山西省忻州市原平大林鄉(xiāng)聯(lián)合校高一英語(yǔ)期末試卷含解析一、選擇題1.Iffarminggoes________nature,allkindsofdisastersaretheresults.

A.against

B.for

C.with

D.to參考答案：A略2.Plantsneedwaterandsunlighttogrowwell._____,ahealthybodyrequiresabalanceddiet.

A.Formally

B.Generally

C.Similarly

D.Scientifically參考答案：C3.Justinkickedtheballintohisowngoal.Itwas______hisstupidity_______wewonthegame.A.thanksto;that

B.thanksfor;that

C.thanksto;which

D.thanksfor;which參考答案：A4.Ihaven’treadanyofthesebooksbefore,but_____fromtheoneIhavejustread,Ithinkheisaverypromisingwriter.A．judged

B.judgingC.determined

D.determining參考答案：B5.Hearingthenewsshe______.A.burstintolaughing

B.burstouttearsC.burstintolaughter

D.burstcrying參考答案：C6.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_____.A.willrain

B.rains

C.rained

D.israining參考答案：B7.語(yǔ)音知識(shí)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）從每小題的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，找出所給單詞的正確讀音，并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。1.generate A.global B.equator C.ash D.forecast2.blood A.flood B.toothache C.cartoon D.neighbourhood3.income A.welcome B.coffin C.tropical D.govern4.thunderstorm A.feather B.strength C.breathe D.leather5.citizen A.crowded B.cliff C.carbon D.cemetery參考答案：8.

Itisapitythatnoneofthe______stopped______thepoormanlyingthere,begging.

A.passer-bys;tohelp

B.passers-by;helping

C.passer-bys;helping

D.passers-by;tohelp參考答案：D9.John'scarelessdrivingnearly______himhislife.A．cost

B．caused

C．took

D．lost參考答案：A10.Theroad

anditwillbefinishedbytheendofnextyear．A．isbuilt

B．isbeingbuilt

C．hasbeenbuilt

D．wasbuilt參考答案：B11.______withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.

A.Compare

B.Whencomparing

C.Comparing

D.Whencompared參考答案：D12.IhavepromisedtoattendyourpartyandI'll_____myword.A.keep

B.hold

C.follow

D.take參考答案：A略13.Areyou________ofthemistakesyoumadeinyourfinalEnglishtest?A.awared

B.unforgettable

C.awaring

D.aware參考答案：D14.TheexcitingdayalltheAmericanbasketballfanslookedforwardto____atlast.A.coming B.came

C.come D.becoming參考答案：B15.Howlongdoyouthink______theMicrosoftbringsoutanewproduct?A.itwillbebefore

B.willitbeuntil C.willitbewhen

D.itwillbethat參考答案：A16.—Thereisstillacopyofthebookinthelibrary.Willyougoandborrow________？

—No，I'dratherbuy________inthebookstore.A.it；oneB.one；oneC.one；itD.it；it參考答案：a略17.Whenaskedwhattheywouldvolunteertodo,halfof

saidtheywerewillingtodosomethingtheycould.A.what B.which C.whom D.them參考答案：D18.LittleTomdidn’tget___hiscompositiontestbecausehewasnotabletoget___totheteacherwhathemeant.

A.through,across

B.over,across

C.across,through

D.through,over參考答案：A考察介詞，getthrough通過(guò)；到達(dá)；做完；（電話）接通；getover克服；getacross(使)被理解。二、填空19.填空每空一詞（共5小題，每小題1分,滿分5分）76.我爺爺雖然八十多歲了，但仍然精力充沛。Althoughmygrandfatherisovereighty,heisstill_____________.77.Therearemany____________oftransportationforyoutochoosefrom,suchasplanes,trains.78.Ifyouwanttogetajob,youmayhavetogoforajob________________first.79.Thirty______________bysixisfive.80.Studentsshouldshow_______________forteachers.參考答案：76.energetic

77.means

78.interview

79.divided

80.respect111.We______________________(迫不及待)toseethem!(用hardly)112.We_______________________andthenweeat.(搭建帳篷)113.WangWeisoon___________________(讓他們對(duì)…感興趣)cyclingtoo.114._________________________(大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后)，wefinallygotthechancetotakeabiketrip.115.Sheinsistedthat________________(她組織這次旅行)properly.參考答案：111.canhardlywait112.putupourtents113.gottheminterestedin114.Aftergraduatingfromcollege

115.she(should)organizethetrip【學(xué)法指導(dǎo)】insist+that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句1）如果insist翻譯為“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)某個(gè)事實(shí)”,即that從句表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),則賓語(yǔ)從句使用陳述語(yǔ)氣,即從句該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài),當(dāng)然還要和主句時(shí)態(tài)保持呼應(yīng).如：Sheinsistedthatshewasright.Sheinsisted(that)shehadbeentoBeijingtheyearbefore.2）如果insist翻譯為“堅(jiān)持要求/堅(jiān)持主張”,即that從句的動(dòng)作當(dāng)時(shí)尚未發(fā)生的話,則賓語(yǔ)從句必須使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由“should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,且should可以省略.如：Heinsistedthatshe(should)saysorrytohimfirst.三、閱讀理解21.Friendshipscanbedifficult—becauseoftenpeoplearen'tashonestandopenastheyshouldbe.Sometimes,peoplefinallygethurt.Mostproblemswithfriendshipscomeupbecausepeoplearejusttooselfishtocareaboutthethingsthattheirfriendsneed.Theycareabouttheirownneedsmuchmore,whichmakesithardforfriendshipstowork.However,beingselfishispartofhumannature.Apersonisputtogetherinordertotakecareofthemselvesandtheirownneeds,notnecessarilythoseneedsofotherpeople.Eventhoughbeingselfishissomethingthatallhumansarebornwith,itissomethingthateveryoneshouldbeagainst.

Thebestthingtorememberwhenyouareafriendtoanyoneisthatyouneedtotreatyourfriendsthesamewaythatyou'dliketobetreated.Thisiswonderfuladviceforafriendship,becauseitisreallytheonlywaytomakesurethatyouaregivingyourfriendseverythingyouwouldwanttobegiveninafriendship.Wheneveryouhaveaquestionabouthowyoushouldtreatafriend,itiseasytofindananswersimplybyaskingyourselfwhatyouwouldlikeyourfriendtodoforyou,ifheorshewasinyourshoes.

Evenifyou'realwaysthinkingabouthowyou'dliketobetreated,andyourfriendsaretoo,thereareproblemsthatcomeupfromtimetotimeineachfriendship,anditisimportanttounderstandhowtodealwiththeseproblemssothatyoucanbuildstrongerandhealthierfriendships.Problemslikefriendsgettingboyfriendsorgirlfriendsandnotspendingenoughtimewiththeirfriends,orevenfriendsfindingnewfriendsandleavingoldfriendsbehindareproblemsthatwillprobablycomeupwithoneormoreofyourfriendships.Itisimportanttoknowhowtodealwiththesefriendproblemssothatyoucankeepyourfriendsandmakenewones.Noonewantstohaveabrokenfriendship.

25.Thispassagemainlytalksabout________.A．theimportanceoffriendshipB．theadvantagesoffriendshipC．theproblemsoffriendshipD．thedisadvantagesoffriendship26.Accordingtothewriter,problemswithfriendshipmayappearwhen________.A．oneishonest B．oneisselfish C．oneisopen D．oneiskind27.Accordingtothepassage,thefirstandmostimportantthingtobeotherpeople'sfriendis________.A．totreatyourfriendasyouliketobeB．togiveyourfriendswhateveryouhaveC．nottohurtyourfriends'feelingsD．nottothinkofyourownneedanymore28.What'sthepurposeofunderstandinghowtodealwithfriendshipproblems?A．Tohaveacomfortablelife.B．Tobuildstrongerandhealthierfriendships.C．Tobetreatedthewayyouwant.D．Togetaboyfriendorgirlfriendmorequickly.參考答案：25-28.CBAB22.AsArtificialIntelligence（AI）becomesincreasinglysophisticated（先進(jìn)的，尖端的）,therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat（威脅）．Thisdangercanbeavoided,accordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell,ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode.Russellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasks,it'snecessarytotranslateourmorals（道德）intoAIlanguage.Forexample,ifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouse,youwouldn'twantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungrychildren．"Youwouldwantthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvalues,"saidRussell.Somerobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues.Forexample,mobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistancefromhumans.Obviouslythereareculturaldifferences,butifyouweretalkingtoanotherpersonandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspace,youwouldn'tthinkthat'sthekindofthingaproperlybrought-uppersonwoulddo.Itwillbepossibletocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachines,ifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules.Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior.Theyaredangerousonlyifprogrammersarecareless.Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvaluesisthathumanbeingsfailtodosufficienttestingandthey'veproducedasystemthatwillbreaksomekindoftaboo（禁忌）.Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenfacedwithanunusualsituation.Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowave,ithastheopportunitytostop,sendoutbeeps（嘟嘟聲）,andaskfordirectionsfromahuman.Ifwehumansaren'tquitesureaboutadecision,wegoandasksomebodyelse.Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveismoral,andhowtocreateasetofethical（道德倫理的）rules．Butifwecomeupwithananswer,robotscouldbegoodforhumanity.8.Howdorobotslearnhumanvalues？A.Byinteractingwithhumansineverydaylifesituations．B.Bypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanbehavior．C.Byfollowingthedailyroutinesofcivilizedhumanbeings．D.Byimitatingthebehaviorofproperlybrought-uphumanbeings．9.Whatwillawell-programmedrobotdowhenfacinganunusualsituation？A.Keepadistancefrompossibledangers．B.Doenoughtestingbeforetakingaction．C.Startitsbuilt-inalarmsystematonce．D.Stoptogetadvicefromahumanbeing10.Whatisthemostdifficulttodowhenweturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode？A.Determinewhatismoralandethical．B.Designsomelarge-scaleexperiments．C.Setrulesforman-machineinteraction．D.Developamoresophisticatedprogram．參考答案：8.B

9.D

10.A【分析】本文屬于說(shuō)明文。文章開(kāi)篇提到人工智能（AI）未來(lái)潛在的危險(xiǎn)是可以通過(guò)編程避免的，由此展開(kāi)對(duì)于如何避免人工智能（AI）的潛在危險(xiǎn)的論述。筆者借由專家的角度表示了人類在為人工智能輸入指令、甚至情感和價(jià)值觀的時(shí)候，需要慎重?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段中的“Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior”可知，機(jī)器人通過(guò)從人類行為的海量數(shù)