三峽大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)與信息學(xué)院標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告（實(shí)驗(yàn)）課程名稱計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)三峽大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)與信息學(xué)院172.16.1.0/24PC-PTPCI.1PC-PT22PC2分析：正確的配置終端設(shè)備（電腦）的IP地址和網(wǎng)關(guān)，和2個(gè)路由器的靜態(tài)路由表后，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)PC機(jī)之間的通信！十、實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論：通過正確的配置后實(shí)現(xiàn)了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連通性。十一、總結(jié)及心得體會(huì)：在整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中，主要是設(shè)置PC機(jī)的IP地址和路由表，通過軟件的仿真，掌握通過靜態(tài)路由方式實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連通性，達(dá)到了實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康摹Ｊ?、?duì)本實(shí)驗(yàn)過程及方法、手段的改進(jìn)建議：由于對(duì)軟件的操作不是很熟悉，導(dǎo)致了實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間用的比較長(zhǎng)，建議老師先把實(shí)驗(yàn)交給我們自己在下面做，到做實(shí)驗(yàn)的時(shí)候，有哪些地方不明白的再問，學(xué)習(xí)的效率會(huì)高些。報(bào)告評(píng)分：指導(dǎo)教師簽字：學(xué)生姓名：鄭國安學(xué)號(hào)：2010114130 指導(dǎo)教師：馬凱實(shí)驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)： 電氣信息樓 實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間：一、實(shí)驗(yàn)室名稱：三、實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)時(shí)：2學(xué)時(shí)四、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理：路由器屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)層設(shè)備，能夠根據(jù)IP包頭的信息，選擇一條最佳路徑，將數(shù)據(jù)包轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)出去。實(shí)現(xiàn)不同網(wǎng)段的主機(jī)之間的互相訪問。路由器是根據(jù)路由表進(jìn)行選路和轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的。而路由表里就是由一條條的路由信息組成。路由表的產(chǎn)生方式一般有3種：直連路由給路由器接口配置一個(gè)IP地址，路由器自動(dòng)產(chǎn)生本接口IP所在網(wǎng)段的路由信息。靜態(tài)路由在拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，網(wǎng)管員通過手工的方式配置本路由器未知網(wǎng)段的路由信息，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)不同網(wǎng)段之間的連接。五、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模赫莆胀ㄟ^靜態(tài)路由方式實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連通性。六、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容：假設(shè)校園網(wǎng)通過1臺(tái)路由器連接到校園外的另1臺(tái)路由器上，現(xiàn)要在路由器上做適當(dāng)配置，實(shí)現(xiàn)校園網(wǎng)內(nèi)部主機(jī)與校園網(wǎng)外部主

機(jī)的相互通信。通過軟件仿真，實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的互連互通，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)信息的共享和傳遞。七、實(shí)驗(yàn)器材（設(shè)備、元器件）：R2621XM（兩臺(tái)）、SerialDTE線纜（1條）、coppercross-over線纜（2條）、PC（兩臺(tái)）八、實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟：打開CiscoPacketTracer軟件，添加2臺(tái)Generic路由器和2臺(tái)Generic主機(jī)，用“自動(dòng)選擇連接類型”把設(shè)備連接起來,如下實(shí)驗(yàn)圖，其中PCO、PC1為兩臺(tái)工作站主機(jī),Routerl、Router2為兩臺(tái)路由器。PC-PT

PCIRouterlel/O.C^TFa0/072621XMPC-PT

PCIRouterlel/O.C^TFa0/072621XMRouter2"-.22PC-PT

PC2然后按以下步驟完成配置:步驟L在路由器Routeri上配置接口的IP地址和串口上的時(shí)鐘頻率。Routeri(config)#Routeri(config-if)#ipaddress172.16.1.1255.255.255.0Routeri(config-if)#noshutdownRouteri(config)#interfaceserial1/0Routeri(config-if)#ipaddress172.16.2.1255.255.255.0Routeri(config-if)#clockrate64000!配置Routeri的時(shí)鐘頻率(DCE)Routeri(config)#noshutdown驗(yàn)證測(cè)試：驗(yàn)證路由器接口的配置。Routerl#showipinterfacebrief?Routerin織1PhysicalConfigCLIIOSCommandLineInterface%Invalidinputdetectedat,*marker.Router>Router>enableRouter#showipinterfacebriefInterfaceIP-AddreasOK?MethodStatusProtocolFastEthernetO/OYESmanualupupFaatEthernetO/lunassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownSeriall/0YESmanualupupSeriall/1unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownSeriall/2unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownSeriall/3unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownRouter#CopyPaste注意：查看接口的狀態(tài)。Routerlttshowinterfaceserial1/0,RouteriPhysicalConfigCLIIOSCommandLineInterfaceRouter#showinterfaceserial1/0Seriall/0isup,lineprotocolisup(connected)HardwareisHD€4570MTU1500bytes,BW128Kbit,DLY20000usee,reliability255/2SS,txload1/2S5,rxload1/25SEncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)Lastinputnever,outputnever,outputhangneverLastclearingofWshowinterface*,countersneverInputcjueue:0/75/0(size/max/drops);Totaloutputdrops:0Queueingstrategy:weightedfairOutputqueue:0/1000/64/0Conversations0/0/256ReservedConversationsAvailableBandwidth96(size/maxtotal/threshold/drops)(active/maxactive/maxtotal)0/0(allocated/maxallocated)kilobits/sec5minuteinputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec5minuteoutputrate0bits/secr0packets/sec0packetsinput,0bytes,0nobufferReceived0broadcasts,0rxints,0giants,0throttles0inputerrors,0CRC,0frame,0overrun,0packetsoutput,0bytes,0underruns0outputerrors,0collisions,0interface0outputbufferfailures,0outputbuffers—More—0ignored,0abortresetsswappedoutCopyPaste步驟2.在路由器Routeri上配置靜態(tài)路由。Routeri(config)#iproute172.16.3.0255.255.255.0172.16.2.2或,Routeri(config)#iproute172.16.3.0255.255.255.0serial1/0驗(yàn)證測(cè)試：驗(yàn)證Routeri上的靜態(tài)路由配置。RouterlttshowiprouteJPRouteri 〔口I回PhysicalConfigCLIIOSCommandLineInterface0inputerrors,0CRCr0frame,0overrun,0ignored,0al>ort;0packetsoutputr0bytes,0underruns0outputerrors,0collisions,0interfaceresets0outputbufferfailures,0outputbuffersswappedout0carriertransitionsDCD=upDSR=upDTR=upRTS=upCTS=upRouterfshowiprouteCodes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPD-E工GRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterareaN1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2El-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGPi-IS-IS,LI-IS-ISlevel-lrL2-IS-ISlevel-2ria-IS-ISinterarea*-candidatedefault,U-per-userstaticroute,o-ODRP-periodicdownloadedstaticrouteGatewayoflastresortisnotset172.16.0.0/24issubnetted,3|subnetsC 172.16.1.0isdirectlyconnected,FaatEthernetO/OC 172.16.2.0isdirectlyconnected,Seriall/0Router# ▼CopyPaste步驟3.在路由器Router2上配置接口的IP地址和串口上的時(shí)鐘頻率。Router2(config)#interfacefastethernet0/0Router2(config-if)ttipaddress172.16.3.2255.255.255.0Router2(config-if)#noshutdowni*Router2(config)#interfaceserial1/0Router2(config-if)#ipaddress172.16.2.2255.255.255.0Router2(config-if)#noshutdown驗(yàn)證測(cè)試：驗(yàn)證路由器接口的配置。Router2#showipinterfacebriefRouter2#showinterfaceserial1/0Router2 If回PhysicalConfigCLIIOSCommandLineInterfaceRouter#Router#showinterfaceserial1/0Seriall/0xsup,lineprotocolxsup(connected)HardwarexsHD64570Internetaddressxs172.16.2.2/24MTU1500bytes,BW128Kbit,DLY20000usecrreliability255/255rt:xload1/255rrxload1/255Encapsulat;±onHDLCrloopbacknotgat,keepaliveset;(10sec)Last;inputnever,outputnever,outputhangneverLast;clearingofWshowinterface**countersneverInputcjueue:0/75/0<size/max/drops);Totaloutputdrops:0Queueingstrategy:weightedfairOutputqpjeue:0/1000/64/0(sxze/maxtotal/threshold/drops)Conversations0/0/256(active/maxactive/maxtotal)ReservedConversations0/0(allocated/znaxallocated)AvailableBandwidth96kilobits/secSminuteinputrate0bits/secr0packets/sec5minuteoutputrate0k>its/secr0packets/sec0packetsinputr0bytesr0nobufferReceived0broadcasts,0runtsr0giants,0throttles0inputerrorsr0CRC,0framer0overru.nr0ignored,0abort0packersoutput,0bytesr0underruns0outputerrorsr0collisions,0interfaceresets0outputbufferfailures,0outputbuffersswappedout—More—CopyPasteCopyPaste步驟4.在路由器Router2上配置靜態(tài)路由。Router2(config)#iproute172.16.1.0255.255.255.0172.16.2.1或,Router2(config)#iproute172.16.1.0255.255.255.0serial1/0驗(yàn)證測(cè)試：驗(yàn)證Router2上的靜態(tài)路由配置。Router2#showiprouteJPRouter2 [口I回PhysicalConfigCLIIOSCommandLineInterfaceRouter#Router#Router#Router#Router#Router#Router#Router#Router#Router#showiprouteCodes:C-connected,S-static,I-工GRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPD-E工GRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPFrIA-OSPFinterareaN1-OSPFNSSAexternaltypelrN2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2El-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGPi-工STS,LI-IS-ISlevel-1fL2-IS-ISlevel-2ria-IS-ISinterarea*-candidatedefault,U-per-userstaticroute,o-ODRP-periodicdownloadedstaticrouteGatewayoflastresortisnotset172.16.0.0/24isgubnetted,3subnetsC 172.16.2.0isdirectlyconnected,Seriall/0C 172.16.3.0isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernetO/ORouter#|CopyPaste步驟5.測(cè)試網(wǎng)絡(luò)的互連互通性。C:\>ping172.16.3.224\PC1pingPC2<iPPCIC:\>ping172