Unit1BusinessKaleidoscope1Workinpairs.talkaboutbusinessactivitiesshowninthepicturesbelow.aThispictureshowsasceneinasupermarket.Asoneofmodernretailoutlets,thesupermarketplaysanimportantroleintheretailingbusiness.Thispictureshowsanassemblylineinacarfactory.Car-makingisoneofthemostimportantsectorsofthemanufacturingbusiness.Thispictureshowsthatahotelreceptionistisreceivingguests.Hotelreceptionisavitalpartofhotelservice.Thispictureshowsacabinattendantprovidingdrinkstopassengers.Airtransportationprovidestheserviceoftransportingpassengersand/orcargousingaircrafts,suchasairplanes.Thispictureshowsaharvestergatheringgraininthefields.Farmingreferstograingrowing,livestockraisingandhorticulture.Farmingisaprimaryindustry.

Thispictureshowsabankinoperation.Bankisconcernedwiththebusinessofprovidingfinancialservicestoconsumersandbusinesses.Thispictureshowsaconstructionsite.Buildingandconstructionrefertotheprocessofaddingastructuretorealproperty.Itisasecondaryindustry.Thispictureshowsarealestateagency.Realestaterentalisconcernedwithrentingorleasingrealestateandprovidingrelatedservices.2Businessactivityinvolvesproducingandsellinggoodsandservices.Accordingtowhattheyproduce,businessescanbeclassifiedintogoods-producing,service-providingoracombinationofboth.egbakeryshoefactorytravelagencybank3Workinpairs.discusswhattypeofbusinessyouthinkthefollowingcompaniesareengagedinWal-MartStoresInc.(brandedaswalmart)isanAmericanpubliccorporationthatisengagedintheretailingbusiness.Itrunsachainoflarge,discountdepartmentstores.Itistheworld’slargestpubliccorporationbyrevenue,accordingtothe2008FortuneGlobal500.McDonald’sCorporationistheworld’slargestchainofhamburgerfastfoodrestaurants.LenovoGroupLimitedisamultinationaltechnologycorporationthatdevelops,manufacturesandmarketsdesktopandlaptoppersonalcomputers,workstations,servers,storagedrivers,ITmanagementsoftwareandrelatedservices.AirChinaistheonlyairlinecompanywhichcarriesthenationalflag.AirChinatakestheresponsibilityofspecialplanetaskforChinesenationalleadersvisitingabroad,andforeignleadersandgovernmentalleadersvisitingChina,whichdemonstratestheexclusivestatusasthenationalflagcarrier.ItbecameamemberofStarAllianceinDecember2007anditleadsdomesticcounterpartsinpassengerandfreightairtransportandrelatedservices.Chery

Auromobileisanautomobilemanufacturer.ItisthelargestindependentChineseautomanufacturerandoneofthefastestgrowingautomakersintheworld.HolidayInnisabrandofhotelswithintheInter-ContinentalHotelsGroupWordsandexpressionstertiary

英

['t???(?)r?]

美

['t???'?ri]

n.第三紀(jì)；第三修道會(huì)會(huì)員；第三級(jí)教士adj.第三的；第三位的；三代的tertiarysector

第三產(chǎn)業(yè)部門(mén);第三產(chǎn)業(yè);tertiaryeducation高等教育，大學(xué)教育engage

英

[?n'ge?d?;en-]

美

[?n'ɡed?]

vt.吸引，占用；使參加；雇傭；使訂婚；預(yù)定vi.從事；答應(yīng)Ihaveneverengagedindrugtrafficking.我從來(lái)沒(méi)有從事過(guò)販毒。Theytriedtoengagehiminconversation.他們?cè)噲D使他加入談話。Shefoundithardtoengagewithofficelife.她發(fā)現(xiàn)難以融入辦公室生活。complicate

英

['k?mpl?ke?t]

美

['kɑmpl?ket]

vt.使復(fù)雜化；使惡化；使卷入Whatcomplicatestheissueistheburdenofhistory.使問(wèn)題復(fù)雜化是歷史的重負(fù)。I

think

that

isbecause

we

unnecessarily

complicate

it.

我想這是因?yàn)槲覀儾槐匾貙⑸顝?fù)雜化了。

wholesale

英

['h??lse?l]

美

['holsel]

批發(fā)的；大規(guī)模的Warehouseclubsallowmemberstobuygoodsatwholesaleprices.倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)式會(huì)所允許會(huì)員以批發(fā)價(jià)購(gòu)買(mǎi)商品。wholesalemarket批發(fā)市場(chǎng)wholesaleprice批發(fā)價(jià)格wholesalebusiness批發(fā)業(yè)務(wù)，批發(fā)生意wholesaletrade批發(fā)貿(mào)易Hedoes

wholesale

business,while

his

brother

is

engagedin

retail

business.

他經(jīng)營(yíng)批發(fā)生意，

他弟弟則經(jīng)營(yíng)零售生意。define

英

[d?'fa?n]

美

[d?'fa?n]

vt.定義；使明確；規(guī)定This

word

ishardto

define.

此詞難下定義。attempt

英

[?'tem(p)t]

美

[?'t?mpt]n.企圖，試圖；攻擊vt.企圖，試圖；嘗試attempttodosomething努力...；試圖...He

gaveup

the

attempt

in

despair.

他在絕望中放棄了這種嘗試。inturn

輪流，依次We

will

examine

eachof

these

methods

in

turn.

我們將按照順序依次分析這些方法。institutional

英

[?nst?'tju??(?)n(?)l]

美

[,?nst?'tu??nl]

adj.制度的；制度上的institutionalfactor

制度因素;體制因素

Institutionalinnovations

制度創(chuàng)新

namely

英

['ne?ml?]

美

['nemli]

adv.也就是；即是；換句話說(shuō)efficient

英

[?'f??(?)nt]

美

[?'f??nt]

adj.有效率的；有能力的；生效的energyefficient節(jié)能efficientproduction有效生產(chǎn)efficientmarket有效市場(chǎng)But

howcan

we

be

more

efficient?

可是我們?cè)趺床拍芨行誓兀縞harity

英

['t??r?t?]

美

['t??r?ti]

n.慈善；施舍；慈善團(tuán)體；寬容；施舍物charityevent

慈善賽;慈善事件;慈善活動(dòng);慈悲賽charityschool

慈善學(xué)校;貧民學(xué)校charityinstitution

慈善機(jī)構(gòu)charitysale義賣(mài)Hemadesubstantialdonationstocharity.他做了大量的慈善捐贈(zèng)。Herhusbandisunemployedandthefamilydependsoncharity.她的丈夫失業(yè)了，全家靠救濟(jì)度日。minimization

[,m?n?m?'ze??n]

n.減到最小限度；估到最低額；輕視costminimization

成本極小化;成本最小化;lossminimization

損失極小化;損失最小化Wehadabouttenhours'warning,sowewereabletominimizetheeffectsoftheflood.由于在十小時(shí)前發(fā)出了警報(bào)，我們能夠把水災(zāi)的破壞減至最低程度。

expenditure

英

[?k'spend?t??;ek-]

美

[?k'sp?nd?t??]

n.支出，花費(fèi)；經(jīng)費(fèi)，消費(fèi)額capitalexpenditure

資本支出;資本開(kāi)支;非經(jīng)常開(kāi)支;基建費(fèi)用Nonbusinessexpenditure

營(yíng)業(yè)外支出totalexpenditure

總支出;總開(kāi)支;支出合計(jì)financialexpenditure

財(cái)政支出Annualexpenditure

年度支出;

raw

英

[r??]

美

[r?]

adj.生的；未加工的；陰冷的；刺痛的Weimportrawmaterialsandenergyandexportmainlyindustrialproducts.我們進(jìn)口原材料和能源，主要出口工業(yè)產(chǎn)品。...apopulardishmadeofrawfish.…由生魚(yú)做的一道很受歡迎的菜肴。mining

英

['ma?n??]

美

['ma?n??]

n.礦業(yè)；采礦miningownership

采礦權(quán)...traditionalindustriessuchascoalminingandsteelmaking.…像采煤和煉鋼這樣的傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)。assemble

英

[?'semb(?)l]

美

[?'s?mbl]

vt.集合，聚集；裝配；收集vi.集合，聚集Therewasn'tevenaconvenientplaceforstudentstoassemblebetweenclasses.甚至沒(méi)有一個(gè)學(xué)生們課間集合的方便的地方。assembleline作業(yè)的裝配線Thecaptain

called

the

men

to

assemble.隊(duì)長(zhǎng)命令部隊(duì)集合。invisible

英

[?n'v?z?b(?)l]

美

[?n'v?z?bl]

adj.無(wú)形的，看不見(jiàn)的；Invisiblehand

看不見(jiàn)的手;無(wú)形之手

Translation1Businessreferstotheactivitiesofproducing,purchasingandsellinggoodsandservices.2Thiscompanyismainlyengagedincarselling.3Are