ChapterSix

InternationalTradePractice國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)TextAIncoterms2010

TeachingobjectivesTomasterIncoterms2010Teachingprocedure1.Skimthetextandgetthemainideaofit2.Studythenewwordsandexpressions3.Studythetext4.DoexercisesTeachingemphasesIncoterms2010SkimthetextandgetthemainideaofitStudentA’sanswer…StudentB’sanswer…StudentC’sanswer……WordsandExpressions

definev.下定義;規(guī)定,使明確

deliverv.遞送,交付,使分娩;投遞,傳送

prioradj.優(yōu)先的；占先的

versionn.版本；譯文，譯本；說法

frontiern.邊疆，邊境；adj.邊疆的，邊界的；新墾地的，邊地的；開拓的WordsandExpressionsquayn.碼頭，埠頭

categoryn.類型，部門，種類，類別，類目；［邏，哲］范疇；體重等級

regardlessof不顧，不管

moden.方式；狀況；時尚，風(fēng)尚；調(diào)式

premisesn.(pl)房屋連同附屬建筑和土地；房產(chǎn)WordsandExpressionsmaximumn.最大量，最大數(shù)adj.最多的

obligationn.(法律或道義上的)義務(wù)，職責(zé)，責(zé)任

destinationn.目的地

explicitadj.

(指陳述)明白表示的，明確的；（指人）說話明白正確的

tothis/thateffect有這個/那個意思或信息WordsandExpressionshandover交出；交付；交給；讓與

terminaln.終端；終點站；航站樓

exceptfor除……之外（但……不包括在內(nèi)）

assumev.承擔(dān)，擔(dān)任

inlandadj.內(nèi)地的，內(nèi)陸的；國內(nèi)的adv.向內(nèi)地，在內(nèi)地；向內(nèi)陸，在內(nèi)陸n.內(nèi)地，內(nèi)陸；國內(nèi)WordsandExpressionsalongsideprep.在……旁邊；橫靠；傍著adv.在……的側(cè)面；在……旁邊；與……并排

containern.集裝箱，貨柜

bulkn.（大）體積；大塊，大量；大多數(shù)，大部分adj.大批的，大量的；散裝的

vesseln.容器；船，飛船；血管，管束

nominatev.指定（時間、日期、名稱等）;提名……為候選人；任命；挑選

applicableadj.適當(dāng)?shù)?；可?yīng)用的Para.1Theeighthpublishedsetofpre-definedterms,Incoterms2010defines11rules,reducingthe13usedinIncoterms2000byintroducingtwonewrules(“DeliveredatTerminal”,DAT;“DeliveredatPlace”,DAP)thatreplacefourrulesofthepriorversion(“DeliveredatFrontier”,DAF;“DeliveredExShip”,DES;“DeliveredExQuay”,DEQ;“DeliveredDutyUnpaid”,DDU).Inthepriorversion,therulesweredividedintofourcategories,butthe11pre-definedtermsofIncoterms2010aresubdividedintotwocategoriesbasedonlyonmethodofdelivery.Thelargergroupofsevenrulesappliesregardlessofthemethodoftransport,withthesmallergroupoffourbeingapplicableonlytosalesthatsolelyinvolvetransportationoverwater.NoteforUnderstandingPara.12.Theeighthpublishedsetofpre-definedterms,Incoterms2010defines11rules,reducingthe13usedinIncoterms2000byintroducingtwonewrules(“DeliveredatTerminal”,DAT;“DeliveredatPlace”,DAP)thatreplacefourrulesofthepriorversion(“DeliveredatFrontier”,DAF;“DeliveredExShip”,DES;“DeliveredExQuay”,DEQ;“DeliveredDutyUnpaid”,DDU).此長句的主句為Incoterms2010defines11rules，theeighthpublishedsetofpre-definedterms作Incoterms2010的同位語，reducing…為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。全句意為：第八套業(yè)已定義并出版的術(shù)語——《2010年國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》定義了11條規(guī)則，它引入了兩條新規(guī)則：終點站交貨（DAT）和目的地交貨（DAP），代替《2000年國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》中的邊境交貨（DAF）、船邊交貨（DES）、目的港交貨（DEQ）和未完稅交貨（DDU）4條規(guī)則，從而將《2000年國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》的13條規(guī)則減少（到11條）。Para.2and3RulesforAnyMode(s)ofTransport

ThesevenrulesdefinedbyIncoterms2010foranymode(s)oftransportationare:

EXW—ExWorks(namedplaceofdelivery)

Thesellermakesthegoodsavailableatitspremises.Thistermplacesthemaximumobligationonthebuyerandminimumobligationsontheseller.TheExWorkstermisoftenusedwhenmakinganinitialquotationforthesaleofgoodswithoutanycostsincluded.EXWmeansthatasellerhasthegoodsreadyforcollectionathispremises(works,factory,warehouse,plant)onthedateagreedupon.Thebuyerpaysalltransportationcostsandalsobearstherisksforbringingthegoodstotheirfinaldestination.Thesellerdoesn’tloadthegoodsoncollectingvehiclesanddoesn’tclearthemforexport.Ifthesellerdoesloadthegoods,hedoessoatthebuyer’sriskandcost.Ifpartieswishthesellertoberesponsiblefortheloadingofthegoodsondepartureandtobeartheriskandallcostsofsuchloading,thismustbemadeclearbyaddingexplicitwordingtothiseffectinthecontractofsale.Para.4,5and6FCA—FreeCarrier(namedplaceofdelivery)

Thesellerhandsoverthegoods,clearedforexport,intothedisposalofthefirstcarrier(namedbythebuyer)atthenamedplace.Thesellerpaysforcarriagetothenamedpointofdelivery,andriskpasseswhenthegoodsarehandedovertothefirstcarrier.

CPT—CarriagePaidTo(namedplaceofdestination)

Thesellerpaysforcarriage.Risktransferstothebuyeruponhandinggoodsovertothefirstcarrier.

CIP—CarriageandInsurancePaidto(namedplaceofdestination)

Thesellerpaysforcarriageandinsurancetothenameddestinationpoint,butriskpasseswhenthegoodsarehandedovertothefirstcarrier.Para.7,8and9DAT—DeliveredatTerminal(namedterminalatportorplaceofdestination)

Thesellerpaysforcarriagetotheterminal,exceptforcostsrelatedtoimportclearance,andassumesallrisksuptothepointthatthegoodsareunloadedattheterminal.

DAP—DeliveredatPlace(namedplaceofdestination)

Thesellerpaysforcarriagetothenamedplace,exceptforcostsrelatedtoimportclearance,andassumesallriskspriortothepointthatthegoodsarereadyforunloadingbythebuyer.

DDP—DeliveredDutyPaid(namedplaceofdestination)

Thesellerisresponsiblefordeliveringthegoodstothenamedplaceinthecountryofthebuyer,andpaysallcostsinbringingthegoodstothedestinationincludingimportdutiesandtaxes.Thistermplacesthemaximumobligationsonthesellerandminimumobligationsonthebuyer.NoteforUnderstandingPara.7,8and93.Thesellerpaysforcarriagetotheterminal,exceptforcostsrelatedtoimportclearance,andassumesallrisksuptothepointthatthegoodsareunloadedattheterminal.

此句為and連接的并列句。第一個分句中含有由exceptfor引導(dǎo)的介詞短語，在分句中作狀語。全句意為：賣方支付（貨物）到目的地的運費（進(jìn)口清關(guān)費用除外），并承擔(dān)貨物在目的地卸下之前的一切風(fēng)險。

4.Thesellerisresponsiblefordeliveringthegoodstothenamedplaceinthecountryofthebuyer,andpaysallcostsinbringingthegoodstothedestinationincludingimportdutiesandtaxes.

此句為and連接的并列句。全句意為：賣方負(fù)責(zé)將貨物運至買方所在國家的指定目的地，并支付將貨物運至目的地的包括進(jìn)口關(guān)稅在內(nèi)的一切費用。Para.10and11RulesforSeaandInlandWaterwayTransport

ThefourrulesdefinedbyIncoterms2010forinternationaltradewheretransportationisentirelyconductedbywaterare:

FAS—FreeAlongsideShip(namedportofshipment)

Thesellermustplacethegoodsalongsidetheshipatthenamedport.Thesellermustclearthegoodsforexport.ItissuitableonlyformaritimetransportbutNOTformultimodalseatransportincontainers(seeIncoterms2010,ICCpublication715).Thistermistypicallyusedforheavy-liftorbulkcargo.Para.12FOB—FreeonBoard(namedportofshipment)

Thesellermustloadthegoodsonboardthevesselnominatedbythebuyer.Costandriskaredividedwhenthegoodsareactuallyonboardofthevessel(thisruleisnew!).Thesellermustclearthegoodsforexport.ThetermisapplicableformaritimeandinlandwaterwaytransportonlybutNOTformultimodalseatransportincontainers(seeIncoterms2010,ICCpublication715).Thebuyermustinstructthesellerthedetailsofthevesselandtheportwherethegoodsaretobeloaded,andthereisnoreferenceto,orprovisionfor,theuseofacarrierorforwarder.ThistermhasbeengreatlymisusedoverthelastthreedecadeseversinceIncoterms1980explainedthatFCAshouldbeusedforcontainershipments.Para.13and14CFR—CostandFreight(namedportofdestination)

Thesellermustpaythecostsandfreighttobringthegoodstotheportofdestination.However,riskistransferredtothebuyeroncethegoodsareloadedonthevessel(thisruleisnew!).ItissuitableonlyformaritimetransportandinsuranceforthegoodsisNOTincluded.ThistermisformerlyknownasCNF(C&F).

CIF—Cost,InsuranceandFreight(namedportofdestination)

ItisexactlythesameasCFRexceptthatthesellermustinadditionprocureandpayfortheinsurance.Itissuitableonlyformaritimetransport.KeytotheexercisesII.

1.maritime

2.onboard

3.theseller

4.to

5.that

III.

1.Thepowersofajudgearedefinedbylaw.

2.Ishallhavetodeclineyourinvitationbecauseofapriorengagement.

3.Hecontinuedspeaking,regardlessofmyfeelingsonthematter.

4.Thefirmislookingforlargerpremises.

5.Thishallholdsamaximumofseventypeople.

IV.

1. 你沒有義務(wù)為沒有訂購的貨付款。

2. 他叫我滾出去，或說了這種意思的話。

3. 這頓飯非常好，只是第一道菜差一些。

4. 車靠著道邊停了下來。

5. 這些麻袋不易搬運，不是因為它們重而是因為它們的體積太大。TextBCargoInsuranceGuide

TeachingobjectiveTomastertheCargoInsuranceTeachingprocedure1.Skimthetextandgetthemainideaofit2.Studythenewwordsandexpressions3.Studythetext4.DoexercisesTeachingemphasesCargoInsuranceSkimthetextandgetthemainideaofitStudentA’sanswer…StudentB’sanswer…StudentC’sanswer……WordsandExpressions

cargon.貨物，船貨

insurancen.保險；保險費；保險契約；賠償金

guiden.指南；向?qū)В蝗腴T書

transportv.運輸n.運輸；運輸機

indemnifyv.賠償；保護(hù)；使免于受罰WordsandExpressionsmarineadj.船舶的；海運的n.海運業(yè)；艦隊；水兵

commencev.開始；著手，使……開始

encounterv.遭遇，邂逅；遇到n.遭遇，偶然碰見

invoicen.發(fā)票；發(fā)貨單v.開發(fā)票；記清單

transhipmentn.轉(zhuǎn)載，［水運］轉(zhuǎn)船WordsandExpressionsautomaticallyadv.自動地；機械地；無意識地

beneficialadj.有益的，有利的

contingentadj.因情況而異的；不一定的；可能的；偶然的；［邏］有條件的n.分遣隊；偶然事件

unobtainableadj.難獲得的；不能得到的

innocentadj.無辜的；無罪的；無知的n.天真的人

externaladj.外部的；表面的n.外部；外觀Para.1,2and3Whatiscargoinsurance?

Cargoinsuranceisaninsurancepolicytakenuptoprotectagainstlossofordamagetoyourgoodswhiletheyarebeingtransported.

Thepolicyismeanttoindemnifyyouifthereisanylossordamagetoyourcargo.Cargoinsurancewouldcoverthegoodswhiletheyarebeingtransportedoversea,airandland(includesparcelpostandcarryingsbycourierservice).

Althoughtheterm“marinecargoinsurance”issometimesused,itactuallyincludescoverforthelandtransitcommencingfromthemomentthegoodsleavethestorageuntiltheyarriveatthefinalwarehouse.ⅠⅠⅠⅠNoteforUnderstandingPara.1,2and32. Althoughtheterm“marinecargoinsurance”issometimesused,itactuallyincludescoverforthelandtransitcommencingfromthemomentthegoodsleavethestorageuntiltheyarriveatthefinalwarehouse.

此句主句為“it...includes...”，“although”引導(dǎo)的分句表示轉(zhuǎn)折，位于句首。全句意為：盡管人們有時使用“水運貨物保險”這一術(shù)語，但實際上它還包括陸上運輸保險，從貨物離開儲運地開始直到貨物被運抵目的地倉庫。Para.4,5and6WhyshouldIbuyOceanCargoInsurance?

Whilephysicaldamageontransitclaimsmaynotbeaproblem,importersandexportersshouldbeawarethatover50voyagesayearencounterheavyweatherwhereshippingcontainersarelostoverboard.

Duetotheinternationalpolicyallshipperswithsafe-landedcargocontributingtothelosswillrequirethattheownerofthegoodseitherputupacashsecurity,postabondorwillbeunabletohavethegoodsreleasedfromthecarrieruntilafinancialguaranteeisgiventorespondforthecontribution.

Withanopencargopolicy,theinsurancecompanywillpostthebondandensurethespeedyreleaseonowners’cargo.Para.7,8and9HowmuchinsurancedoIneedtobuy?

Thestandardpracticeistocovertheinvoicecostplusfreightplusapercentagetocovertheanticipatedprofit(normally10%to20%isadequate).

Thelargestshipmentanticipatedwiththeaddedfreightandthepercentageofadvanceaddedisnormallythepolicylimit.

TheshipmentscanbereportedmonthlytotheCompanyandbilledattheendofeachmonth,sounlikepropertypolicies,thecargopolicycanbeissuedona“pay-as-you-go”basis.Para.10,11and12Whatisthedifferencebetweenasinglevoyagepolicyandopencover?

SingleVoyagePolicy

Thisisthemostpopularformofcargoinsurancecover.Avoyagepolicy,asitsnameimplies,offerscoverageforaparticularvoyageforwhichistakenup.

Itofferscoveragefromthetimethecargoleavestheseller,whileitisintransitanduntilitreachesthebuyer.

Often,theportofloading,transhipmentanddischargearealsorequiredtobedisclosedintheproposalform.Para.13,14and15OpenCover

Anopencoverisnotaninsurancepolicy.Itisactuallyanagreementbetweentheinsuredandtheinsurancecompanytoinsurealltheshipmentswhichfallwithinthetermsandconditionsagreedbybothparties.

Thesetermsandconditionswhichareagreedinadvanceincludedetailsofvoyages,maximumvalueofcargoescarriedinanyoneshipment,natureofcargoandpackagingandratesapplicable.Theinsuredwouldthenhavetodeclarehisshipmentstotheinsureronanindividualormonthlybasis.

Aslongasthedetailsoftheshipmentcomewithinthetermsandconditionsoftheopencoveragreement,theshipmentisautomaticallycovered.Para.16,17and18Theinsurerisalsoobligedtoacceptalldeclarationsmadebytheinsuredundertheopenpolicyiftheycomeunderthetermsandconditionsoftheopencover.

Theopencoverisespeciallybeneficialtothosewhoshipgoodsfrequentlyasitsavesthemtheneedtoapplyforcargoinsuranceforeachoftheirshipments.

Therewouldalsobenoneedtowaitfortheseindividualpoliciestobeapprovedbecause,asmentioned,allshipmentsareautomaticallyapprovediftheycomewithinthetermsoftheopencoverandadeclarationismadefortheshipment.Para.19IfIbuyontermsofsalewhereIamnotresponsibletoinsurethegoods,howcanIinsurethegoods?

IfyouarethebuyerandareimportinggoodsfromoverseasontermsofsalessuchasCIF(Cost,InsuranceandFreight)3,whereyouarenotrequiredtoinsurethegoods,youmaystillhavea“contingent”exposurethatyoucouldcoverifthesellerplacedcoveragethatwas“l(fā)imited”andnotofferingthebroadtermsavailableintheinsurancemarketplaceinyourcountry.NoteforUnderstandingPara.193. CIF(Cost,InsuranceandFreight)成本，保險費加運費

指賣方在裝運港船上交貨或以取得已這樣交付貨物的方式交貨。貨物滅失或損壞的風(fēng)險在貨物交到船上時轉(zhuǎn)移。賣方須訂立運輸合同，或者證明其已取得一份這樣的合同，并支付必要的成本和運費（向買方提交提單或海運單等），將貨物運至指定的目的港。賣方須訂立貨物在運輸途中由買方承擔(dān)的貨物滅失或損壞風(fēng)險的保險合同。買方須知曉在此規(guī)則下賣方有義務(wù)投保的險別僅是最低保險險別。如買方希望得到更為充分的保險保障，則需與賣方明確地達(dá)成協(xié)議或者自行做出額外的保險安排。Para.20,21and22Whyisn’tthis“cargo”exposurecoveredbymyotherpolicies?

Cargoinsuranceismuchdifferentthanotherliabilityorpropertypolicies,thescopeisinternationalandtheextensionsofcoverageavailablearespecifictotheindustryandbroaderthanotherlinesofinsurance.

AnexampleofanextensionthatisunobtainableinotherlinesofbusinessisWarRiskCoverage.

The“cargoinsurance”isinternationalandallcoverageshavebeencreatedtogivetheinnocentshipperorimporterthebroadestprotectionavailablefrommostexternalcausesofloss.KeytotheexercisesII.

1.to

2.commencing

3.released

4.plus

5.basis

III.

1. Thesalvageoftheshipandcargowasunderway.

2. PleasequoteuspricesincludinginsuranceandfreighttoVancouver.

3. Weencountersomanyproblemsinourwork.

4. ShipmentistobemadebeforetheendofthisyearfromQingdaotoLondon,allowingpartialshipmentandtranshipment.

5. Agooddietisbeneficialtohealth.

IV.

1.若因甲方原因造成工作的延誤，將由甲方承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的損失賠償。

2.發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟體，如墨西哥和巴西，將在2040至2045年左右開始減排。

3.我們可以直接從發(fā)票金額中扣除傭金或在付款后匯給你方。4.這個框架將自動地查找并執(zhí)行文件，而不需要任何手動干預(yù)。

5.下一步付款須視完工日期是否令人滿意而定。TextCLetterofCredit(L/C)

TeachingobjectiveTomastertheLetterofCredit(L/C)Teachingprocedure1.Skimthetextandgetthemainideaofit2.Studythenewwordsandexpressions3.Studythetext4.DoexercisesTeachingemphasesLetterofCredit(L/C)SkimthetextandgetthemainideaofitStudentA’sanswer…StudentB’sanswer…StudentC’sanswer……WordsandExpressionsletterofcredit信用證

legaladj.合法的

instructv.指示,通知

notifyv.通報

shippingdocuments裝運單據(jù)WordsandExpressionsinvoicen.發(fā)票,發(fā)貨單

inorder整齊,狀況完好

advantageousadj.有利的

negotiatev.(與某人)商議,談判，議付

discountn.折扣openaccount未清結(jié)的賬目，往來賬戶WordsandExpressions

eliminatev.排除,消除

documentarycollection跟單托收

draftn.匯票

releasev.釋放，放出，公布specifyv.具體說明，詳述

inthepositionof處在……位置上Para.1ALetterofCreditisalegaldocumenttoarrangepaymentbetweenanimporterandexporter.Itactsassecurityforbothparties,givingtheexporterconfidencethattheimporterisabletopayforthegoodswhileassuringtheimporterthatpaymentwillbemadetotheexporteronlyafterthetermsoutlinedintheletterofcredithavebeenmet.NotesforUnderstandingPara.12.Itactsassecurityforbothparties,givingtheexporterconfidencethattheimporterisabletopayforthegoodswhileassuringtheimporterthatpaymentwillbemadetotheexporteronlyafterthetermsoutlinedintheletterofcredithavebeenmet.

Confidence后跟同位語從句theimporterisabletopayforthegoodswhileassuringtheimporterthatpaymentwillbemadetotheexporteronlyafterthetermsoutlinedintheletterofcredithavebeenmet。全句意為：讓出口商對進(jìn)口商支付貨物款項有信心，同時讓進(jìn)口商確信只有在信用證里列出的條款都履行后貨款才支付給出口商。Para.2Oncetheletterofcredithasbeendrawnupandtheapplicationisaccepted,theimporterinstructsthebanktotransferthepaymenttotheexporter.Theimporter’sbankpassesthisinformationtotheexporter’sbank,whothennotifiestheexporterthatpaymenthasbeenarranged.Theexportersendsoutthegoodsandlaterpresentstheinvoicesandshippingdocumentstothebankinordertoreceivepayment.Thereisnoriskinvolvedwiththeexporterreceivingpaymentaslongasthetermsoftheagreementhavebeenfollowed.Para.3,4and5Fortheimporter,theLetterofCreditensuresthat:

●Paymenttotheexporterwillonlybemadeafterthetermsoftheagreementhavebeenmet.

●Thedocuments,whichhavebeenreviewedbythebank’sexperiencedstaff,areinorder.

●Theexporterisassuredoftheimporter’sabilitytopayand,asaresult,abetterpriceandmoreadvantageoustermsofpaymentmaybeoffered.Para.6Becausetherearenocontrolsoverthequalityofthegoods,youmustknowyoursupplier.Withthesupportofaletterofcredit,animportercantrytonegotiateanagreementwiththesuppliertoallowsixdaysforinspectionofthegoods.Withthisflexibility,thegoodscanbereturnedoradiscountcanberequested.Itisbeneficialfortheimporttoalsoincludestipulationsthatthegoodsmustpassanynecessarygovernmentinspectionsandregulations.Iftheimporterneeds60daystosellthegoods,itmustbestatedupfrontandnegotiatedwiththeexporterastheexporterwilllikelybechargedinterest.NoteforUnderstandingPara.63.Itisbeneficialfortheimporttoalsoincludestipulationsthatthegoodsmustpassanynecessarygovernmentinspectionsandregulations.

Stipulation后跟同位語從句thatthegoodsmustpassanynecessarygovernmentinspectionsandregulations。全句意為：進(jìn)口時還規(guī)定貨物必須通過必要的官方檢查或達(dá)到相應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對進(jìn)口商是非常有利的。Para.7,8and9AlternativestotheLetter