Unit

1

ANewStartUsinglanguage102GrammarReview:basicsentencestructuresGrammar:basicsentencestructures

Matchthesentencesthatsharethesamestructures.1.Isawawhite-hairedman.2.Ireplied.3.Hegavemeasmile.4.Ibreatheddeeply.5.Ilookedattheminpanic.6.Iwasembarrassed.7.Hiswordsmademealotmorerelaxed!a.Hewasfriendly.b.Theexammademequitenervous.c.Ipassedhimabook.d.Sheagreed.e.Hewrotealongletter.f.Hetalkedloudly.g.Shelookedafterhersisterpatiently.Structure1Ireplied.Sheagreed.S(Subject)V(Verb)主語謂語主語：句子所要描述或說明的主體；表示句子說的是什么人或什么事相關(guān)的信息。Usuallyatthebeginningofasentencen.

/

pron.

/doing/todo/

numeral/clause…vi.主語：主語就是一句話主要敘述的對(duì)象或者這句話主要講的內(nèi)容。1.Thebookisexpensive.2.Chinaisverylarge./Nickisateacher.3.Theyarehappy.4.Thisismypen.5.Eightisaluckynumber.6.TolearnEnglishiseasy.7.LearningEnglishisfunny.8.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.9.WhatIloveisthebeautyofthecity.（普通名詞作主語）（專有名詞/人名作主語）（人稱代詞作主語）（指示代詞作主語）（數(shù)詞作主語）（不定式作主語）（動(dòng)名詞作主語）（名詞化形容詞作主語）（從句作主語）Structure1Ireplied.Sheagreed.S(Subject)V(Verb)主語謂語主語：句子所要描述或說明的主體；表示句子說的是什么人或什么事相關(guān)的信息。Usuallyatthebeginningofasentencen.

/

pron.

/doing/todo/

numeral/clause…謂語：說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Usuallyafterthesubjectverb/

phrasalverbvi.②謂語：說明主語動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)的詞語。牢記：只有動(dòng)詞原形(do)及其因人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變形可以充當(dāng)謂語！“todo,doing,done”三種形式為非謂語動(dòng)詞！1.Sheeatsanappleeveryday.2.Ihavefinishedmyhomeworkalready.

3.Theywenttotheparttogether.

4.Weshoulduseeverychancetolearn.

5.Iwasastudent10yearsago.6.Wheredidyougolastnight?Structure2Iwasembarrassed.Hewasfriendly.S(Subject)LinkingVerb主語系動(dòng)詞P(Predicative)表語常見的連系動(dòng)詞有：be動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞：feel,look,smell,sound,taste3)表示“變化”的詞：become,come,fall,get,go,grow,turn4)表示“保持”：keep,remain,stay5)表示“好像”：appear,seem6)表示“證明”：prove(tobe),turnout(tobe)表語：表示主語的身份、狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征等。Afterthelinkingverbn.

/

adj./numeral/todo/doing/prepositionphrase/clause…③表語：說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、狀況等含義的成分(表語就是對(duì)主語的補(bǔ)充說明)

出現(xiàn)在系動(dòng)詞后Herfaceturned

red.Heisaboy.Fiveplustwoisseven.Wearehere.Thehouseisonfire.Seeingisbelieving.Ourdutyistomakeourenvironmentbetter.ThisiswhatIwant.(形容詞作表語）(名詞作表語）(數(shù)詞作表語）(副詞作表語）(介詞短語作表語）(動(dòng)名詞作表語）(不定式作表語）(從句作表語）Structure3Isawawhite-hairedman.Hewrotealongletter.S(Subject)V(Verb)主語謂語O(Object)賓語賓語：表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象，也可表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果。Aftervt./prep.n.

/

pron.

/doing/todo/

numeral/clause…vt.④賓語：指一個(gè)動(dòng)作(動(dòng)詞)的對(duì)象,出現(xiàn)在謂語動(dòng)詞后或介詞后1.Sheboughtahouseyesterday.2.Hesaidnothingduringthemeeting.3.Hepretendednottoseeme.4.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.5.Ihavefinishedtwooftheassignments.6.Weneedtohelpthedisabled.7.Youdon’tunderstandwhatIsaid.(名詞作賓語)(代詞作賓語)(不定式短語)(動(dòng)名詞短語)(數(shù)詞作賓語)(名詞化形容詞作賓語)(從句作賓語)Structure4Hegavemeasmile.Ipassedhimabook.SV主語謂語IndirectObject間接賓語DirectObject直接賓語賓語：表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象，也可表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果。vt.sb.sth.Aftervt./prep.n.

/

pron.

/doing/todo/

numeral/clause…Structure5Hiswordsmademealotmorerelaxed.Theexammademequitenervous.SV主語謂語O賓語C(Complement)賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語：補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Aftertheobjectn.

/

adj.

/adv./numeral/to

do/doing/prepositionphrase

…vt.⑤賓語補(bǔ)足語(即復(fù)合賓語)：某些及物動(dòng)詞不僅需要賓語，而且還要求某個(gè)詞或詞組來補(bǔ)充說明賓語.Wemadehimabirthdaycake.Itriedmybesttomakehimhappy.Pleaselethimin.Iputmyfamilyfirst.Wecallhimaniceman.Headvisedmetogiveupsmoking.Isawhimrunningdownthestreet.Ifoundhimreadingmyletter.Inoticedhimintears.(名詞作賓補(bǔ))(形容詞作賓補(bǔ))(副詞作賓補(bǔ))(數(shù)詞作賓補(bǔ))(名詞短語作賓補(bǔ))(不定式短語作賓補(bǔ))(動(dòng)名詞短語作賓補(bǔ))(現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ))(介詞短語作賓補(bǔ))Structure6Ibreatheddeeply.Hetalkedloudly.S(Subject)V(Verb)主語謂語A(Adverbial)狀語狀語：用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子位置靈活，可位于句首，句中，句末adv./prepositionphrase/doing/done/todo/clause…vi.Structure7Ilookedattheminpanic.Shelookedafterhersisterpatiently.SV主語謂語O賓語A(Adverbial)狀語vt.狀語：用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子位置靈活，可位于句首，句中，句末adv./prepositionphrase/doing/done/todo/clause…⑦狀語：用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或整個(gè)句子通常由副詞，副詞短語，介詞短語或句子充當(dāng)狀語分為很多種，有時(shí)間狀語，地點(diǎn)狀語，方式狀語，原因狀語，目的狀語等等狀語位置極其靈活，可根據(jù)具體情況放在不同位置Thechildrenwereplayinginthepark.Hedidnotplaywellenough.Hedidnotplaywellenoughtowin.Shealwayscomestomyhouse.Iwon’tgoshopping

ifitrainsthisafternoon.Gettinguplate,hehurriedtoschool.(介詞短語作狀語/表地點(diǎn))(副詞短語作狀語/表程度)(不定式作狀語/表目的)(副詞作狀語/表頻率)(從句作狀語/表?xiàng)l件)(分詞短語作狀語/表原因)SummaryBasicsentencestructures主謂（SV）主系表（SVP）主謂賓（SVO）主謂賓賓（SVOO）主謂賓補(bǔ)（SVOC）主謂狀（SVA）主謂賓狀（SVOA）·Thesubject

andthe_______arenecessarypartsofasentence.·Atransitiveverb

isalwaysfollowedbya(n)_____.·Someverbscanhavetwoobjects.Theindirectobjectusuallyreferstoa______andthedirectobject

referstoa_______.·Theobjectcomplementaddsmoreinformationaboutthe______.verbobjectSummarypersonthingobjectBasicsentencestructuresSubjectTransitiveverbObjectObject+ObjectObject+ComplementIntransitiveverbLinkingverbPredicativeAttributive定語usedbefore/afteranountodescribeitAdverbial狀語usedtodescribeaverb,anadjective,oracompletesentence主謂賓主謂雙賓語主謂賓賓補(bǔ)主謂主系表⑥定語：用于描述名詞，代詞，短語或從句的性質(zhì)，特征，范圍等情況的成分如果定語是單個(gè)詞，定語放在被修飾詞的前面如果定語是詞組，定語放在被修飾詞的后面1.Idon’tthinkheisaresponsiblefather.2.Thesummer

vacationisfinallycoming!3.Wehave35/thirty-fivestudentsintheclass.4.Wouldyoupleasebringmetoday‘snewspaper? 5.Thewindowsofthehousearebroken.6.Idon’tknowhername.7.Doyouknowthewaytothehotel?(形容詞作定語)(名詞作定語)(數(shù)詞作定語)(’s所有格作定語) (of所有格作定語/后置)(代詞作定語)(介詞短語作定語/后置)1.Thedestroyedbridgewasrebuiltlastwinter.2.IknowaboycalledTom.

3.Listen,theflyingbirdsaresinging.4.Thecarsrunningonthestreetaresonoisy.5.Shehastwochildrentotakecareof.6.Thereadingroomissosmall.7.He

who

makes

no

mistakes

makes

nothing.

⑥定語：用于描述名詞，代詞，短語或從句的性質(zhì)，特征，范圍等情況的成分如果定語是單個(gè)詞，定語放在被修飾詞的前面如果定語是詞組，定語放在被修飾詞的后面(過去分詞作定語)(過去分詞短語作定語/后置）(現(xiàn)在分詞作定語)(現(xiàn)在分詞作定語/后置）(不定式作定語/后置）(動(dòng)名詞作定語)(從句作定語/后置)直接賓語指動(dòng)詞所涉及的物(即sth.)，間接賓語是指受益于動(dòng)詞所表示行為的人(即sb.)。如果間接賓語(sb)出現(xiàn)在前，則直接采用”謂語動(dòng)詞+間賓+直賓”結(jié)構(gòu)(eg.givesb.sth.)。如果直接賓語出現(xiàn)在前，則后面必須有to或for才能夠引出間接賓語即”謂語動(dòng)詞+直接賓語+to/for+間接賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)(eg.givesth.tosb.)SV主語謂語IndirectObject間接賓語DirectObject直接賓語vt.sb.sth.SV主語謂語O賓語C(Complement)賓語補(bǔ)足語vt.賓語補(bǔ)足語：一個(gè)詞或短語放在賓語之后來補(bǔ)充說明其身份、特征、狀態(tài)或所做的動(dòng)作雙賓語vs復(fù)合賓語

常見的接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有:give,show,bring,read,pass,send,lend,tell,ask,leave,teach,write,buy,sing等。

eg.Theteachergiveseachofthemaneraser．在雙賓語中，能充當(dāng)間接賓語或是直接賓語的一般是名詞或代詞。eg.Sheshowedus

(pron.)anewTVset

(n.).常見的接賓語補(bǔ)足語/復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有:let,see,watch,hear,help,feel,keep,call,make,find,tell,ask,think,want等。eg.Wemustkeeptheclassroomclean.而在復(fù)合賓語/賓語補(bǔ)足語中，能充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語成分的則較多如名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）和分詞（短語）等WecallhimLaoLi

(n.)．Theymustkeeptheirhandsbehindtheirbacks(prepositionalphrase)．Iwon’tletyoutryagain

(infinitivephrase)．Theotherstudentsintheclasskeeptheireyesclosed(pastparticiple).雙賓語vs復(fù)合賓語

賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間關(guān)系比較緊密，去掉其中一個(gè)成分，句子就不能成立或句意不完整。而且當(dāng)名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，和賓語之間具有“主系表關(guān)系”當(dāng)不定式（短語）或分詞（短語）作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，和賓語之間具有“主謂關(guān)系”。如：WemadeTommonitor.Wewillmakeourcountrymorebeautiful．Youshouldkeepyourdogin．IfoundhiminRoom201．Hemakesus

worktenhoursaday．Weheardhersingingintheroom．=Tomismonitor.=Ourcountrywillbemorebeautiful.=Yourdogshouldbein.=HewasinRoom201.=Weworktenhoursaday.=Shewassingingintheroom.S(subject) V(verb) O(object) P(predicative) A(adverbial) DO(directobject)IO(indirectobject)C(objectcomplement)1.Iwaslookingatthephotosonthenoticeboard. _______2.Turningaround,Isawawhite-hairedman."Yes,"Ireplied._______3.IwassurprisedtoseethesamemanIhadmet

earlier. _______4.Withbutterfliesinmystomach,Ibreatheddeeply. _______5.Thegirl

nexttomegavemeanudge. _______6.Thegirl

nexttomegavemeanudge. _______賓(O)

謂(V)

表(P)

狀(A)

間賓(IO)

直賓(DO)

QuizReadthesentencesandanalyzethestructures.1.Theteacherwaskindandfriendly.2.Hetoldafunnystory.3.Everyonelaughed.4.Ifoundmostofmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.5.Ididn’tfeelawkwardorfrightened.6.Hetoldusfunnystories.7.Icouldn’tconcentrateontheexperiment.8.Iwanttomakeagoodfirstimpression.9.Tomorrowwillbegreat.10.Wehadourchemistryclassinthesciencelab.SVOOSVPSVOCSVSVOSVPExercise:SVOSVOSVPSVOATypeofverbsactionverb實(shí)義動(dòng)詞linkingverb系動(dòng)詞modalverb情態(tài)動(dòng)詞auxiliaryverb助動(dòng)詞transitiveverb及物動(dòng)詞intransitiveverb不及物動(dòng)詞OOOOCe.g.be,taste,feel,turn,become…Pe.g.can,could,may,might,should,mustwill…e.g.do,does,did…VAddingadverbialsandattributivesIlearnEnglish.IlearnEnglishinChengduNo.18MiddleSchool