第八單元過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)AⅠ.閱讀理解A導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)53090062Thenumberofpeoplethreatenedbycoastalfloodingcouldmorethantripleby2070becauseofclimatechange,whilethefinancialimpact(財(cái)政影響)offloodingcouldincreasebytensofmillionsofdollars.AngelGurria,SecretaryGeneraloftheParis-basedOrganisationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment,calledforquickactiontobuytimeforcitiesatcantake30yearstobuilddefenses(保衛(wèi))forvulnerablecitiesinplace.“Climatechangeisalreadyhappeningandquickactionisneedednowtopreventitsworstimpacts,”saidGurria,whoisscheduledtotakepartintheUNClimateChangeConferenceinBali,Indonesia.About150millionpeoplecouldbeindangertocoastalfloodingbystatistics(統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù))werebasedona“1-in-100-year”floodingevent,describedasacommonlyacceptedriskassessmentstandard,withameanriseinsealevelofahalf-meter.Thestudyestimated(估算)thefinancialimpactofsuchapossiblesituationatUS$39,000,000million,comparedtoUS$3,000,000today.ThedevelopmentofAsianbigcities,withtheirpopulationincreasingrapidly,waspointedtoasakeyincreasingtheriskincoastalflooding.Calcuttaheadsalistofthe10topcitiesatriskin2070intermsofpopulation,withMumbai,orBombay,,Florida,inninthplace,wastheonlycityinadevelopedcountryonthelistofcitieswiththehighestvalueofpropertyandinfrastructure(財(cái)產(chǎn)和基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)).manypeoplearebeingthreatenedbycoastalfloodingnow?15million.50thousand.50million. 150million.答案:C提示:第一段的第一句提到2070年受威脅的人口將增長(zhǎng)3倍多,而在第四段提到2070年將有約一億五千萬(wàn)人口受到洪水的威脅,用一億五千萬(wàn)除以3,可知。underlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph2mostprobablymeans“”.

toprotect toattackflood inruins答案:B提示:由該詞前面的builddefenses(保衛(wèi))for(為……做好防范工作)可推知vulnerable的意思是“易受到襲擊的”。thepassage,weknowthat.

GurriawillbeabsentfromtheconferenceinBaliGurria’sofficeisinBali,Indonesiaisonlyonecoastalfloodeverycenturyriseofsealevelismainlycausedbyclimatechange答案:D提示:從第一段可知,造成海平面上升的主要原因是氣候變化。BWhenIwasinmedicalcollege,Iwentcampingwithsomeofmyseasonwassummer;therefore,wechosetogotothearrivingthere,werentedaroomandleftourluggagefinishedlunchandthendecidedtorentaboatbecausetheseaandtheweatherwerebeautiful.Westartedtorow,butaboutonemileout,theweathersuddenlytheweatherwasnotgood,wedidn’twanttogiveup,butfinallymyfriendsandIagreedthatweshouldgotriedtochangetheboat’sdirection,butassoonaswechangedit,theoarlock(槳架),wewereunabletoturnhadtowaitforhelpbecausewecouldn’tdoanything.Afterseeingthechangeofweather,weshouldn’thavecontinuedtorow,butitwastooregrettedseachangedalot,thewavesgotveryhigh,andtheboatbegantoshakelikeacradle(搖籃).Oneofmyfriendsstartedtocry;anotherstartedtothrowhourspassed,andnobodycametohelpwerejustpraying.Fortunately,afterfivelonghoursofwaiting,twobigboatscametorescueusandwetheyhadn’tcometohelpus,wewouldhavecrossedtheborderbetweenTurkeyandGreecebecausetheborderwasveryclose.Thisstoryisthemostexcitingstoryofmylifebecausewecouldhavedied,butluckwaswithusandweescaped.wasthefirstthingtheauthorandhisfriendsdidafterarrivingtheseaside?lunchtogether.aplacefortheirluggage.aboattogoboating.withsomeofmyfriends.答案:B提示:根據(jù)第一段第三句可知,他們先租了個(gè)房間放行李。didtheydowhentheoarlockbroke?changedone. repairedit.waitedforhelp. swamtotheseashore.答案:C提示:根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知,他們只好坐在船上等待救助。authorandhisfriendsthreehoursaftertheoarlockbroke.

alreadysafeprayinginachurchhopefulandpatientregretfulandworried答案:D提示:根據(jù)第三段可知,他們開始后悔沒有在天氣突變時(shí)及早回頭。三個(gè)小時(shí)之后,大家開始焦急起來(lái)。canbeinferredthat.

wasthefirsttimetheywereoutatseawasthefirsttimetheywentboatingwouldhavediediftwobigboatshadrescuedthemwouldhavebeenfloatedtoanothercountryifnotrescued答案:D提示:根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段后一句可知,如果沒有船只來(lái)救他們,他們就可能漂流到另一國(guó)的海域,他們已經(jīng)離兩國(guó)分界線很近了。CIn1943,whenIwas4,myparentsmovedfromCoeurd’Alene,Idaho,toFairbanks,Alaska,whereadventurewasneververyfaraway.Wearrivedinthesummer,justintimetoenjoythemidnightthatsunlightwasfantasticforMom’svegetableinthegardenatmidnighttendedtothrowhertimingoff,soshedidn’tcaremuchaboutmybedtime.DadwasaRailwayExpressagentandMomwashisleftmeinausuallymanagedtofindsometroubletogetIhadalittlefiregoinginthedirtbasementofahadtriedtolightabarrel(桶)ofpaintbutcouldn’treallygetagoodfiresmokegotprettybad,though,andwhenImademyexit,acrowdandthepoliceweretheretogreetpolicementookmymatchesanddrovemehome.MomandDadwereoccupiedinthegardenandDadtoldthepolicetokeepme,andtheydid!IhadatouroftheprisonbeforeMomrescuedhadn’tturned5yet.AsIenteredkindergarten,theseriouscoldbegantosetitsurpriseyoutoknowthatIsoonleftpartofmytongueonametalhandrailatschool?AsforLeonhardSeppala,famousasadogsledder(駕雪橇者),IthinkIknewhimwellbecauseIwastakenforaridewithhiswhitedogteamonethetimeIdidn’trealizewhatasuperstarhewas,butIdoremembertheridewaswrapped(包裹)heavilyandwellshelteredfromthefreezingandblowingweather.In1950,wemovedbacktoCoeurd’Alene,butwegotonemoreAlaskanadventurewhenLeonhardinviteduseightyearslaterbypayingavisittoIdahotoattendagatheringofformerneighborsofAlaska.canbeinferredabouttheauthor’sfamily?fatherwasacruelman.parentsdidn’tlovehim.parentsusedtobeverybusy.motherdidn’thaveanyjobs.答案:C提示:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句、第三段的前兩句和第四段第一句可推斷出,作者小時(shí)候,父母總是很忙,根本沒有時(shí)間照顧他。happenedwhentheauthorwas4?learnedtosmoke.waslockedinabasement.wasarrestedbythepolice.nearlycausedafireaccident.答案:D提示:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,喜歡惹是生非的作者有一天差點(diǎn)引發(fā)一場(chǎng)火災(zāi)。ofthefollowingistrue?wasgoodatdrivingdogsleds.authorspenthiswholechildhoodinAlaska.oftenvisitedtheauthor’sfamilyafter1950.authorsufferedalotwhiletakingthedogsledinAlaska.答案:A提示:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句中的定語(yǔ)“famousasadogsledder”可知,萊昂納德擅長(zhǎng)駕駛狗拉的雪橇。istheauthor’spurposeofwritingthetext?lookbackonhischildhoodwithadventures.describetheextremeweatherofAlaska.expresshowmuchhemissesLeonhard.showoffhisprideinmakingtrouble.答案:A提示:主旨大意題。作者通過(guò)寫這篇文章主要回憶了自己小時(shí)候在阿拉斯加州居住時(shí)那些充滿冒險(xiǎn)和奇遇的童年故事。D導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)53090063OutdoorSurvivalProvidesAdventureWorldwideAlthoughtherearenostatecontrolledsurvivalcoursesinBritainortheUnitedStates,therearevariousindependentorganizationsofferingsimilaractivities.Studentscantakepartinoutdoortrainingcoursesthroughuniversityclubsandcanregister(登記,注冊(cè))withsuchgroups,whichthenorganizecourses,trainingandtripsforallmembers.OneofthemostpopularoutdoortrainingprogrammesinboththeUSandBritain,isOutwardBound(戶外訓(xùn)練).Itwasfoundedin1941inWalesandattractshundredsofthousandsofadventuroustypeseveryyear.Thecoursesareintendedtobroadenmindsthroughexperiencesthatbuildconfidence,self-esteem(自尊)andwellasspecialistcoursessuchascanoeing,leadershipskillsandsailing,participantscantakepartinweek-longadventuretrainingcampswhichincludeahostofsportsandsurvivaltrainingeducationskills.MichaelWilliams,anAmericanstudent,tookpartinanOutwardBoundcourselastsaid,“Welearnedlotsoffirst-aidskills,lotsofnaturalhistory,lotsofenvironmentalfacts,andtookpartinawildlifepreservationthat,myfavouriteskillslearnedweresailingandrockclimbing.”Coursescanlastupto40daysandareopentoanyoneovertheageofmustbeingeneralgoodhealth,butdonotneedtobeexperiencedinoutdoorisnoselectionprocess;everyoneiswelcome,althoughnewparticipantsareadvisedtopickacoursematchingtheirphysicalcapacity(體力).MostoftheBritishcoursestakeplaceintheBreconBeaconsinsimilarorganizationistheUKSurvivalSchool,whichincludescoursesonlearningtolivewiththeenvironment,sailingandwinterabasicsurvivalweekendstudentswilllearnhowtogetwaterandfood,howtomakefireandcookwithit,howtofindandbuildashelter,howtocontrolsurvivallifesupport,howtocrossrivers,howtosendoffadistresssignal,andhowtousecompassesbydayandnight.Accordingtotheleaders,suchadventuresare“anawakening,anexplorationintotheunknown”.OutwardBoundbelievesthatparticipantswill“usemindandbodytravelingsomeoftheEarth’sroughestwildernessareas”.thefirstparagraph,weknow.

arenotallowedtotakecoursesinthestateschoolscantakesurvivalcoursesinthestateschoolscoursesarebannedinBritainandtheUScoursesarenotofferedinthestateschool答案:D提示:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段只有一句話,介紹美國(guó)和英國(guó)開設(shè)生存訓(xùn)練課程的基本狀況:國(guó)家沒有開設(shè)此類課程,但各種各樣的獨(dú)立組織會(huì)提供類似的課程。advantageofthetrainingcoursesisthat.

canmakefriendswithotherscanvisitsomeplacesofinterestcanexperiencedifferentadventurescanlearnhowwonderfulnatureis答案:C提示:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第四段說(shuō)到了戶外生存訓(xùn)練課程的目的(broaden...character)和主要內(nèi)容(Aswellas...skills),這也正是其優(yōu)點(diǎn)之體現(xiàn)。anOutwardBoundcourselastyear,themostexcitingexperienceMichaelWilliamshadwas.

first-aidskillsfactsofenvironmentclimbingandsailingwildlife答案:C提示:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第五段通過(guò)MichaelWilliams的說(shuō)法,舉例說(shuō)明了參加戶外生存訓(xùn)練課程的好處,他最后說(shuō)“myfavouriteskillslearnedweresailingandrockclimbing”?！痵thewriter’spurposetowritethispassage?roducethetrainingcoursetoreaders.答案:A提示:寫作意圖題。通觀整篇短文,可以推斷出這是一篇類似廣告的文章,廣告的目的就是說(shuō)服人們相信他們的話,從而消費(fèi)他們的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)。短文介紹了戶外生存訓(xùn)練課程的種種好處,就是要人們?nèi)⒓舆@類課程。Ⅱ.七選五(2023北京)TheScienceofRisk-SeekingSometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking.16Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestof?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.

Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlywerebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring.17Asthequalityofrisk-takingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.

Sowhyaren’twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisk-takingcouldgetonefewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstay-in-the-cavearesult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexistsmaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhateit.18

Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk-seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.19Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.

20Fortherisk-seekers,apartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.

Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofrisk-seeking,we’llcontinuetohitthemountains,thewavesortheshallowendofthepool.alldependsonyourcharacter.aretherisksyoushouldjumptotake.betteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.,thesewell-equippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.iswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.brainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.答案:16~20FCAEGⅢ.完形填空導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)53090064Whenhewasseven,GlennCunninghamwasahealthyonedayaterrible21GlennandhisolderbrotherFloydwereaddingcoaltothefireplaceofthehouse,itwas22fromthehousebythe23Floydoutside,onlytolearnthatFloydwas24insidetheranbackintothe25tosavehisbrother.“Floyd!Floyd!26me!”Glennhefellunconscious(失去知覺的).Hecouldnot27FloydandFloyddiedinthefire.

Glenn28inhisbed,hisbodycoveredwithbandages(繃帶).Hetriedtogetup,29thesharppaininhislegsmadehimallhisleftfootwas30andcouldnotbearhisdoctorssaidGlennwouldnever31again.

WeekslaterthebandagesweretakenawayandGlennwasgivenwasalmost11yearsoldbeforehenolonger32them,andhewasalmost1333hisrightlegbecamestraightstretched(伸展)hislegseverymorningandtimeitbecameless34torun;hewas35overcoming(克服)his14,Glennbeganrunningwhereverhe16,hemadethehighschooltrackteam.

Atfirst,Glennonlyjoinedinshortraces.36,onedayheranthewholemileandsetarecordof37trainingandonMarch3,1938,atDartmouth’shugeindoortrack,heranthemileinanewworldwas38oneoftheworld’sfastestindoortracks,butGlenn’scourage,andyearsofeffortsand39paidoff.

Glennbrought40tohiscountrybywinningasilvermedalattheBerlinOlympicsintheyears,veryfewathletesachievedsuccessbyovercomingsuchdifficultiesasthosethatfacedGlennCunningham,themanwhowastoldhewouldneverrunagain.

答案:A提示:由下文描述火爐爆炸導(dǎo)致Glenn重傷和哥哥死亡可知,當(dāng)天發(fā)生了一件可怕的事。 答案:D提示:由下文Glenn沖進(jìn)火場(chǎng)救人可知,他被爆炸的沖擊波甩出了屋子。after forat up答案:B提示:由下文的“onlytolearnthatFloydwas...insidethehouse.”可知,Glenn在屋子外四處尋找哥哥的身影。 答案:C 答案:D提示:由ranback可知,Glenn得知哥哥還在屋子里后,便奮不顧身地沖進(jìn)火場(chǎng)救人。 答案:B提示:由上文的“tosavehisbrother.”可知,Glenn讓哥哥回答他。 答案:B提示:由下文的“Floyddiedinthefire.”可知,Glenn沒能救出哥哥。 答案:C提示:由上文的“Thenhefellunconscious(失去知覺的).”和下文的“hisbodycoveredwithbandages(繃帶).”可知,這是Glenn醒來(lái)時(shí)的場(chǎng)景。 答案:A提示:“試圖起床”和“疼痛難忍使得他哭了起來(lái)”之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 答案:D提示:由上文的fireplace和fire可知,Glenn的腳被燒傷。 答案:A提示:由下文的“themanwhowastoldhewouldneverrunagain.”可知,醫(yī)生告知Glenn他將再也無(wú)法跑步了。 答案:D提示:Glenn到11歲時(shí)不再依賴拐杖了。 答案:D提示:到Glenn差不多13歲時(shí),他的右腿才變直了。 答案:C 答案:A提示:由上下文描述Glenn恢復(fù)的過(guò)程可知,慢慢地,跑步也變得不怎么疼了,Glenn正逐漸克服自己的困難。 答案:B提示:由上文的“Glennonlyjoinedinshortraces.”和下文的“heranthewholemile”可知,此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折。 答案:C提示:由下文的“heranthemileinanewworldrecord.”可知,Glenn繼續(xù)訓(xùn)練。 答案:C提示:Dartmouth的室內(nèi)田徑跑道被認(rèn)為是世界上最快的室內(nèi)跑道之一。 答案:D提示:由Glenn取得的驕人成績(jī)可知,他多年的努力和訓(xùn)練沒有白費(fèi)。 答案:B提示:由下文的“winningasilvermedalattheBerlinOlympicsin1936.”可知,Glenn為他的祖國(guó)贏得了榮譽(yù)。Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)53090065CarlaandHaridecidedtobuyabookaboutfestivalstolearntheir41(origin)andwouldmeetatthegateofthebiggestbookshopat2setoffatabout1:30pm,andarrivedtheretwentyminutes42(late).Shewaiteduntil2:10pm,butHarididn’tturn43.CarlawasveryangrythatHarididn’tkeephiswasobviousthatshewas44(fool).Carlawasweepingwhensheheard“Aprilfool”,whichremindedher45AprilFool’swasn’twrongtoplaytricksonothersthisdayandnotnecessaryforHaritoapologizetoher.46(see)hertears,Hariheldhisbreathtostophimselfspenthalfanhourchoosingabooktheywanted.

Fromthebook,theyhavelearnttherearedifferentkindsoffestivalsand47(celebrate).Theiroriginsaredifferent;somearereligious,someareseasonal,someareinmemoryoftheirancestorsorsomespecialpeopleorknowtheSpringFestivalisthemost48(energy)andimportantfestivalinoftentakesplaceinJanuaryorFebruaryandisatimeforpeopletolookforwardtoit,becausetheycandressupandhavefunwithothersdayandtheywon’tset49fireworkswithouttheirparents’50(permit).OnNewYear’sEve,thewholenationlooksasthoughtheyarecrazyanddrownthemselvesinhappiness.

答案:Ⅴ.短文改錯(cuò)假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤,每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意:1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。Asfarasweknow,themajorreasonofglobalwarmingisduetohuman,theuseoffossilfuelsbyindustryreleasesgreenhouse,cuttingdownforestsmeanthatlesscarbondioxidecanbechangedbackintoconsequenceofglobalwarming,thesealevelispeoplearesufferingfrommoreextremeweatherofglobalincreaseintemperatureisalsocausingmuchdamagestothebalanceof’shightimethatwewilltakemeasuresto