學(xué)意義上講，power更多指機(jī)械、爆炸或大自然的力量。Therewasalotofpowerbehindthatblow.那一擊的力量很大。【知識(shí)運(yùn)用】(1)Ourobjectistofurther________friendlyrelationsbetweenthetwocountries.A．firm B．weaken C．strengthen D．increase答案：C本題題意：我們的目標(biāo)是進(jìn)一步增進(jìn)我們兩國之間的友好聯(lián)系。strengthen表示“加強(qiáng)；增強(qiáng)；鞏固”。(2)(2006湖北－21)Tomakemembersofateamperformbetter,thetrainerfirstofallhastoknowtheir______andweaknesses.A．strengths B．benefitsC．techniques D．values答案：A本題題意：為了使隊(duì)員們表現(xiàn)得更加出色，教練首先要了解他們的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)和弱點(diǎn)。strength表示“優(yōu)勢(shì)；優(yōu)點(diǎn)；長處”。例如：Beforeusingit,youshouldbeawareofthestrengthsandweaknessesoftheargument.在使用一個(gè)論據(jù)之前，你應(yīng)該明白它的有力之處和薄弱之處。(3)采用strength,energy,force或power的適當(dāng)形式填空：①Sittingouthere,youreallycanfeelthe________ofthesun.②Ihavehardlyenough________lefttomovemyfeet.③Youngpeopleusuallyhavemore________thantheold.

④Thesolarcellcanconvertthe________ofsunlightintoelectricenergy.⑤1,500-meterraceishis________.⑥The________oftheexplosionbrokeallthewindowsinthebuilding.⑦Shelosther________ofspeech.⑧Thesoldierstooktheprisonersawayby________.

答案：①

power譯文：本題題意：坐在這里，你可以感到太陽的力量。power表示“力；力量；能量”。②

strength譯文：我連移動(dòng)雙腳的力氣都幾乎沒有了。strength表示“體力；力氣；力量”。③

energy譯文：青年人通常比老年人精力充沛些。energy表示“精力；活力；干勁”。④

energy譯文：太陽能電池能把陽光的能量轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。energy表示“能源”。⑤strength譯文：一千五百米賽跑是他的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)。strength表示“優(yōu)勢(shì)；優(yōu)點(diǎn)；長處”。⑥

force譯文：爆炸的力量震碎了這座建筑上的所有窗戶。force表示“力；力量”。⑦

power譯文：她失去了說話的能力。power表示“(身體、心智的)某種能力”。⑧

force譯文：士兵們強(qiáng)行把犯人帶走了。force表示“武力；暴力”。9．desperate(adj.)1)(因絕望而)不惜冒險(xiǎn)的，不顧一切的，拼命的Adesperatemanwillstopatnothingtogetwhathewants.一個(gè)亡命之徒為了達(dá)到自己的目的什么事都做得出來。2)(行為)絕望的；孤注一擲的；鋌而走險(xiǎn)的Hewasdesperatewhenhelostallhismoney.當(dāng)他丟了所有的錢時(shí)，他絕望了。3)～(forsth)|～(todosth)非常需要；極想；渴望Hewasdesperateforworktoprovideforalargefamily.他渴望有個(gè)工作，掙錢供養(yǎng)子女眾多的家。4)極嚴(yán)重的；極危險(xiǎn)的；很危急的Theyfaceadesperateshortageofcleanwater.他們面臨無污染水源的嚴(yán)重短缺?！局R(shí)運(yùn)用】(1)Themanlostinthedesertwasdesperate______water.A．with B．overC．for D．on答案：C本題題意：在沙漠中迷失方向的人極度渴望得到水。bedesperateforsth表示“非常需要……；渴望……”。(2)Suddenly,hewasawakenedbyakindof________cryforhelp.A．desperate B．hopefulC．fantastic D．incredible答案：A本題題意：突然，他被一種絕望的呼救聲吵醒了。adesperatecryforhelp表示“絕望的呼救聲”。10．disappoint(v.)1)使失望Don'tdisappointmebybeinglateagain.別再遲到了，不要叫我失望。2)使破滅；使落空Thisdisappointedhisplans.這件事打亂了他的計(jì)劃。【知識(shí)拓展1】1)disappointed(adj.)失望的；沮喪的；失意的①Shewasdisappointedtolearnthatshehadfailedthecourse.她沮喪地得知那門課沒有考及格。②Wearedisappointedthatyouwillnotbeabletocome.你不能前來，我們很失望。2)disappointing(adj.)令人失望的；令人沮喪的；令人掃興的①Theweatherthissummerhasbeendisappointing.今年夏天的天氣一直使人不痛快。②Itwasdisappointingnottobeabletogooutafterall.結(jié)果不能出去，真掃興?！局R(shí)拓展2】1)bedisappointedabout為……失望I'mdisappointedabout/atJohnnotcoming.約翰沒來，我很失望。2)bedisappointedat因……失望They'redisappointedat/withtheresult.他們對(duì)結(jié)果感到失望。3)bedisappointedby由于……而失望Iwasslightlydisappointedbyherattitude.她的態(tài)度讓我有點(diǎn)失望。4)bedisappointedin對(duì)……失望He'sdisappointedin/withhisdaughter.他對(duì)女兒很失望。5)bedisappointedwith對(duì)……失望We'redisappointedwith/inthenewcar.我們對(duì)這輛新車感到失望?！局R(shí)運(yùn)用】(1)Tomwasnomore______thandisappointed________thisnews.A．surprised;at B．surprsing;atC．surprised;withD．surprising;with答案：A本題題意：湯姆聽見那消息既不驚訝也不失望。surprised表示“感到驚訝的”，用來表示“人”所處的一種心理狀態(tài)。此外，bedisappointedat表示“因……失望”。(2)采用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空：①M(fèi)yparentswillbedisappointed________meifIfailtogetthemasterdegree.②Areyouverydisappointed________losingthegame?③Iwasdisappointed________theattitudeofthebanks.答案：①

in/with譯文：如果我得不到碩士文憑，我的父母將對(duì)我感到失望。②

about/at譯文：你是不是因?yàn)楸荣愝斄硕械胶苁?？?/p>

by譯文：我對(duì)銀行的態(tài)度感到失望。11．a(chǎn)shamed(adj.)1)～(ofsth/sb/oneself)|～(that...)|～(tobesth)慚愧；羞愧；尷尬①Heisashamedof/athisbehavior/ofhavingbehavedsobadly.他為他的行為/他表現(xiàn)得那樣惡劣感到慚愧。②Hisdaughterlookedsuchamessthathewasashamedofher.他為女兒的邋遢樣子感到害羞。③Youshouldbeashamedofyourselffortellingsuchlies.你應(yīng)該為說這些謊話而感到羞恥。④IfeelashamedthatIhaven'twrittenforsolong.我很久未曾寫信，甚為慚愧。⑤ThefootballriotsmademeashamedtobeEnglish.足球騷亂事件使我身為英國人汗顏得無地自容。2)～todosth因慚愧而不情愿；因?qū)擂味銖?qiáng)①Hefelttooashamedtoaskforhelp.他不好意思請(qǐng)求幫助。②I'mashamedtoletyouseemypaintings.讓你看我的畫，很難為情。【知識(shí)拓展】1)beashamedabout因……而羞愧I'vedonenothingtobeashamedabout.我沒有做任何虧心事。2)beashamedat因……感到羞愧Hewasslightlyashamedathavingrunaway.他為自己逃跑感到有點(diǎn)羞愧。3)beashamedof為……感到慚愧Shewasashamedofwhatshehaddone.她為自己的所作所為感到慚愧。【知識(shí)運(yùn)用】(1)IbehavedbadlyyesterdayandIamashamed______myselfnow.A．of B．a(chǎn)tC．a(chǎn)bout D．over答案：A本題題意：我昨天表現(xiàn)不好，我現(xiàn)在感到很慚愧。beashamedof表示“為……感到慚愧”。(2)Shewasashamed________suchasimplequestion.A．a(chǎn)sking B．tobeaskingC．toask D．havingasked答案：C本題題意：她不好意思提這么簡(jiǎn)單的問題。beashamedtodosth表示“因慚愧而不情愿做某事；因?qū)擂味銖?qiáng)做某事”。1．takesboff1)換下；終止；取消Hewastakenoffaftertwentyminutes.二十分鐘后，他被替換下場(chǎng)。2)(以詼諧的方式)模仿；學(xué)某人的樣子MarycantakeoffherEnglishteacherperfectly.瑪麗模仿她的英文老師惟妙惟肖?！局R(shí)拓展】1)takeoff①(飛機(jī)等)起飛Theplaneistakingoff.飛機(jī)要起飛了。②匆匆離去；匆忙離開Hegrabbedhisbagandtookoffforthemeeting.他抓起包就匆匆忙忙地去開會(huì)了。③(觀念、產(chǎn)品等)突然大受歡迎；迅速流行Thenewmagazinehasalreadytakenoff.這份新雜志真是大受歡迎。2)takesthoff①脫下(衣服)；摘掉Helpmetotakethishandleoff.幫我取下這個(gè)把手。②休假；休息ItookaweekoffinMarchandI'mtakingEasteroff,too.我在3月份休息了一周，還要在復(fù)活節(jié)休假。③取消；停演Theplaywastakenoffaftersixperformances.這出戲演了6場(chǎng)后停演了。④剪掉(頭發(fā));截去；切除(人體部位)Thesurgeontookoffhisarm.外科醫(yī)生截除了他的手臂。3)takesthoffsth①扣除，減去(款額，分?jǐn)?shù)等)Asthecoverofthebookwastorn,thebooksellertook￥5off.因?yàn)槟潜緯姆馄ひ哑?，店主把書減價(jià)五元錢。②停止銷售Doctorsrecommendedthattheslimmingpillsshouldbetakenoffthemarket.醫(yī)生建議市場(chǎng)上應(yīng)該停止銷售這種減肥藥片?！局R(shí)運(yùn)用】采用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空：①Theynolongerhavetotake________largenumbersoftemporaryworkerstodotheharvesting.②Watchthatbirdtaking________fromthebranch!③Don'ttrustthatfellow;he'lltakeyou________ifhegetsthechance.④Theytooktheinjured________inanambulance.⑤Hewouldneitherapologizenortake________whathehadsaid.⑥Theytook________theoldhouseinordertobuildanewone.⑦I'msorrytohavetaken________somuchofyourvaluabletime.⑧The7amexpresstoLondonwillbetaken______nextmonth.答案：①

on譯文：他們?cè)僖膊槐毓陀么罅颗R時(shí)工來收割農(nóng)作物。②

off譯文：注意看那只鳥從枝頭飛起來?、?/p>

in譯文：別相信那個(gè)家伙，他一有機(jī)會(huì)就會(huì)使你上當(dāng)。④

away譯文：他們用救護(hù)車把受傷的人運(yùn)走。⑤

back譯文：他既不肯道歉，又不肯收回他說過的話。⑥down譯文：他們拆掉那老房子，以便建一幢新房。⑦

up譯文：占用了你那么多寶貴時(shí)間，真抱歉。⑧

off譯文：上午7點(diǎn)開往倫敦的快車下月將取消。2．decideon/uponsth決定；選定①Peterdecidedonabluesweater.彼得選定了一件藍(lán)色的運(yùn)動(dòng)衫。②Thenweshalldecideonthestepstobetakenimmediately.然后我們來決定應(yīng)該立刻采取什么辦法?！局R(shí)運(yùn)用】(1)First,wemust________onthelocationofournewswimmingpool.A．concentrate B．determineC．decide D．fix答案：C本題題意：我們先得給新游泳池選個(gè)地點(diǎn)。decideon/uponsth表示“決定；選定”。(2)Itisalwayspossiblethatthejudgemaydecide______you.A．on B．towards C．off D．a(chǎn)gainst答案：D本題題意：法官判你敗訴總是有可能的。decidefor/againstsb表示“作出對(duì)某人有利/不利的裁決”。3．throwsthaway1)(＝throwsthout)扔掉；丟棄；拋棄①That'srubbish——youcanthrowitaway.那東西沒用——你把它扔了吧。②Weshouldthrowawaythebadhabits.我們應(yīng)該丟棄那些壞習(xí)慣。2)失去；錯(cuò)過；浪費(fèi)；白費(fèi)①Hethrewawayachancetomakeafortunebyhisstupidity.由于愚蠢，他喪失賺大錢的機(jī)會(huì)。②Myadvicewasthrownaway/wastedonhim.我對(duì)他的勸告全都浪費(fèi)了。【知識(shí)拓展】1)throwsthabout亂拋Don'tthrowlitteraboutlikethat.不要亂扔雜物。2)throw...at...向……扔去Stopthrowingstonesatthatdog!別再向那條狗扔石子了！3)throwsthtosb向……投去Hequicklythrewtheballtoanotherplayer.他迅速把球傳給了另一名球員。4)throwup嘔吐Thesmellmademewanttothrowup.這味道使我想嘔吐。5)throwoneselfinto...投身于；熱衷于；積極從事Manywomenthrowalloftheirenergiesintoacareer.許多婦女把她們的全部精力投入到職業(yè)中。6)throwoneselfatsth/sb沖向(人或物)；向……猛撲過去；撒嬌；獻(xiàn)媚；勾引某人Tomthrowhimselfatyoursisterattheparty.湯姆在晚會(huì)上極力向你妹妹討好?！局R(shí)運(yùn)用】采用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空：①Hethrewtheball________me,andIcaughtit.②Qiqiwantstohaveasnowballfight.Hethrowsasnowball________hisfriend'sgarden.“I'vegotlotsofsnowballstothrow________you.”shoutsQiqi.③Dickwassocrazy________Janethathethrewhimself________herfeet.Janewassweptoffherfeetandthey'regettingmarriednextTuesday.④Oh,whatafoolshewastowasteherlife,tothrow________herchanceofhappiness.⑤Hethrewhimself________workoncehegotbackfromhisholidays.⑥Youshouldn'tbethrowingyourmoney________?、逥on'tthrowwaste-paper________.⑧Youarethrowingyourmoney________，buyingsuchuselessthings.⑨Margaretfeltfreetobringinthepeopleshewantedandtothrow________thoseshedidn't.⑩You'rereallygoingtothrow________thisdeliciousfruit?Whatashame!?Uponseeingtheirashenfaces,MissAmeisaid,“Didyouthrow________？?Theteacherkeptthrowingquestions________him.答案：①to譯文：他把球扔給我，我接住了。②into;at譯文：奇奇想打雪仗。他把一個(gè)雪球扔進(jìn)了他朋友的院子里?！拔乙雍枚嗪枚嘌┣蚪o你?！逼嫫婧爸＂踑bout;at譯文：迪克實(shí)在是愛簡(jiǎn)，他完全拜倒在她的石榴裙下。這一下使得簡(jiǎn)感到飄飄然，不由自主了。他們竟然決定下星期二就結(jié)婚。④away譯文：啊，她這樣浪費(fèi)生命，拋開幸福的機(jī)運(yùn)，是多么愚蠢！⑤into譯文：他度假一回來就投身于工作。⑥about/away譯文：你不應(yīng)該亂花錢/浪費(fèi)錢?、遖bout譯文：不要亂扔廢紙。⑧away/about譯文：你買這些沒有用的東西是在浪費(fèi)錢。⑨out譯文：瑪格麗特覺得可以毫無顧忌地任命自己想要任命的人，辭去自己不喜歡的人。⑩away/out譯文：你真的要丟掉這美味的水果？真可惜！?up譯文：阿美姑娘瞧他們臉色灰白，說：“吐了么？”?at譯文：老師一直向他發(fā)問。4．feellike1)想要①Idon'tfeellikeacupoftea.我不想喝茶。②We'llgoforawalkifyoufeellikeit.如果你愿意，我們?nèi)ド⑸⒉?。③IfeellikegoingtoEuropeforavisitnextsummervacation.我好想明年暑假去一趟歐洲。④Ifeltlikelaughingatthejoke.聽了這個(gè)笑話，我想笑。2)摸起來好像是……；覺得好像是……①I'mholdingsomethingthatfeelslikeapotato.我拿著一個(gè)摸上去像土豆的東西。②Shefeltlikeafool.她覺得自己好像是個(gè)大笨蛋。③Hefeelslikethathehasneverbeentosuchaplace.他感覺好像從未到過這樣一個(gè)地方。④Itfeelslikerainsoon.好像馬上就要下雨了?！局R(shí)拓展】wouldlike/love/prefer(todosth)愿意(或喜歡)……①Itseemstomethathewouldliketogobackhome.我覺得他好像想要回家。②Iwouldliketogiveyousomeadviceinthenameofafriend.我愿意以朋友的名義給你一些建議。③Isthereanyparticularcolouryouwouldprefer?你有什么特別喜歡的顏色嗎？④Thisbabywouldlovetohaveyousinghertosleep.這個(gè)孩子就喜歡你用催眠曲把她送入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)。【知識(shí)運(yùn)用】(1)—Doyoufeellike________thereorshallwetakeabus?—I'dliketowalk.Butsincethereisn'tmuchtimeleft,I'dratherwe________ataxi.A．towalk;hire B．walking;hireC．towalk;hired D．walking;hired答案：D本題題意：“你想步行去那兒，還是我們乘坐公共汽車去？”“我愿意步行去，可是既然沒有多少時(shí)間了，我看還是租一輛出租車算了?！眆eellikedoingsth表示“想要做某事：”。wouldrather(that)sbdid/haddone...表示“寧愿某人……”，如果表示“現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼睍r(shí)間概念，謂語動(dòng)詞采用一般過去時(shí)；表達(dá)“過去”時(shí)間概念，則采用過去完成時(shí)。(2)Wait.We'renotfinishedwithyou.Nowyou'regoingtofindoutwhatit______togetkickedoffMt.Everest!A．feelslike B．wouldlikeC．wouldrather D．lookslike答案：A本題題意：且慢，你的事還沒有了結(jié)呢？現(xiàn)在要你嘗嘗在珠穆朗瑪峰被一腳踢下來是什么滋味。feellike表示“覺得好像是……”。1．Everytimeyoufeellikesmokingacigarette,remindyourselfthatyouareanon-smoker.每當(dāng)你想要吸煙的時(shí)候，你就提醒你自己，你(已經(jīng))是不吸煙的人了?！局R(shí)剖析】everytime(that...)表示“每次”，是一個(gè)名詞性詞組，在復(fù)合句中引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。例如：①Hegoesthroughthewholeperformanceofcheckingtheoilandwatereverytimehedrivesthecar.他每次開汽車都總是不厭其煩地把油和水整個(gè)檢查一遍。②Everytimeyoupaytherent,itistheexactsameamount!每次你付的租金數(shù)量是完全相同的！【知識(shí)拓展】1)themoment,anymoment,theminute,theinstant,everytime,eachtime,anytime，(the)nexttime,bythetime,thefirsttime,thelasttime等名詞詞組引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。①Youarewelcometocomebackanytimeyouwantto.你想回來隨時(shí)可回來。②EachtimehecametoHarbin,hewouldcallonme.他每次來哈爾濱，總是來看我。③Irecognizedhimthe(very)momentIsawhim.我一看見他就認(rèn)出來了。④Nexttimeyoucome,doremembertobringyoursonhere.下次你來的時(shí)候，一定帶你兒子同來。⑤BythetimewereachedBeijingGardens,theplacewasinchaos.我們到達(dá)北京花園路時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)那里一片混亂。⑥ThefirsttimeIgottotheisland,Iwasamazedbyitsbeauty.第一次到這座島的時(shí)候，我就為它的魅力而感到驚異。⑦ThelasttimeshesawJames,hewaslyinginbed.她最后一次看到詹姆斯時(shí)，他躺在床上。2)directly,immediately,instantly等副詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。①Wecamedirectlywegotyourtelephone.我們一接到你的電話就趕來了。②Theyphonedimmediatelytheyarrivedhome.他們到家后馬上打了電話。③IrecognizedherinstantlyIsawher.我一看見她就把她認(rèn)出來了?！局R(shí)運(yùn)用】(1)(2009北京－30)WhenItalkedwithmygrandmaonthephone,shesoundedweak,butbythetimewe________up,hervoicehadbeenfulloflife.A．werehanging B．hadhung C．hung D．wouldhang答案：C本題題意：當(dāng)我在電話中與我奶奶交談時(shí)，她說話有氣無力，但是當(dāng)我們掛斷電話的時(shí)侯，她的聲音卻充滿了活力。bythetime表示“到……的時(shí)候”，引導(dǎo)