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2023中考英語閱讀理解專題復(fù)習(xí)

要領(lǐng):(回歸原文定位)

【一)中考閱讀理解的考查方式

1.五大題型

1)、主旨題要求在理解全文后歸納短文大意,概括中心思想或選擇短文的標(biāo)題。

、細(xì)節(jié)題即平時我們所說的和

2)"W"(who,whatwhere,when;why.Which)"H"(how)

問題

3)、詞意題主要測試考生是否理解了文章的詞義,一般情況下,正確答案就是對所詢問的

詞,詞組或句子的復(fù)述或解釋。

4)、推斷題主要測試考生利用文章所給的信息進(jìn)行推理判斷的能力。一般是根據(jù)文章的有關(guān)

事實(shí),對作者意圖,態(tài)度以及作者言外之意,進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推理判斷

5)、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題這一類考題大都要求考生就作者對論述對象持什么樣的態(tài)度做出推斷,如

作者對所陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對,還是猶豫不定,對記述或描寫的人、物或事件是贊頌、

同情、冷漠,還是厭惡。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出來,而往往隱含

在字里行間。因此,進(jìn)行這種推斷時,我們既要依靠短文的主題思想作為推力的前提,又要

注意作者的措辭,尤其是形容詞一類的修飾語。

2.具體形式

(1)任務(wù)型閱讀。

(2)根據(jù)所讀文章內(nèi)容選擇正確答案。

【二)中考閱讀理解命題特點(diǎn)

試題的選材貼近考生的生活,時代氣息濃郁。所選文章的體裁多樣化。記敘文,說議論文,

應(yīng)用文,對話,圖表,廣告,小品等。

1.題材具有廣泛性。涉及日常生活,社會,政治,經(jīng)濟(jì),文化,科技,地理,歷史,人物傳

記,風(fēng)土人情,實(shí)用文體等。

2.題量大,分值高。

3.試題難度適中,符合大多數(shù)考生英語水平。

三中考閱讀理解解題策略及方法

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

嚴(yán)格按照三步走:首先看題目,劃出關(guān)鍵詞,區(qū)分不同選項(xiàng);其次根據(jù)所劃關(guān)鍵詞回歸原文

定位;最后比對原文和選項(xiàng),選出正確答案。一般難句都是出題點(diǎn),這是應(yīng)注意文中的同位

語,破折號,括號,省略號等。

設(shè)題方式

1)Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

2)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?

3)Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat.

4)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)__?

解題秘訣(回扣原文)

正確答案的特點(diǎn):與原文情節(jié)表達(dá)手法不同,但所表達(dá)的意思相同。

干擾選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn):

1.是原文信息,但與題目要求不符;

2.符合常識,但不符合原文內(nèi)容;

3.與原文情節(jié)極為相似,只是在程度上有些變動;

4.選項(xiàng)中所提供的信息局部正確,局部錯誤;

5.在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。

2.詞義推理題。

我們可以利用閱讀材料的信息,結(jié)合上下文來判斷其特定含義,或者根據(jù)句子的語法關(guān)系分

析、挖掘其含義。

設(shè)題方式

⑴thewordInthepassageprobablymeans.

⑵Theword'、???〃isclosedinmeaningto.

(3)couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

⑷Inthestorytheunderlinedword”…〃means

(5)Here“it〃means

(6)Theexpression/phrase”…〃means

(7)Theunderlinedword“it〃inthepassagerefersto.

解題秘訣(通過詞根詞綴詞綴推測生詞的含義。通過上下文推測生詞的含義。通過語法關(guān)

系推測生詞的含義。)

3,推理判斷題

考查短文中對作者意圖或文章中人物觀點(diǎn)的理解,以及能從短文內(nèi)容中推斷出結(jié)論和作者的

弦外之音等。對此要求學(xué)生把握住兩點(diǎn):一答案來源于原文,但不等同于原文;二是答案必

須要忠實(shí)于原文,不能主觀臆斷。

常見的設(shè)問形式:

⑴wecaninferfromthepassagethat

(2)Wecanguessthewriterofthelettermaybe

(3)Fromtheletterwe'relearnedthatit'svery

⑷Fromthestorywecanguess

(5)Whatwouldbehappyif…

(6)Thewriterbelievesthat

(7)Thewritersuggeststhat

解題秘訣(依據(jù)原文認(rèn)真比擬選項(xiàng)。)

以原文內(nèi)容為前提,據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)理論(非考生觀點(diǎn)),客觀地對文中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或

事例給予合理的邏輯推斷,做出一定解釋。

如果選項(xiàng)中有兩個或兩個以上的選項(xiàng)都是成立的推理,那么選與原文主題最接近的答案。

4.主旨大意題

這類題是指那些針對文章的主要內(nèi)容,主題,標(biāo)題或?qū)懽髂康乃O(shè)的問題。

設(shè)題方式

(1)What'sthepassagemainlyabout?

(2)What'sthemainideaofthispassage?

(3)What'sthetopicofthisarticle?

(4)What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?

(5)Thepurposeofthispassageisto

(6)Thearticlehasbeenwrittentoexplain

(7)Wecanlearnfrom

⑻Wecaninferfromthispassage.

解題秘訣(抓主題句)高頻詞,關(guān)鍵詞A+關(guān)鍵詞B+…?;不能太大;不能太小

干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn):

1.以偏概全。干擾項(xiàng)只闡述了文章的一局部內(nèi)容,也就是文章的局部信息。

2.斷章取義。干擾項(xiàng)常常以文章中的個別信息或個別字眼作為選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置內(nèi)容,或者以次

要的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)冒充全文的主要觀點(diǎn)。

3.主題擴(kuò)大。干擾項(xiàng)所歸納、概括的范圍過大,超過文章實(shí)際所討論的內(nèi)容。

4.張冠李戴。命題者有意地把屬于A的特征放在B的身上,構(gòu)成一個干擾項(xiàng)??忌蛔⒁?/p>

的情況下,會造成錯選答案。

5.無中生有或似是而非。有的干擾項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞語好似在文章中談到了,但認(rèn)真分析之后

你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這類干擾項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容與文章的內(nèi)容毫無聯(lián)系。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題

設(shè)題方式

Thewriter'sattitudetoward...is.

Howdidthewriterfeel

作者在描述事實(shí)或傳遞信息時,不管他的意圖是什么,其觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度都不可防止地在文章中反

映出來。常見的涉及到作者態(tài)度的詞有褒義類此(approving,positive,optimisticjavorable

貶義類詞和中性類此

supportive},(negative,critical,pessimistic,)(impartial,objective,neutral)o

不是解的選項(xiàng)indifferent漠不關(guān)心的subjective主觀的unconcerned不關(guān)心的

contemptuous輕蔑的,hostile敵對的,biased片面的

閱讀理解解題方法:

方法1.順序法。即先看文章,然后看試題,再回到文章查找有關(guān)信息。該法適合于解題時間

充足,文章篇幅較長,需要獲取的信息較多或需要對全篇進(jìn)行整體理解的場合。閱讀時一般

采取快速閱讀法注意關(guān)鍵詞句和段落,找準(zhǔn)主線,掌握大意,并能記住主要細(xì)節(jié)的分布點(diǎn)。

2.逆向法。即先看試題,了解試題題干以及各個選項(xiàng)所包含的信息,然后有針對地對文章進(jìn)

行掃讀,對相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位,再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合,分析,比照。有根據(jù)地排除

干擾項(xiàng),選出正確答案。該法有較大的針對性和準(zhǔn)確性。適合于時間較緊,文章篇幅不長,

需要獲取信息不多,試題與文章聯(lián)系緊密,不需要做深層次的理解3.標(biāo)注法。即在通讀短文

和試題后,標(biāo)注中心句并與試題有關(guān)的詞句,段標(biāo)注相應(yīng)的題號。該法具有很大的針對性

和穩(wěn)妥性,便于對照分析和復(fù)查驗(yàn)證。有些學(xué)生在閱讀時喜歡在不認(rèn)識的單詞以及不理解的

句子,段落下面劃線或打上標(biāo)記,這是一個不好的習(xí)慣,應(yīng)以摒棄。

加快閱讀速度技巧:

擴(kuò)大視距。要以意群為單位,注重對整句話的理解,擴(kuò)大注視空間。帶問題閱讀:先瀏覽短

文后面的題目,做到心中有數(shù),帶著目的去閱讀,以提高閱讀實(shí)效。

注意:題目中否認(rèn)詞

A

EmmahasjustfinishedtravellingaloneinEurope.Areyouinterestedinherjourney?Let's

readsomeofhertraveldiaries.

41.Emmawaslookingforwardtothistravelbecause.

A.shehadnevertakenatrainridebefore

B.shecoulddoanythingshelikedonthejourney

C.shehopedtokeepherselfawayfromthebusylife

42.Fromthepassage,wecanknowSalzburgisagreatplacefor..

A.enjoyingclassicalmusic

B.buyingchildren'sbooks

C.visitinghistorymuseums

43.InAmsterdam,she

A.climbedthebeautifulmountains

B.traveledalongtheriverinaboat

C.wrotesomepostcardsinherhotel

44.Shedidn'tneedtoworryabouthersafetyinCopenhagenbecause.

A.therewasverylittlecrimethere

B.thecitywasfulloffriendlypeople

C.shethoughtshewascarefulenough.

B

WhenIopenedmye-mailtheotherday,Rachel,aprettywoman,appearedonmy

computerscreen.Shegreetedmebynameandstartedtalkinghappily.Sometimesshestopped

tosmileatmeorblowakiss.Itwascool,right?Infact,shewasreadingtomeane-mailfrom

mybrotherJohn.

RachelcouldbetherebecauseofanewtechnologycalledFacemailletsyousendinafunny

way.Byusingit,youre-mailscanbereadtothereceiverbyanattractivepersonorbya

clown.Youcandownloadthesoftwareatwww.Facemail,comwithoutpaying.Facemailfaces

arelivelyandtheycansimulatetheemotionsthatyouputinyoutext.Forexample,typein?,

andRachelblowsakiss.

LifeFX,thecompanythatdevelopedtheFacemail,issuretherearewidebusinessuses.Why

ise-businessnotsopopularnow?Oneofthereasonsisthatbuyingonlinehasnohuman

touch.ButifyougototheNikewebsite,andthefamousbasketballstarMichaelJordangreets

youbyname,servesyou,andpersonallyclosesthesale,won'tyoubehappy?Also,ifmomcan't

behomewhenkidsgetbackfromschool,shecanleaveanotewithavoiceandpictureonthe

screentotellthemwhatthereistoeat.

It'struethatFacemailmakeslifeeasyandfun,butitshouldbeusedwithcare.Theclown

lookslivelyandfunnyatfirst.Butifyouchoosetheclown,putafewrudewordsinane-mail

andaddsomeangryemotions,you'vegotaPsychomail.

46.Infact,whoisRachel?

A.Sheisaprettyactress.

B.SheisJohn'sgirlfriend.

C.Sheisnotarealperson.

47.WhatisthemainadvantageofFacemail?

A.Youdon'tneedtopayforit.

B.E-mailcanbeattractiveinamorelovelyway.

C.Youcanaskabeautifulwomantoreadthee-mailtoyou.

48.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression"closesthesale"probablymean?

A.停止?fàn)I業(yè)

B.達(dá)成交易

C.取消折扣

49.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Youshould'tchooseaclown.

B.Facemailcanbewidelyusedinbusiness.

C.MomcanshowherkidshowtocookbyFacemail.

50.Whatisthewriter'sattitude(態(tài)度)towardsFacemail?

A.Hethinksit'sadangertotheInternet.

B.Hethinksitneedsfurtherimprovement.

C.Hethinksit'sacoolandfunnytechnology.

C

Letchildrenlearntojudge(半U斷)theirownwork.Achilddoesn'tlearntotalkbybeing

correctedallthetime.Ifheiscorrectedtoomuch,hewillstoptalking.Henoticesathousand

timesadaythedifferencesbetweenthelanguageheusesandthelanguageothersuse.Littleby

little,hemakesthenecessarychangestomakehislanguagelikeotherpeople's.

Inthesameway,childrenlearntodoalltheotherthingswithoutbeingtaught-towalk,

run,climborrideabicycle.Theycomparetheirperformanceswiththoseofmoreskilledpeople,

andslowlymakethechanges.Butinschoolwenevergiveachildachancetofindouthis

mistakesandcorrectthemhimself.Wedoitallforhim.Wethoughtthathewouldnevernotice

amistakeunlessitwaspointedouttohim,tocorrectitunlesshehasmadeto.Soonhebecomes

dependentontheteacher.Lethimworkoutwiththehelpofotherchildrenifhewantsit.

Ifitisamatterinmathorscience,givehimtheanswerbook.Lethimcorrecthisown

papers.Whyshouldweteacherswastetimeonsuchdailywork?Ourjobshouldbetohelpthe

childrenwhentheytellusthathecan'tfindthewaytogettherightanswer.Letthechildren

learnwhatalleducatedpersonsmustlearn,howtomeasure(估量)theirownunderstanding,

howtoknowwhattheyknowordonotknow.

Letthemgetonwiththisjobintheirways.Schoolteachers

canofferhelpiftheyaskforit.Someparentsandteachersareworriedthatthechildrenmight

failtolearnsomethingthattheywillneedtogetintheworld.Don'tworryllfitisimportant,they

willgooutintotheworldandlearnit.

51.Accordingtothepassage,thebestwayforchildrentolearnthingsisby.

A.beingalwayscorrected

B.followingadult'sadvice

C.doingasotherpeopledo

52.Thewriterthinksteachersinschoolshould.

A.encouragestudentstolearnfromeachother

B.teachstudentshowtogettheanswersdirectly

C.tellstudentswhatiswrongasoftenaspossible

53.Theunderlinedsentenceinthethirdparagraphmeans.

A.teacherscan'tcorrectstudents'papers

B.teachersneedn'twastetimeteachingstudentsinclass

C.teachersshouldhelpstudentsimprovetheirlearningability

54.Wecaninfer(推斷)thatfromthepassage.

A.studentscanfaceanychallengeeasily

B.studentscanlearnalotinthereallife

C.studentscangrowupwithoutothers'help

55.Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe.

A.LetUsTeachersStopWorking

B.LetChildrenLearnbyThemselves

C.LetParentsUnderstandTheirKids.

vn.閱讀理解(二)(每題io分,共2。分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從方框內(nèi)的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空

白處的最正確選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑.

A

Recently,averysimplequestionbecamewidelyspreadonline:whatChinashouldbeproud

of?(61)

Lanlan,whoserealnameisNegarKordi,isfromCanada.ShecametoChinafiveyearsago

andisastudentatNingboUniversity.Nowshehas120,OOOfansontheInternetandthenumber

isstillgrowing.

LanlanlovesChinaandChinese,(62)Andthat'swhysheissowellreceivedamongChinese

netfriends.Thefollowingischinainhereyes.

"Itistheeasiestcountryinwhichtofindajob.Ifyouarenottoolazy,itisreallyverysimple

tofindajobinChina.Ibelievethere'remorejobchancesherethaninanyothercountryinthe

wold."

"(63)About400millionChinesearestudyingEnglish.IftheycanspeakgoodEnglishinthe

future,ChinawillhavethegreatestnumberofEnglishspeakersofanynon-Englishspeaking

country."

"ThespeedofChinesetrainsisfast.FromNingbotoBeijing,thetrainruns1,365kilometers

forsevenhoursandtheticketfareisonly595yuan."

"Itspublicsecurityisgreat,(64)Ihavetravelledinmanycountries,andIthinkChinareally

isverysafe."

"TherearemuchmorethingsChinashouldbeproudof.ManyChinesepeopleoftencriticize

(批評)China.Atfirst,Ibelievedthattheydidn'tlikechinaorthattheylovedwestern

countries.Butlater,IrealizedthattheyjustsetaveryhighstandardforChina.(65)

Chinamustbemuchbetterthanothercountries."

A.Theforeignlanguagelevelissurprising.

B.Thiscountryof1.4billionpeoplemakesmefeelsafe.

C.Aforeigngirllivinginchinagaveaverytouchinganswer.

D.Theybelievethatit'snotenoughtobenumberoneintheworld.

E.Shebelieveschinawillbethestrongestcountryintheworldinfuture.

B

閱讀下面圖文,簡要答復(fù)所給問題,并將答案寫在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上.

Accordingtonewresearch,recently,someterribleeventsthatteacherswereabused(辱

罵)onsomewebsitesbystudentshappenedintheUK.Ithadabadinfluenceonschoolsand

thesociety.TheBritishTeachingUniondidasurveyof7500teachers.Wecangetsome

informationfromthefollowingdata(數(shù)據(jù))andknowhowtheteacherswhowereabuseddealt

withtheproblem.

Youknowteachersareoftendestroyedbytheterribleabuse.Somehavelosttheir

confidencetoteachandhaveleftschool.Thesurveyshowedmanyofthebadcommentsrelated

toteachers'looks,abilitiesandbehaviors.We'vegotanotherdatafromit.ItSHOWSthebad

commentsweremadebynotonlystudentsbuttheirparents.Pleaselookatthefollowingchart.

Itisclearthatweshouldtakesomemethodstoprotectteachersfromtheabuse.Wethink

thatthewaytosolvetheproblemisthebetterunderstandingamongteachers,studentsand

parents.Besidesgoodcommunication,respecting(尊敬)eachotherisveryimportant.Ifso,

theycangetonwellwitheachother.

66.Whatresultdidtheseterribleeventsleadtoaccordingtothepassage?

67.FromChartOne,howdid50%oftheteachersdealwiththeabuse?

68.Whatpercentofthebadcommentsweremadebyparentsintotal?

69.Whatisthewaytosolvetheabuseproblemaccordingtothepassage?

(現(xiàn)

70.Afterreadingthepassage9whatdoyouthinkofthiskindofsocialphenomenon

象)?

VIII.詞語運(yùn)用(每題10分,共10分)請根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容,用方框中所給詞的正確形式填空,

使短文

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