miniature

displace

apipedreamdominant

passage

juicerLookatthesewordsDoyouknowtheirmeaning?Dotheyactuallyhavethesimilarmeaningwithwhatyouthinkinacertaincontext?12高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解詞義猜測題策略與技巧StrategiesandTechniquesforGuessingtheMeaningsofWordsorPhrasesWhilereading2018年2017年2016年全國卷I

1單詞dominant

2代詞that；短語thewatercatcher1單詞courier全國卷II1

單詞juicer2

代詞

that；句子

thetableareturned.2單詞downside;代詞

it全國卷III1

句子Moreismore1

單詞

displaced2

代詞

them短語

apipedream2016-2018高考全國卷閱讀理解詞義猜測題考查一覽表考查方向1.熟詞新意，即熟悉詞匯的陌生含義；2.根據(jù)上下文對不認識單詞的詞義判斷能力；3.根據(jù)上下文對代詞的指代含義的理解能力；4.復(fù)合詞的含義的理解，對于衍生詞匯的理解能力；5.對諺語、俗語、俚語含義的理解能力；真題面對面(2018?臨沂市一模?C)Hespecializesinminiature,astreetartoftenrepresentingasocialcommentaryasacriticalobservationoncapitalism,powerandsoon.

A.Tinysculpture（雕塑）

B.SmallplaygroundC.SocialcommentsD.Criticalobservation?同位語定義或釋義法就是對生詞以下定義、同位語（從句）、定語從句、標點符號（破折號、冒號等）引出并加以解釋說明的方式。Hespecializesinminiature——astreetartHespecializesinminiaturewhichisastreetart。

Miniatureisastreetart破折號定語從句下定義定義法Definition(2016

?全國卷Ⅱ?B)Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.?A.mistake.B.drawback.C.difficulty.D.burden相似法Similarity相似法是指在生詞所出現(xiàn)的上下文中，有時會出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語或結(jié)構(gòu),此時可從熟悉的詞語中推知生詞的含義。常見信號詞/詞組有：and，or,like,similarly等(2017?全國卷Ⅲ?C)GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.?Atested.BseparatedCforcedoutDtrackeddown對比法Contrast對比法是指用表對比或轉(zhuǎn)折的信號詞連接意思相反的詞或句子，然后根據(jù)反義詞線索猜測詞義。常見信號詞/詞組有：but，yet，however，while，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary，incontrast，instead等(2016?全國卷Ⅲ?C)

OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou'llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soit'sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.?結(jié)果原因A.Apracticalidea.B.AvainhopeC.Abrilliantplan.D.Aselfishdesire因果法Cause&Effect因果法是指根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進行判斷，利用原因預(yù)測結(jié)果，利用結(jié)果找出原因。常見信號詞/詞組有：since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,dueto,resultin,forthisreason,so/suchthat等?舉例法Example舉例法是指利用文中的舉例猜測詞義。常見的信號詞/詞組有suchas,like，forexample,forinstance等,或以標點符號冒號等進行提醒。(2018?全國卷Ⅰ?C)…allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.A.complex.B.advanced.C.powerful.D.modern(2016?北京?D)

Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.?changeB.choiceC.textD.extension常識法CommonSense常識法是指運用邏輯推理能力，結(jié)合社會文化背景和自身的生活經(jīng)驗及生活常識推測生詞含義。1.Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.A.Adessert.B.Adrink.C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.juicerjuiceer派生?overworksupermansleep-walk3.（08?廣東卷?B）Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.詞義過勞超人夢游VN復(fù)合發(fā)言；發(fā)言權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)化構(gòu)詞法Formation?(2017?全國卷Ⅱ?B)Wesharedthebeliefthatifyouarefortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback……PaulandIdidn’tseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.A.Theirbelief.B.Theircareforchildren.C.Theirsuccess.D.Theirsupportforeachother.

(2017·全國卷Ⅱ·D)Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive，thetablesareturned．Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.A．Theattackersgetattacked.B．Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C．Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D．Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.?上下文Context聯(lián)系上下文是指根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進行選擇，利用語境及前后的提示來猜測詞義。Mindmap:

Concludewhatyouhavelearnedinanywayyouprefer.詞義猜測定義法相似法對比法因果法舉例法常識法構(gòu)詞法派生復(fù)合轉(zhuǎn)化上下文記憶順口溜定義釋義，相似對比構(gòu)詞常識，因果舉例派生前綴，還有后綴轉(zhuǎn)化復(fù)合，都是構(gòu)詞猜測詞意，其實容易最常最多，上下文聯(lián)系Practice：Beyourteacher:Theywillbeonthenightshift—frommidnightto6a.m.—nextweek.2.Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.3.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleoftheclass.夜班定義法取代相似法準時的對比法4.(2004?廣東?D)Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecolorsturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.5.Althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany--forexample,theunbearableheat,thelackofwater,thepossibilityofgettinglost,thepresenceofwildanimalsandpoisonoussnakes----Collinsneverthelessdecidedthatshemustgo.使顧客失去