CET4

：聽力---

passage二、短文部分

全真短文以一般知識型短文和人物故事為主，還包括幾篇說明文和社會熱門話題類的短文．一般知識型短文在內(nèi)容上介于科普知識和社會問題之間；人物故事一般描述歷史上的真人真事和常人的經(jīng)歷或生活趣聞；說明文是對事物或現(xiàn)象進行說明或解釋；熱門話題類短文講述的人都為人們所關(guān)注的熱點問題．（一）主觀題型

主觀題型從提問的性質(zhì)看大致分為主旨題型和綜合推斷題型兩種．（二）客觀題型主旨題型

短文的中心思想是對全文的概括，對全文的基本了解。與事實題型相反。主旨題型主要測試考生對全文的理解．這類問題要求考生從四個選擇項中挑出最合適做中心思想的句子或最適合做標題的句子，屬于主觀性的問題．在歷年真題中，主旨題型的提問方式主要有：Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?Whatdowelearnfromthestory?Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

由于表現(xiàn)手法不同，主旨句的位置也就不固定，或在段首，或在段尾，或者段首段尾相結(jié)合，共同表達一個完全的主題．段首句為主題句的文章屬于演繹性文章。文章的開頭就明確主題，然后用演繹法，將觀點展開．結(jié)尾句為主題句的文章屬于歸納性文章．文章是稱述論點、論據(jù)，最后得出結(jié)論-------文章的主題．首尾句呼應表達一個完整的概念，表達文章的中心思想．綜合推斷題型

該題目測試考生的推理判斷能力.要求依據(jù)短文提供的已知信息作出合理的推測和正確的判斷.此類題目在全真試題中所占比例很大.按其提問方式是非判斷也包括在內(nèi)。主要提問方式如下:Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?Whatdoesthepassagetellusabout…?Whatdowelearnfromthestory?WhatwasEdwardsdoingwhen?Whatisthespeaker’simpressionof…?Whatis…profession?Whathappenedintheend?WhichofthefollowingisNottrue?

綜合推斷題要求考生運用所學的語言知識、語法知識，根據(jù)自己的綜合常識，結(jié)合材料中的語境進行判斷．判斷要符合邏輯．客觀題型

客觀題型主要測試考生對短文細節(jié)的判別能力。此類題目與主觀題的區(qū)別在于：其答案在原文中較明確．此類題目涉及面很廣，提問一般以wh-question和how-question進行，所問內(nèi)容涉及到人名、地點、時間、年代、數(shù)字、原因、目的等方面。解題的關(guān)鍵在于聽清錄音，找出正確選項的出處，以排除干擾項，從而確定問題的答案。綜觀歷屆考試，再應試時應注意以下幾個方面：預覽選項通過預覽選項可以預測短文的內(nèi)容及提問形式。抓住主題句抓住文章的主題句就容易掌握文章的中心思想．要特別注意聽清文章的開頭和結(jié)尾的一、兩句，因為它們常常是主題句．記錄事實大體預測到題目的要求及短文的內(nèi)容，在聽音過程中，就要有目的的去抓聽、記錄與題目有關(guān)的事實，例如：時間、地點、人物等．這些信息的記錄最好不要按選項的順序，而是根據(jù)錄音中提供的先后順序在空白處記錄。否則，會因在選項中找不到需要的信息而分心，影響下文的聽音．

４．抓住信息詞即一些連接短文各個句子、表明上下文邏輯關(guān)系的詞，對理解短文非常重要，對于短文內(nèi)容如何發(fā)展起到信號指示的作用。此類詞大致可分為四類：Ａ．起順序連接作用的詞，即并列、遞進、例示作用的詞，如：and,also,inaddition,forexample,furthermore,morethanthat,likewise,moreover,whatismore等;Ｂ．起逆接作用的詞，即表明下面的內(nèi)容和上面的內(nèi)容發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折的詞，如：but,however,inspiteof,onthecontrary,instead,although,otherwise,despite,nevertheless,yet等；Ｃ．表示因果關(guān)系的詞，如：because,since,asaresult,therefore,for,thus,forthisreason,so,as,since,consequently等；Ｄ．表示短文層次和先后關(guān)系的詞，如：first,second,last,before,after,then,accordingly,finally,next,afterward等；E.表概括(summary)的詞

asaresult,finally,therefore,accordingly,inshortso,thus,consequently,inconclusion,inbrief,inaword等；

５．學會推斷根據(jù)明示信息和錄音的字里行間進行綜合推斷。這類題目比明示信息題目難的多．６．聽清問題解題是聽短文的目的，所以聽清短文后的問題是解題的關(guān)鍵．關(guān)于短文聽力的訓練方法

Step1聽第一遍時認真做題Step2再精聽4-5次，達到全文記錄Step3對照文字材料找答案和考點Step4朗讀全文培養(yǎng)語感提高語速考試時候語段題的解題步驟

1．聽之前看選項

1)看選項長短

2)找出選項中的相同詞：高頻詞匯——以便確定文章的內(nèi)容和范圍

3)找數(shù)字題——年代，時間，數(shù)目，金錢（聽到什么選什么）

2．抓兩頭

1)聽到結(jié)尾——>回憶結(jié)尾的一兩句話2)什么時候結(jié)束？重復詞(重復出現(xiàn)的詞就是文章所講述的重點內(nèi)容)，同時提示文章快要結(jié)束了Asaresult,so,therefore,thus均提示文章快要結(jié)束了3．中間抓小詞1)要牢記以下七個小詞：first,most,because出現(xiàn)，99%會出考題

only,just也會出考題but,however也會出考題

2)?？嫉倪壿嬯P(guān)系：并列：and因果：because轉(zhuǎn)折：but,however

遞進：themore,themore讓步：despite,although,though總結(jié)投機取巧原則聽即原則：聽見什么選什么重讀原則：語音辨別，讀多次。順序原則：行文順序和題目一致主題原則：頭三尾二原因原則：原因最?？糱ecause,so,as轉(zhuǎn)折原則：轉(zhuǎn)折次常考buthoweveryet光明原則：事情都向好的方向發(fā)展最高級原則：形容詞副詞最高級形式一旦出現(xiàn)，則此句即成為考點，如：themostimportantreasonis……;theirbiggesttroublewas……;heworkedmostefficientlywhen……科學研究原則：科學研究表明……偏怪小原則：故事總是很稀奇古怪的特別提示：短文聽力最忌諱的方式不動手:忌諱閉眼、低頭，伏案多而不精不愿朗讀養(yǎng)成良好的習慣只需要堅持4周，便能改變一生的習慣

EXERCISESPassageone

Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11. A)Hewasonceafriendoftheruler.B)Hewasataxcollector.C)Hewasagovernmentofficial.D)HewasonceaschoolteacherinIndia.12. A)Todeclarenewwaysofcollectingtax.B)Toentertainthosewhohadmadegreatcontributionstothegovernment.C)Tocollectmoneyfromthepersonsinvited.D)Torewardoutstandingtaxcollectors.13. A)Theytriedtocollectmoremoneythantheruleraskedfor.B)Theyweregivensomesilverandgoldcoinsbytheruler.C)Theywereexcusedfrompayingincometax.D)Theyenjoyedbeinginvitedtodinnerattheruler’spalace.DACPassageOne

Afriendofminetoldmethatwhenhewasayoungman,hewenttoworkasateacherinoneofthestatesofIndia.Onedayhereceivedaninvitationtodinnerattheruler'spalace.Verypleased,hewenttotellhiscolleagues.Theylaughedandtoldhimthemeaningoftheinvitation.Theyhadallbeeninvitedandeachpersonwhowasinvitedhastobringwithhimacertainnumberofsilverandgoldcoins.Thenumberofcoinsvariedaccordingtotheperson'spositionintheserviceofthegovernment.

Myfriend'sincomewasnothigh,sohedidnothavemuchtopay.Eachpersonboundbeforetheruler,hisgoldwentontoonehip,hissilverwentontoanotherhip,andinthiswayhepaidhisincometaxfortheyear.Thiswasasimplewayofcollectingincometax.

Thetaxonpropertywasalsocollectedsimply:Therulergaveamanthepowertocollectataxfromeachowneroflandorpropertyinacertainareaifthismanpromisedtopaytheruleracertainamountofmoney.Ofcoursethetaxcollectormanagedtocollectmoremoneythanhepaidtotheruler.Thedifferencebetweenthesumofmoneyhecollectedandthesumofmoneyhegavetotherulerwashisprofit.Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

11.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeaker'sfriend?

12.Whatwastherealpurposeoftheruler'sinvitation?

13.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutthetaxcollectors?PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14. A)Theylikedtraveling.B)Theywantedtofindabetterplacetolivein.C)Theyweredrivenoutoftheirhomes.D)Thereasonsareunknown.15. A)TheytrytoputupwithGypsies.B)TheyareenviousofGypsies.C)TheyareunfriendlytoGypsies.D)TheyadmirethemusicaltalentoftheGypsies.16. A)Specialschoolshavebeensetupforthem.B)Permanenthomeshavebeenbuiltforthem.C)Theyarenowtaughtintheirownlanguage.D)Theyarenowallowedtoattendlocalschools.BACPassagetwo

Aroundtheyear1000A.D.,somepeoplefromNorthwestIndiabegantotravelwestwards.Nobodyknowswhy.Afterleavingtheirhomes,theydidnotsettledownagainbutspenttheirlivesmovingfromoneplacetoanother.TheirlatergenerationsarecalledtheRomanypeopleorGypsies.ThereareGypsiesallovertheworld.Andmanyofthemarestilltravelingwithnofixedhomes.Thereareabout8millionofthem,including3millioninEasternEurope.

Gypsiessometimeshaveahardtimeinthecountrieswheretheytravel,becausetheyaredifferent.Peoplemaybeafraidofthem,lookdownonthemorthinkthattheyarecriminals.TheNazistreatedtheGypsiescruelly,liketheJews.AndnobodyknowshowmanyofthemdiedinHitler'sdeathcamps.

Gypsieshavetheirownlanguage,Romany.Theylikemusicanddancing,andtheyoftenworkinfairsandtravelingshows.

TravellingisveryimportanttothemandmanyGypsiesareunhappyiftheyhavetostayinoneplace.Becauseofthis,itisdifficultforGypsieschildrentogotoschool.AndGypsiesareoftenunabletoreadandwrite.Insomeplaces,theeducationauthoritiestrytoarrangespecialtravellingschoolsforGypsychildrensothattheycangetthesameeducationasotherchildren.Questions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

14.WhydidtheancestorsofGypsiesleavetheirhome?

15.WhatistheattitudeofsomepeopletowardsGypsies?

16.WhatmeasurehasbeentakentohelpGypsychildren?PassageThree

Questions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17. A)Thecausesareobvious.B)Thecausesareverycomplicated.C)Thecausesarefamiliar.D)Thecausesarenotwellunderstood.18. A)Regulardrivertraining.B)Improvedhighwaydesign.C)Strictertrafficregulations.D)Betterpublictransportation.19. A)Highwaycrime.B)Poortrafficcontrol.C)Confusingroadsigns.D)Drivers’errors.20. A)Designingbettercars.B)Buildingmorehighways.C)Increasingpeople’sawarenessoftrafficproblems.D)Enhancingdrivers’senseofresponsibility.DABDPassagethree

Asthecarindustrydevelops,trafficaccidentshavebecomeasfamiliarasthecommoncold.Yettheircauseandcontrolremainaseriousproblemthatisdifficulttosolve.

Expertshavelongrecognizedthatthisdiscouragingproblemhasmultiplecauses.Attheveryleastitisaproblemthatinvolvesthreefactors:thedriver,thevehicleandtheroadway.Ifalldriversexercisedg