Unit3Backtothepast晨讀在線假設(shè)你是新華中學(xué)的學(xué)生李華，你和在上海上學(xué)的英國(guó)朋友Tom約好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴約。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)用英語(yǔ)給他寫一封電子郵件：1．表示歉意；2.解釋原因；3.另約時(shí)間。注意：1.詞數(shù)不少于120；2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)?！痉段男蕾p】請(qǐng)進(jìn)行完形填空(每空一詞)DearTom，I'mwritingtosaysorrytoyou1.becauseIcan'tgoonthetriptoBeijingtogetherwithyounextweekend.2．Asyouknow，Ihavebeenbusypreparingfor3.anEnglishspeechcontest.Unfortunately，itwillnotbeheldasplannedandhasbeenput4.offtonextweek.SoIhavetostayuntilitends.Butdon'tbedisappointed.Maybewecanmake5.itanothertimetohavethetrip.How6.aboutinthesummervacation?Itwilllastamonthandwewillhavemoretimetospend7.inplacesofgreatinterestinBeijing.PleaseacceptmyapologyforanyinconvenienceIhavecaused.May8.youhaveaniceweekend!Sincerelyyours，LiHua(121words)【名師點(diǎn)評(píng)】本文開宗明義，直接說(shuō)明寫此郵件的目的，然后講不能成行北京的理由，理由充分可信，隨后為再續(xù)北京之行的時(shí)間提出意見。文章要點(diǎn)明確，層次分明，過(guò)渡自然，用詞講究，時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)準(zhǔn)確，長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合，是一篇上乘之作?！警偪癖痴b】請(qǐng)用10分鐘背誦范文【還原范文】請(qǐng)將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)1．親愛(ài)的湯姆：Dear_Tom，2．對(duì)于下周末不能與你共赴北京深表歉意。I'mwritingtosaysorrytoyoubecauseIcan'tgoonthetriptoBeijingtogetherwithyounextweekend.3．正如你所知，我一直忙著為參加一個(gè)英語(yǔ)演講比賽做準(zhǔn)備。Asyouknow，IhavebeenbusypreparingforanEnglishspeechcontest.4．不幸的是，比賽不能如期舉行，并且推遲到了下周。Unfortunately，itwillnotbeheldasplannedandhasbeenputofftonextweek.5．因此，比賽結(jié)束前我不能離開。SoIhavetostayuntilitends.6．但是不要失望。Butdon'tbedisappointed.7．也許我們的旅行可以改期。Maybewecanmakeitanothertimetohavethetrip.8．暑假怎么樣？Howaboutinthesummervacation?9．假期有一個(gè)月的時(shí)間，我們可以在北京的名勝古跡度過(guò)更多的美好時(shí)光。ItwilllastamonthandwewillhavemoretimetospendinplacesofgreatinterestinBeijing.10．若有不便，敬請(qǐng)?jiān)?。PleaseacceptmyapologyforanyinconvenienceIhavecaused.11．祝周末愉快！Mayyouhaveaniceweekend!12．你真誠(chéng)的李華。Sincerelyyours，LiHua.

Ⅰ.單詞默寫1．pour

vi.涌流；傾瀉vt.倒出(液體)2．flee

vt.&vi.逃避；逃跑；迅速離開3．gradually

adv.漸漸地，逐漸地4．ruin

n．廢墟；毀壞vt；破壞；毀滅5．powerful

adj.強(qiáng)有力的6．sailor

n．稅收；海員7．carrier

n．航空母艦；運(yùn)輸設(shè)備；運(yùn)輸公司8．march

vi.&n.前進(jìn)；進(jìn)發(fā)；游行9．a(chǎn)head

adv.(時(shí)間、空間)在前面；提前，預(yù)先；領(lǐng)先10．corrupt

vt.使腐化，使墮落adj.貪污的；腐敗的11．erupt

vi.toexplodeandthrowoutfire，ashandsmoke12．disaster

n．a(chǎn)suddeneventwhichcausesgreatlossandharm13．expression

n．theactofsayingorshowingwhatyouthinkorfeel14．glory

n．greatfame，honorandadmiration15．judge

n．a(chǎn)personwhoisappointedtomakeadecisioninacompetitionⅡ.詞匯拓展1．destroyvt.毀壞；摧毀→destruction

n．破壞；毀滅；摧毀→destructive

adj.毀滅性的；有害的，消極的2．commercialadj.商業(yè)的，貿(mào)易的→commerce

n．商業(yè)，貿(mào)易3．explodevi.爆炸→explosion

n．爆炸→explosive

adj.爆炸的4．declarevt.宣布，宣告；宣稱→declaration

n．宣言，宣布；聲明5．memorialn．紀(jì)念館adj.紀(jì)念館的→memory

n．記憶→memorize

vt.記住；背熟語(yǔ)境助記——詞不離句，句不離段Thepowerfuljudgesentencedthesailorwhoiscorruptforhe'sgreedyforthewealthofthecarrier.Recentlyhedeclaredhewouldbesentencedto3yearsintheprison.

Ⅲ.短語(yǔ)落實(shí)1．decorate...with用……裝飾2．inmemoryof紀(jì)念3．standinone'spath阻礙(某人)4．remainsofbuildings樓房廢墟5．takeover奪??；接管6．nodoubt

無(wú)疑；確實(shí)7.aheadoftime

提前8．beawareof

知道，了解，意識(shí)到9．raiseupagainst

起義；反抗10．comedownwith

患(病)Ⅳ.句子翻譯1．In334BC，hetookhisarmy，nowwith42,000men，intotheMiddleEastandthenEgypt，defeatingeveryarmythatstoodinhispath.(Page58)公元前334年，他率領(lǐng)當(dāng)時(shí)已達(dá)4萬(wàn)2千人的軍隊(duì)進(jìn)入中東，接著是埃及，兵鋒所至，所向披靡。2．Thenheturnedhiseyeseast，andmarchedallthewaytoIndia，findingvictorywhereverhewent.(Page58)然后，他又將目光轉(zhuǎn)向東方，長(zhǎng)驅(qū)直入印度，所到之處，攻無(wú)不克，戰(zhàn)無(wú)不勝。3．現(xiàn)在我們?cè)谝獯罄魈煳覀儗⒂斡[龐貝。(Page42)WeareinItalynow，andtomorrowwearevisitingPompeii.4．很多人被活埋了，整個(gè)城市也被掩埋。(Page42)Manypeoplewereburiedalive，andsowasthecity.5．人們開始在這一區(qū)域挖掘?qū)殻@造成了很大的破壞。(Page42)Peoplestartedtodigintheareafortreasure，whichcausedmuchdamage.Ⅴ.教材設(shè)題句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空不超過(guò)3個(gè)單詞)1．Thus，in1860，theareawasputunderthegovernmentprotectionsoitcouldbepreservedandstudied.(教材P42)→Thus，in1860，theareawasprotectedby/gotprotection_fromthegovernmentsoitcouldbepreservedandstudied.2．Ialsosawthepeoplewhohadbeenburiedalive.(教材P43)→Ialsosawthepeopleburiedalive.3．Thedesertwasonceagreenlandwithhugetrees，buttheywerecutdownandthatresultedinthecitybeingburiedbysand——whatapity！(教材P43)→Thedesertwasonceagreenlandwithhugetrees，buttheywerecutdown，causing/whichcausedthecitytobeburiedbysand——whatapity!4．Yet，in323BC，hecamedownwithafeveranddied.(教材P58)→Yet，in323BC，hehad/ran/developedafeveranddied.5．Whenhewasyoung，hewasabravesoldier.(教材P59)→Whenyoung/Inhisyouth，hewasabravesoldier.

【課本原句】Manypeoplewereburiedalive，andsowasthecity.(P42)許多人被活埋了，這座城市也不例外。buryvt.埋葬，掩埋；隱藏；使沉浸；使專心

beburiedalive被活埋bury(oneself)in(＝beburiedin)埋頭于；專心于burysthinsth使某物陷入……beburiedin主語(yǔ)往往是人，說(shuō)明人所處的狀態(tài)，并不表示被動(dòng)。類似的還有：belostin埋頭于……；沉迷于……becaughtin遇到(雨等)；陷入(圈套)bedevotedto專心于……beabsorbedin專心于……，全神貫注于……beoccupiedin忙于……，從事…… ——看看高考怎么考

翻譯句子①多虧了他做的遇到暴風(fēng)雨的這個(gè)夢(mèng)。(2011·江蘇卷·閱讀理解A58)Duetohisdreamofbeingcaughtinarainstorm.②他仿佛正在專心思考問(wèn)題。Heappearedtobeabsorbed/buriedinthought.③________inhisnovel，heranintothecarsinfrontofthebuilding. (2012·湖南醴陵一中月考)A．BuriedB．CoveredC．AppliedD．Busy答案A【課本原句】On24thAugustAD79，thevolcanoeruptedandlava，ashandrockspouredoutofitontothesurroundingcountryside.(P42)公元79年8月24日，火山突然爆發(fā)，熔巖、火山灰和巖石從火山口噴射到周邊的鄉(xiāng)村。erupt(火山等)噴發(fā)；暴力事件，疾病等)突然發(fā)生eruptinto(laughter/shouting)突然笑/喊起來(lái)burstinto(sth)突然開始(尤其是唱歌，哭，笑等)burstout(doing)突然開始

eruptv．(火山)爆發(fā)；噴出 ——看看高考怎么考翻譯句子①那個(gè)地方火山噴發(fā)了好幾次。Thevolcanohaseruptedseveraltimesinthearea.②警察局外突然發(fā)生了暴力行為。Violenceeruptedoutsidethepolicestation.③因?yàn)檎煞虻膽卸杷膽嵟K于爆發(fā)了。Herangereruptedbecauseofherhusband'slaziness.【課本原句】Svenfoundtheremainsofbuildingsburiedbeneaththesand，togetherwithalotoftreasures，includingcoins，paintedpots，materialsuchassilk，documentsandwallpaintings.(P43)斯文發(fā)現(xiàn)了埋葬在沙子下面的建筑物遺跡，以及很多諸如錢幣，彩繪陶，絲綢，文獻(xiàn)和壁畫等珍貴文物。remainsn．殘余物；遺跡；遺體；遺址remainv．保持；仍然是remainvi.逗留(＝stay)remainingadj.剩下的，剩余的remainder(＝rest)n.剩余物，剩余部分remain＋adj./n./adv./doing/done保持；仍然是remainat/in/with留在；停留remaintobedone待做Itremainstobeseen...尚不確定，說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)……Itonlyremainsforsbtosay...某人要說(shuō)的只是……Thefactremainsthat...不能忽略的是…… ——看看高考怎么考①Althoughhehastakenalotofmedicine，hishealthremainspoor(還是很虛弱)．②Severalpointsremaintobesolved∕settled(待解決)．③Mr.smithbecameanengineerbuthisbrotherremainedaworker(仍然是個(gè)工人)．④Thepalacecaughtfirethreetimesinthelastcentury，andlittleoftheoriginalbuilding______now.(2010·重慶卷·單項(xiàng)填空29)A．remains B．isremainedC．isremaining D．hasbeenremained答案A【課本原句】Ascholarfromthelocalculturalinstitute，ProfessorZhang，toldusthataroundtheyear1900theEuropeanexplorerSvenHedindiscoveredtheruinsoftheLoulankingdom.(P43)一位當(dāng)?shù)匚幕瘏f(xié)會(huì)的張教授告訴我們大約1900年歐洲探險(xiǎn)家斯文·赫定發(fā)現(xiàn)了樓蘭王國(guó)的遺址。ruinn．[U]毀壞；毀滅；崩潰；[C](pl.)廢墟；遺跡v．(使)破產(chǎn)；(使)墮落；毀滅beinruins成為廢墟；被毀滅；垮掉betheruinof成為……毀滅(墮落)的原因bringsbtoruin使某人失敗；使傾家蕩產(chǎn)come/falltoruin毀滅，滅亡ruinoneself自取滅亡ruinone'shealth/fame毀壞某人的健康/名譽(yù)辨析

ruin/destroy/damageruin強(qiáng)調(diào)該物的使用價(jià)值遭到破壞，現(xiàn)在可用于借喻中，泛指一般的“弄壞；弄糟”。destroy多指徹底毀壞以致不能或很難修復(fù)。damage(1)多指使用價(jià)值有所降低或外表?yè)p壞等，不一定全部破壞，損壞了還可以修復(fù)。(2)作名詞時(shí)常作不可數(shù)名詞，常與to連用，dodamageto意為“對(duì)……造成損害”。復(fù)數(shù)形式damages表示“賠償金”。Heknockedoverabottleofmilkandruinedthetablecloth.他打翻了一瓶牛奶把桌布弄臟了。Thebuildingwasdestroyedintheearthquake.那座大樓在地震中毀掉了。Thebridgewasdamagedbytheflood.橋梁因洪水而受損。 ——看看高考怎么考①However，heexperiencedseverefinancialhardshipwhenhisfamilybusinesswasruined(破產(chǎn)了)intheGreatDepressionoftheearly1930s.(2011·山東卷·閱讀理解A)翻譯句子②你的汽車有損傷嗎？Wasthereanydamagetoyourcar?③Tomwasluckyintheaccident，buthis______carisunderrepair. (2012·湖南攸縣一中高三上學(xué)期期中考試)A．ruined B．remainedC．destroyed D．damaged答案D【課本原句】Thisextremeheatalmostdrovemecrazy.(P48)這高溫逼得我要發(fā)瘋了。drivesbmad/crazy使某人發(fā)瘋drivesbtodosth迫使某人做某事driveout迫使離開driveoff趕跑；駕車離開driveaway趕跑drive

v．驅(qū)使；迫使；驅(qū)趕；駕駛，開車

——看看高考怎么考①Iargued，pointingtoaverylargebellyofmine，“Iammarried.Iamhavingababy.WhyshouldIhavetohavesomeonesignformetodrive(讓人給我簽名來(lái)叫我駕駛呢)？”(2011·遼寧卷·閱讀理解A)②Sheusuallydrivestowork(開車去上班)．③Theloudmusic______mecrazy.(2009·宿遷統(tǒng)考)A．causesB．resultsC．drivesD．leaves答案C【課本原句】Mostofthemwereingoodcondition.(P51)它們大都狀態(tài)很好。(be)ingoodcondition狀況良好beoutofcondition狀況不佳onconditionthat...(＝onlyif)在……的條件下，只要unconditionaladj.無(wú)條件的

conditionn．條件；狀況；(pl.)環(huán)境；情形；健康狀況 ——看看高考怎么考①Butspinalcordinjuriesorotherconditions(其他的情形)canpreventtheseweakelectricalsignalsfromreachingthemuscles.

(2011·山東卷·閱讀理解D)②However，hisvisitinhispresentcondition(目前狀況)willdisturbthechildren'sstable(穩(wěn)定的)life.(2010·四川卷·閱讀理解E)③Youcangotothepartyonconditionthat(只要)youcomehomebeforemidnight.④Sheisinapoor______ofhealth.Asaresult，shehastogiveupherjob. (2012·遼寧省沈陽(yáng)二中第3次月考)A．positionB．situationC．stateD．condition答案C【課本原句】Thenextday，USPresidentFranklinRooseveltdeclaredwaragainstJapan.(P55)第二天，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)富蘭克林·羅斯福對(duì)日宣戰(zhàn)。declare＋n.(＋adj.)宣告……declarethat宣告declareagainst聲明反對(duì)declarefor聲明贊成declarewaron向……宣戰(zhàn)declarationn.宣告；宣言

declare

vt.宣布，宣告；宣稱辨析declare/announce(1)declare指在公開場(chǎng)合表明對(duì)……的態(tài)度或指官方或權(quán)威者公開而鄭重地宣布某事。(2)announce指發(fā)布公眾感興趣的事，內(nèi)容有知識(shí)性或權(quán)威性，如商品、生產(chǎn)、喜訊等消息。 ——看看高考怎么考①Thedriverdeclared(被宣稱)guiltymaybefinedamaximumofHK$25,000andbesentencedtoupto3yearsinprisonandpunishedfor10driving-offencepoints；ortemporarilybannedfromdriving. (2011·福建卷·閱讀理解A)②Istandontheshouldersofmyancestors'tragediesanddeclarevictory(宣告勝利)，andknowthattheyarecheeringmeon.

(2011·天津卷·閱讀理解D)③Bulgaria______herindependencein1908.(2012·瀏陽(yáng)市一中高三上學(xué)期期中考試)A．declaredB．a(chǎn)nnouncedC．gainD．made答案A④Asparentsandteachers，youshouldallowchildrenthespaceto______theiropinions，eveniftheyaredifferentfromyourown.

(2012·湖南醴陵一中月考)A．a(chǎn)nnounceB．soundC．declareD．voice答案D【課本原句】AlexandertheGreatspreadtheGreekculturefromEuropetoAfricaandAsia，influencingtheworldforcenturiestocome.(P58)亞歷山大大帝將希臘文明從歐洲傳到非洲和亞洲，影響了世界幾個(gè)世紀(jì)。influencesb∕sth影響；起作用influencesbtodo...影響某人做…h(huán)aveaninfluenceon...對(duì)……有影響undertheinfluenceof受……的影響；由于……的作用bea∕an...influenceon對(duì)……產(chǎn)生……的影響amanofinfluence有權(quán)勢(shì)的人influencen．&v.影響haveaninfluenceon

＝haveaneffecton＝haveanimpacton對(duì)……有影響；起作用；產(chǎn)生效果【聯(lián)想拓展】 ——看看高考怎么考①Itseemsreasonabletosupposethat，intherealworld，theopinionsofsuchpowerfulpeoplestillinfluence(影響)thejournalistsandeditorswhoworkforthem. (2011·上海卷·六選五)寫作句型演練②Anumberoffactorshaveaninfluenceonthegrowingspeedofaplant.→Thegrowingofspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors.③HewasgreatlyinfluencedbyhisEnglishteacher.→HisEnglishteacherwasagreatinfluenceonhim.【課本原句】In89BC，theRomanstookoverPompeii.(P42)公元前89年，羅馬人奪取了龐貝。takeover

奪取；接管takeaway拿走takeback收回(所說(shuō)的話)；退回(某物)takedown拆除，拆毀；記下，寫下takein欺騙；領(lǐng)會(huì)，理解takeoff起飛；脫下；成功；迅速流行takeon呈現(xiàn)；具有；承擔(dān)；從事；雇傭，聘用takeup開始愛(ài)好(某種活動(dòng))；使用；占用(空間或時(shí)間) ——看看高考怎么考①Alcoholistakenin(被吸收)morequicklywhendrunkwithfruitjuice. (2011·福建卷·閱讀理解A)②Theplanewilltakeoff(起飛)tonight.(2011·湖北卷·聽力6選項(xiàng))③Someinsects______thecoloroftheirsurroundingstoprotectthemselves. (2011·陜西卷·單項(xiàng)填空25)A．takeinB．takeoffC．takeonD．takeout答案C④Whenshefellill，herson______thebusiness.(2012·湖南洞口一中高三摸底考試)A．tookin B．tookcareC．tookover D．tookaway答案C【課本原句】AsurpriseattackwascarriedouttherebytheJapanesein1941.(P55)1941年，日本進(jìn)行了一次突然襲擊。carryoutaplan實(shí)施計(jì)劃carryoutapromise履行諾言carryoutathreat實(shí)行威脅carryoutanorder執(zhí)行命令carryoutanexperiment(on)對(duì)……做實(shí)驗(yàn)carryout履行；落實(shí)；完成；實(shí)施carryoff成功地完成carryonwithsth(doingsth)繼續(xù)做某事carrysbthroughsth幫助某人渡過(guò)難關(guān)【聯(lián)想拓展】 ——看看高考怎么考①Passengersarepermitted______onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane. (2011·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空17)A．tocarry B．carryingC．tobecarried D．beingcarried答案A②Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.(2012·黑河市一中高三上學(xué)期中質(zhì)量檢測(cè)試題)A．carryout B．carryingoutC．carriedout D．tocarryout答案C③Thenewsofthemayor'scomingtoourschoolforavisitwas______ontheradioyesterday. (2012·湖南祁東育賢中學(xué)月考)A．turnedout B．foundoutC．givenout D．carriedout答案C

【課本原句】InmemoryoftheAmericanswhodiedinattack，anationalmemorialwasbuiltinPearlHarborjustabovetheremainsoftheArizona.(P55)為了紀(jì)念在襲擊中喪生的美國(guó)士兵，珍珠港的沉船亞利桑那號(hào)的殘骸上方建立了一座國(guó)家紀(jì)念碑。inmemoryof紀(jì)念【聯(lián)想拓展】inpraiseof贊美，歌頌inhonourof為了向……表示敬意insearchof尋找inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)incontrolof控制insupportof支持infavourof贊成inplaceof代替 ——看看高考怎么考翻譯句子①Heisinchargeof