一?現(xiàn)在完成時的構成：現(xiàn)在完成時由助動詞have（has）+動詞的過去分詞構成。 has用于第三人稱單數(shù)，have用于其他各種人稱.現(xiàn)在完成時的用法：其用法主要有三種I.“已完成”用法：表示一個過去發(fā)生并結束的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。這一類情況可以細致分為下述兩種情況。1）這一類情況可以細致分為下述兩種情況。1）表示開始于過去的動作剛剛結束。等不確定的時間狀語連用。LiMinghasjustturnedoffthelight.常和just,now,already,yet,not?yet李明剛剛把燈關上。（說明現(xiàn)在燈關上了）rvefinishedmyhomeworknow.現(xiàn)在我已經做完作業(yè)了。（說明可以交作業(yè)或關上了）rvefinishedmyhomeworknow.現(xiàn)在我已經做完作業(yè)了。（說明可以交作業(yè)或做別的了）2）表示過去動作的結果，現(xiàn)在仍殘留著。Ihavelostmypen.支筆）2）表示過去動作的結果，現(xiàn)在仍殘留著。Ihavelostmypen.支筆）我把筆丟了。般不用時間狀語。（說明過去某時丟的，現(xiàn)在我還沒找到這Shehasbecomeateacher.她已經當了老師。（說明她現(xiàn)在仍是老師）“未完成”用法。表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某時開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能繼續(xù)下去，也可能剛剛結束。常和表示一段時間的狀語連用。女口today,thisweek（month）,lately,recently,thesedays,inthepastfewdays,duringthelasttwoweeks,since,sinceyesterday,since2daysago,since1991,foralongtime,foramonth,sofar,uptonow,till（until）now等。Hehaslivedherefor30years. 他住在這兒三十年了。（現(xiàn)在還住在這兒）They'veknowneachothersincechildhood. 他們從小彼此相識。 （現(xiàn)在還在往來）HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish? 你學英語多久了?（現(xiàn)在仍在學）經驗性用法：表示從過去開始到目前為止這段時間中反復發(fā)生的動作或多次出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。常與頻度副詞如often,always,everyweek,twiceIhavebeentotheSummerPalacetwice.等連用。我曾經去過頤和園兩次。Hehasalwayssaidso.常與頻度副詞如often,always,everyweek,twiceIhavebeentotheSummerPalacetwice.等連用。我曾經去過頤和園兩次。Hehasalwayssaidso.他總是這么說.三?現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語I現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍， 故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。女0：yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,threeyearsago等。但是，在強調動作產生的后果和影響時，可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。a.如：b.用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑問句中。Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。Theyhaven'tfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。用ever和never.多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經"或"從未”等。如:你曾經去過長城嗎？我從未去過長城。before,uptonow,thepast例女口:Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere.她，我以前見過但記不起在哪里見過。Hehasbeentherethreetimesthelastfewdays.三次了。d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內的時間狀語，moining(rTionth,year,term)等。例女口：-Haveyou近幾天他去過那里女口now,today,thismethimtoday?-No,lhaven't.今天你見過他嗎？我沒有。Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentherethisyear?II短暫性動詞不能和表一段時間的時間狀語連用。今年你去過另E里多少次?女0:如:你曾經去過長城嗎？我從未去過長城。before,uptonow,thepast例女口:Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere.她，我以前見過但記不起在哪里見過。Hehasbeentherethreetimesthelastfewdays.三次了。d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內的時間狀語，moining(rTionth,year,term)等。例女口：-Haveyou近幾天他去過那里女口now,today,thismethimtoday?-No,lhaven't.今天你見過他嗎？我沒有。Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentherethisyear?II短暫性動詞不能和表一段時間的時間狀語連用。今年你去過另E里多少次?女0:come,go,arrive,reach,hear,close,leave,begin,start,lose,buy,fall,join,die,getup但如果要保留表一段時間的時間狀語，必須將動詞改為延續(xù)性動詞?，F(xiàn)歸納總結一下由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉換如：fallasleep(ill)gettoknow^know「beasleep(ill)begin,(start) beonopenfe openhavegetupfbeupdeadgooutfbeoutinclosefecloseddiebebuy。cornerbearrive「befinish(herejoinfein,bea+名詞overleave,move-beaway,*eepgotoschoolfeastudentcold)begintostudy「studyend廠beborrowcatch(acold)have(acomebackfebackputonfwearbeon-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?-1haveneverbeentotheGreatWall.c.用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，女jlst,fewyear他參軍三年了。他父親去世二年了。電影已開始五分鐘了。他參軍三年了。他父親去世二年了。電影已開始五分鐘了。女口:Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears.Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.Thefilmhasbeenonfor5minutes.我們（開始）學英語已三年了。我們（開始）學英語已三年了。WehavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.四.幾點注意事項I.havebeen(to)與havegone(to)的區(qū)另U：前者可與前者可與havebeen（to）表示〃去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經回來了）〃，可用于各人稱;havegone（t。）表示〃去某地了（說話時某人不在當?shù)兀?，常用于第三人稱,once,never,severaltimes等連用，后者則不能。女口:TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.他們去過北京兩次。他去北京了。他去北京了。HehasgonetoBeijing.HehaslivedinNanjingtheyearbeforelast.Iveknownhimwewerechildren.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanesethreeyears.Shehasbeenawayfromthecityabouttenyears.Itsabouttenyearssheleftthecity.二.單項選擇。1、-*Howlonghaveyouhere?Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived2、HehasbeentoShanghai,hashe?A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still—Doyouknowhimwell?Sure.Wefriendssineetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeen C.havebecomeD.havemadeThefamouswriteronenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswrittenOurcountryalotsofar.Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changedbetterZhaoLanalreadyinthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studying B.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studyingWeXiao Lisineeshewasa little girl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knewHarryPotterisaverynicefilm」 ittwice .A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see—*ThesefarmershavebeentotheUn ited States .Really?Whenthere?A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone練習一.用since禾口for填空1. twoyears 2.twoyearsago3.lastmonth 4. 19995. yesterday 4o clock7_4hours 8.anhouragowewerechildren10.lunchtime11.shelefthere―*youyourhomeworkyet?Yes.Iitamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish11、HisfatherthePartysinee1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin14.Hurryup!Theplayfortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began15.Ittenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.isB.hasC.willD.wasMissGreenisn'tintheoffice.shetothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeenMyparentsShandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen18.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?A.sotheyB.donttheyC.havetheyD.haven ttheyhasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasineehetoChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC. Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrivedWhenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebusfor20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenaway D.hadbeenawayThefactorysincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened22.MaryandRosefriendssineetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome23.Youmustn'tuntilhecomesback.A.beawayB.leaveC.beleft24.Themeetingforaweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover25.MissGaothisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught

Benateacherfor4years.A.hasbeenB.hasbecomeC.wasD.becameIhomeforaweek.填空A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returned填空—?用never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since1haveseenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.Jackhasfinishedhishomework.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschooltenyears.“，，”，，Haveyouseenthefilm? No,Ihaveseenit.“，，”，，Hasthebusleft? Yes,ithasleft.四.用適當?shù)臅r態(tài)填空：Shes(live)hereeversinceshewasten.Bothofthem(be)inHongkongfortendays.Bothofthem(come)toHongkongtendaysago.Halfanhour(pass)sincethetrain(leave).Mary(lose)herpen.you(see)ithereandthere?you(find)yourwatchyet? Areyouthirsty? NoIust(have)someorange.Wealready(return)thebook.they(build)anewschoolinthevillage?I(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpme?Myfather(read)thenoveltwice.I(buy)abookjustnow.I(lost)mywatchyesterday.Myfather(read)thisbooksineeyesterday.3現(xiàn)在完成進行時的基本句型"［、疑問式簡略回答I/Wehavebeenworking.Haveyoubeenworking

Yes，"［、疑問式簡略回答I/Wehavebeenworking.Haveyoubeenworking

Yes，I/wehave.No目定式

疑問式He/She/Ithasbeenworking.Hashe/she/itbeenworking9

*,I/wehavent.9*，he/she/ithasnt.，he/she/ithasnt.現(xiàn)在完成進行時1定義：現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作從過去某一時間開 々口,□ LI始，XI?rvebeenreadingthisbook

一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)下去。2現(xiàn)在完成進行時的構成 ：現(xiàn)在完成進行時是由〃have/has+been+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”構成fortwohours，butIhaven'tfinishedit. 這本書我已讀了兩個小時了，但我還沒讀完。rvereadthisbook.我已讀完這本書了。rvereadthisbook.我已讀完這本書了。4現(xiàn)在完成時的用法1）在強調指出動作還未結束，還要繼續(xù)下去。2）強調動作延續(xù)時間的長久或帶感情色彩。Shehasalwaysbeenworkinglikethat.她一貫是這樣工作的。3）現(xiàn)在完成進行時也可表示現(xiàn)在以前這段時間反復發(fā)生的事情。We'vebeenseeingquitealotofeachotherrecently.5現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別最近我們經常見面。4現(xiàn)在完成時的用法1）在強調指出動作還未結束，還要繼續(xù)下去。2）強調動作延續(xù)時間的長久或帶感情色彩。Shehasalwaysbeenworkinglikethat.她一貫是這樣工作的。3）現(xiàn)在完成進行時也可表示現(xiàn)在以前這段時間反復發(fā)生的事情。We'vebeenseeingquitealotofeachotherrecently.5現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別最近我們經常見面。1）現(xiàn)在完成進行時更強調動作的延續(xù)性 ，它是現(xiàn)在完成時的強調形式。試比較:We'vebeenlivingherefortenyears.We'velivedherefortenyears.我們在這兒已經住了十年了。2）在不用時間狀語的情況下，現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作仍在進行。而現(xiàn)在完成時則表示動作在過去已結束。 女口:Thestudentshavebeenpreparingfortheexam.備考試。（還在進行）學生們一直在準Thestudentshavepreparedfortheexam.（已經結束）學生們?yōu)榭荚囎髁藴蕚?。Thestudentshavepreparedfortheexam.（已經結束）學生們?yōu)榭荚囎髁藴蕚洹?)有些表示狀態(tài)，感情，感覺的動詞如：have，exist，like，hate，3)hear，know，sound等動詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。 女口：They5veknowneachothersinee1970. 自從1970年起他們就相互認識了。練習：MrLiswimmingfor3hours,andhissonanhourago.A.hasbeen,startedB.havestarted,hasstartedC.started,startedD.Hasstarted,hasstarted Howlongyou stamps? Sineetwoyearsago.D.are,A.have,collectB.have,beencollecting C.did,collectD.are,collectingShehadaheadachebecauseshetoolong.Sheoughttoshop.A.hasbeenreadingB.hadreadC.isreadingD.readTheboyTVallthemorning.A.haswatchedB.hadwatchedC.hasbeenwatchingD.watched haveyoubeenlearningtoswim? Halfayear.A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowfarD.WhenOurteacherhasbee nteach inginthis schoolfor .A.twoyearandahalf B.twoanda halfyearC.twoyearsandhalf D.twoanda halfyearsHeitfortwohours,andhe'sstillwatchingnow.A.hasbeenwatchedB.watchingC.has beenwatchingD.is watching現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)練習題答案Theyhaveknowneachothersinee1999.Ihavebeeninthisschoolforoverthreeyears.四、劃線提問1.Howlonghave,beenthere2.Howlonghas,livedhere3.Whendid,leavehere4.Whendid,buy五、用have(has)been或have(has)gone空。WherehasLiFeigone?HehasgonetoHainanIsland