考點一名詞一、可數(shù)名詞MrSmithisverybusybecauseherunsseveralcompanies①.Heworkssevendays①aweekand12months②ayear.Inhissparetimehelikeswatchingfootballmatches③.Helikeseatingtomatoes④buthedoesn’teatvegetableswithleaves⑤.Hehastwopethorses⑥andheoftenridesthemwithhisfriendsonMrBlack’sfarm⑦becausehethinksthesceneryofthefarm⑧isverybeautiful.MrBlackisafriendofhis⑨，whoraisessomecowsandgoats.注釋：1.可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)①以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加-es；以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，加-s。②以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-s。③以-s，-x，-ch，-sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es(如果詞尾-ch發(fā)音為/k/，要加-s，如stomach)。④以-o結(jié)尾加-es的單詞有：英雄(heroes)吃土豆(potatoes)番茄(tomatoes)，其他多直接加-s。⑤以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞，多變f或fe為v，再加-es。但也有直接加-s的單詞，如：屋頂(roof)上的首領(lǐng)(chief)有信仰(belief)。⑥更多的可數(shù)名詞是直接加-s。2．名詞作定語往往是說明其中名詞的材料、用途、時間、地點、內(nèi)容、類別等。多為單數(shù)名詞作定語，但woman，man作定語時，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式表達復(fù)數(shù)概念。3．名詞的所有格⑦有生命名詞，不以-s結(jié)尾的名詞加-’s；以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞都加-’。⑧無生命名詞，通常用of所有格表示。⑨雙重所有格的構(gòu)成形式為：“名詞＋of＋名詞所有格”或者“名詞＋of＋名詞性物主代詞”。1．不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)(1)通過內(nèi)部元音變化構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。如：foot—feet腳goose—geese鵝tooth—teeth牙齒mouse—mice老鼠man—men男人woman—women女人(2)有些名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。如：sheep—sheep綿羊deer—deer鹿Chinese—Chinese中國人Japanese—Japanese日本人means—means方法series—series系列species—species物種crossroads—crossroads十字路口spacecraft—spacecraft航天器(3)有的名詞在詞尾加-ren或-en構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。如：child—children孩子ox—oxen公牛(4)由man，woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞在變成復(fù)數(shù)時，與man，woman的變化形式相同。如：gentleman—gentlemen先生Englishman—Englishmen英國男子policeman—policemen男警察chairwoman—chairwomen女主席businessman—businessmen商人craftsman—craftsmen工匠，手藝人注意：German的復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans。(5)外來詞的不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：analysis—analyses分析basis—bases基礎(chǔ)crisis—crises危機thesis—theses論文medium—media媒介物phenomenon—phenomena現(xiàn)象2．復(fù)合名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化(1)中間沒有連字符也沒有間隔的復(fù)合名詞將最后一個詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。birthday—birthdays生日blackboard—blackboards黑板bookshelf—bookshelves書架gentleman—gentlemen紳士(2)中間有連字符或間隔的復(fù)合詞將其中主要的詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：bookworm—bookwormsson-in-law—sons-in-lawlooker-on—lookers-onpasser-by—passers-bystory-teller—story-tellers(3)無主體名詞時通常在最后一個詞后加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。如：grown-up—grown-upsstandby—standbys3.名詞所有格的特殊形式(1)并列的名詞變所有格時，若表示不同的所有關(guān)系，則分別在兩個名詞后加-’s；如果表示共有關(guān)系，則只在最后一個名詞后加-’s。如：KateandMary’sroom凱特和瑪麗共有的房間Kate’sandMary’srooms凱特和瑪麗各自的房間(2)表示店鋪或某人的家時，名詞所有格之后的shop，house，home等常省去。如：atthedoctor’s(office)在(醫(yī)生的)診所里atthebarber’s(shop)在理發(fā)店atMrGreen’s(house)在格林先生家點對點練習1單句語法填空1．Theteamwhowonthethreeworldchampionships(championship)wouldalwaysgetthiscup.2．Duringthefestival，whichlaststhreeorfourdays，peoplearedressedintheirbestclothesandparticipateinavarietyofrichandcolourfulactivities(activity)．3．Thebestsolutionmightbetofindtheweaknesses(weakness)intheideaandtotryandstrengthenthem，ratherthanusethemsimplyasanexcuseforrejectingthewholeidea.4．Timmisandhisteamsetouttoseektheeffectsofphoneuseonpassers-by(passer-by)．5．WeusuallyexpectHollywoodheroes(hero)toshowuponourscreensanddefeatthebadguys.6．Hegoestothebarber’s(barber)tohavehishaircuteverymonth.二、不可數(shù)名詞Tolearnmoreknowledge①，Ihavetodolotsofhomework①everydayandhavenotime①tohavefun②ordohousework①.LastweekwehadanexambutIdidn’tperformwell.However，myteachersaidthatIhadmadegreatprogress②.Sothisexamisnotafailure③.Onthecontrary，itisasuccess③inaway.注釋：①不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，也不能與不定冠詞連用。②fun，weather，progress，advice，information為永久性不可數(shù)名詞，前面不能加不定冠詞，也不能具體化。③抽象名詞具體化：?表示情感、情緒的抽象名詞強調(diào)具體的人或事的時候，可以在前面加不定冠詞，如asurprise，acomfort等。?表示“一……”的概念時，常與動詞構(gòu)成詞組，名詞前常常有形容詞。如haveagoodtime，haveagoodknowledge/commandof等。不可以用數(shù)目計算，多為物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，常見的不可數(shù)名詞有：fun樂趣homework作業(yè)bread面包wealth財富progress進步equipment設(shè)備room空間weather天氣work工作music音樂news新聞meat肉word消息traffic交通luck運氣housework家務(wù)milk牛奶advice建議man人類orange橙汁knowledge知識furniture家具baggage/luggage行李information信息點對點練習2單句語法填空1．Oh，John，whatapleasantsurpriseyougaveus!2．Hegaveussomeadvice(advice)onhowtostudyEnglish.3．Hefeltthatheneededmoreknowledge(knowledge)aboutimportandexport.單句語法填空1．In1844theyboughtitfor$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser，whoperformedtheirmarriage(marry)ceremonyin1842.(2021·浙江6月)2．Historicalaccuracy(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)3．Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.(2020·浙江7月)4．OtherAmericanstudiesshowednoconnection/connections(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.(2019·浙江6月)1.根據(jù)所處位置判斷是否填入名詞形式。如謂語動詞之前、介詞之后、形容詞之后、冠詞或數(shù)詞之后。2．單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不能單獨使用，要與冠詞、指示代詞、不定代詞等連用，否則就用復(fù)數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)含義。3．注意固定短語中名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。4．注意名詞應(yīng)該與其修飾語保持數(shù)的一致。5．不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，不能與不定冠詞連用?？键c二數(shù)詞MisterSmithissixty①yearsoldandyesterdaywashis60th②birthday.Hestillremembersinthe1990s③whenhewasinhisthirties③，hedrankdozensof④bottlesofbeeraday.However，hespentthousandsof④dollarsinhospital.Later，twofifths⑤ofhissparetimewasspentintakingexercise.注釋：①數(shù)詞的基本形式為基數(shù)詞。②表示數(shù)詞的順序往往用序數(shù)詞。大部分是在基數(shù)詞的基礎(chǔ)上加-th。以-y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞，把-y變成-ie＋-th。③“inthe＋逢十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“在某個世紀幾十年代”?！癷none’s＋逢十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“在某人幾十多歲時”。④具體數(shù)字＋dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million等詞時，后面直接加名詞復(fù)數(shù)；表示籠統(tǒng)數(shù)目時，用dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millionsof＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)。⑤分數(shù)表達：分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。當分子大于1時，分母序數(shù)詞加-s，如：1/3：onethird,2/3：twothirds。1．易錯基數(shù)詞thirteen十三fourteen十四fifteen十五eighteen十八nineteen十九twenty二十thirty三十forty四十fifty五十ninety九十2．易錯序數(shù)詞first第一second第二third第三fourth第四fifth第五eighth第八ninth第九eleventh第十一twelfth第十二點對點練習單句語法填空1．Petergotamodelshipfromhisuncleonhisthirteenth(thirteen)birthday.2．Twothirds(three)ofthestudentsinourclasshavebeentoDisneylandsomewhere.3．Linda，therearetoomanymistakesintheninth(nine)lineofyourpassage.4．Hemadequiteafewfriendsduringhistwenties(twenty)．5．Itisreportedthattheearthquakehasleftthousands(thousand)ofpeoplehomeless.單句語法填空1．Theplumtreesarethefirsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化)．Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.(2020·全國Ⅱ)2．Hediditonethird(three)thetimeittookme.(北京高考)1．需要使用數(shù)詞時，要先看清是使用該詞的基數(shù)詞形式還是序數(shù)詞形式。2．使用序數(shù)詞時，注意前面要有定冠詞the。3．注意固定用法中的數(shù)詞的使用及與冠詞、介詞的搭配，如inthe1820s，inhis30s，thousandsof等?？键c三形容詞和副詞一、形容詞和副詞的基本用法Iboughtaninteresting①novelyesterday.Thebookissointeresting②thatIcanhardlyletgoofit.Worried③aboutmystudy，mymothertookitaway.However，Ifoundmymotherabsorbed④init.注釋：①修飾名詞，往往用形容詞作定語。②在系動詞之后，往往用形容詞作表語。③表示情緒和精神狀態(tài)的形容詞可以作狀語。④在“感官或使役動詞＋賓語”之后，形容詞可以作賓補，說明賓語的狀態(tài)。Mymotherisreadingthenovelattentively①nowandsheisquite①movedbyit.Obviously②，shewon’treturnthebooktomesoon.注釋：①副詞可以描述某個動作的情況或者描述動作、行為或狀態(tài)的程度。②副詞可以放在句首，作評論性狀語，修飾整個句子。1．名詞、動詞變形容詞2．形容詞變副詞形容詞不同詞尾變副詞加(-ly)的口訣：(一般直接加)clear→clearly清楚地great→greatly很，大大地(元e去e加)true→truly真實地(輔y變i加)happy→happily高興地heavy→heavily沉重地(-le尾e變y)terrible→terribly可怕地gentle→gently輕輕地(-ll尾只加y)full→fully完全地dull→dully遲鈍地(-ic加ally)basic→basically主要地scientific→scientifically合乎科學地3．-ed形容詞修飾物的用法-ed形容詞通常用于說明人的感受，常譯為“感到……的”，強調(diào)人自身的情感波動；修飾事物時，則多修飾smile(微笑)，feeling(感覺)，cry(叫聲)，face(表情)，voice(聲音)，look(表情)，eye(眼神)，expression(表情)等表示某人情感狀況的名詞。Hehadapleasedsmileonhisface.他臉上露出了滿意的微笑。Hetoldmethenewsinaveryexcitedvoice.他以非常激動的聲音告訴了我這個消息。4．同根副詞加-ly和不加-ly有些副詞不加-ly與其形容詞表達的含義是一樣的，而加了-ly之后的副詞，其詞義往往發(fā)生改變，具有抽象意義，表示程度。close靠近地closely密切地；仔細地hard努力地hardly幾乎不late晚，遲lately最近，不久前most最，極其mostly通常；主要地wide指距離寬widely廣泛地deep指具體深度deeply深深地，非常；強烈地high指具體高度highly很，非常點對點練習1單句語法填空1．Theoldpeoplethereweretalkativeandtheytoldustheirpersonal(person)storiescheerfully.2．Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop，andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousanddisappointed(disappoint)．3．I’llneverforgettheamazing(amaze)tripIhadinBeijing，ChinaandIhopetogotherenexttimewithmyfriends.4．Hespentsevendaysinthewindandsnow，coldandhungry(hunger)．5．IfoundlifeintheUKquitedifferent(differ)fromthatinChina.6．Thetitlewillbeofficially(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.7．Luckily(lucky)，healsohasacowwhichproducesmilkeveryday.8．Iamterribly(terrible)sorrythatIcan’tgotothebookstorewithyouattheappointedtime.二、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級Inmyfamily，mymotheristhethinnest①.Myfatherismuchtaller②thanherandme，butheistwiceasheavyas③mymother，andbecomingfatterandfatter④.Heisquiteworriedbecausethefatter⑤heis，themorelikely⑤heistobeill.注釋：①形容詞和副詞變比較級或最高級，一般直接加-er或-est；以e結(jié)尾的直接加-r或-st；以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞注意雙寫結(jié)尾輔音；以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的詞，將y變?yōu)閕再加-er或-est；多音節(jié)詞前面加more或themost。兩者或兩部分之間比較，多用比較級；三者或三者以上的比較，可以使用最高級。②比較級常常和than連用，并且可以被much，alittle，abit，even，far，still等詞修飾。③倍數(shù)表達法：?A＋謂語＋倍數(shù)＋adj./adv.比較級＋than＋B?A＋謂語＋倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.原級(＋名詞)＋as＋B?A＋謂語＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size，length，height，weight等)＋of＋B④“adj./adv.比較級＋and＋adj./adv.比較級”表示“越來越……”。⑤“the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...”表示“越……，就越……”。1．有少數(shù)幾個雙音節(jié)形容詞，既可以加-er和-est，又可以加more和themost構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。這些雙音節(jié)詞是：common，handsome，quiet，pleasant，cruel，stupid，tired和以-ow，-er結(jié)尾的詞。2．有些形容詞沒有程度可分或形容詞本身就表示某種程度，因此沒有比較級和最高級。這類形容詞有：right(正確的)，wrong(錯誤的)，excellent(優(yōu)秀的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wooden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(東方的)，last(最后的)等。3．有些形容詞和副詞變比較級或最高級時為不規(guī)則變化，需牢記。good/well—better—bestbad/ill—worse—worstmany/much—more—mostlittle—less—leastold—older/elder—oldest/eldestfar—farther—farthest(指具體空間上)far—further—furthest(指抽象程度上)4．“否定詞語＋比較級”也可表示最高級含義。Nomanisbetterthanyouintheworld.人世間沒有人比你好。Ihaven’treadamoreinterestingnovel.這是我讀過的最有趣的小說了。點對點練習2單句語法填空1．Themore(much)wedoforthoseinneed，thehappierwe’llbe.2．Roadsafetyhasarousedwider(wide)attentionofthepublicthanbefore.3．Duringtheendofthe19thcenturyandthebeginningof20thcentury，BeijingOperafinallyformedandbecamethebiggest(big)ofalloperasinChina.4．MrGreenisn’tasstrictateacherasMrWhite.5．Ihavenevermetakinder(kind)teacherthanMrsSmithbefore.6．Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfaster(fast)thantraditionalgarbageasawhole.7．Thisrestaurantwasn’thalfasgood(good)asthatonewewentto.8．Whenyoustudythelocalmap，you’llfindthistownistwicethesizeofthatone.單句語法填空1．Whenthehousewasbuilt，itwasmuchsmaller(small)thanitistoday.(2021·浙江6月)2．Providefinancial(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.(2021·全國乙)3．Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticularinteresttoscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山)，moresothanthefamiliarnearside.(2020·全國Ⅰ)4．Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheirfinest(fine)work，sothathecouldchoosethebest.(2020·全國Ⅲ)5．Asthesmallboatmovedgently(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.(2020·全國Ⅲ)6．It’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyandmeaningful(meaning)collegeexperience.(2019·北京)1.看到與than連用，要想到用比較級；看到比較級，要想到than。2．看到語境中暗含的比較含義，要想到用比較級(二者之間)或最高級(三者及以上)。3.在句子中如果是作定語、表語、賓補或表示心理狀態(tài)的狀語，則用形容詞。4．如果修飾整個句子、動詞或形容詞，則用副詞。5．看到and，but，or等連詞前或后用的比較等級形式，要想到用比較等級。層級一基礎(chǔ)達標練單句語法填空1．LastOctober，whiletendinghergardeninMora，Sweden，LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmallcarrots(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.2．Then，handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseofachievement(achieve)．3．—Whynotbuyasecond-handcarfirstifyoudon’thaveenoughmoneyforanewone?—That’sagoodsuggestion(suggest)．4．Althoughheresearchescloning，hisintention(intend)hasneverbeentocreatecopiesofhumans.5．Comingtoanothercountrytostudyrequiresabigadjustment(adjust)andittakesawhiletofitin.6．Intheearlyfifties(fifty)，researchersfoundthatpeoplescoredhigheronintelligencetestsiftheyspokemorethanonelanguage.7．Sheisthetwelfth(twelve)tutor，whohascometolookafterhischildrensincetheirmotherdied.8．Theoldmangoestotheparkeverythird(three)day，joggingwithhisfellows.9．Butthesuccessfultestdrillingforfireicedoesnotmeanitcanbeextractedforindustrial(industry)use.10．Haveyoueverbeenembarrassed(embarrass)becauseofforgettingsomethingimportant?11．Themorethestudentslearnabouttheuniversity，theeasieritwillbeforthemtoadapttotheenvironment.12．Theworld’spopulationisincreasingatasurprising(surprise)rateandourenvironmentisfacinggreatpressure.13．Nowadaysit’sthesecondlargest(large)cityinBulgariaandit’sasignificanteconomic，educationalandculturalcenter.14．Indiansstartpracticingyogaataveryyoungage，sotheirbodiesareevenstronger(strong)．15．Thereisn’tmuchtrafficonSunday，sohopefully(hope)we’llarriveintimefortheconcert.層級二高考真題練單句語法填空1．Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeoplelivinginthecountryside，includinglower(low)levelsofincomeandeducation，highercostsofhealthyfoods，andfewersportsfacilities.(2021·浙江1月)2．Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson’s(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared，andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.(2021·浙江1月)3．Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall，wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetter(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory！(2021·全國甲)4．Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours，butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesandwatchtowers(watchtower)totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdaily(day)routines.(2021·全國甲)5．Itwillundoubtedly(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed！(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ)6．Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets，thehotter(hot)thespring!Strange，isn’tit？(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ)7．Asworkingfromhomebecomesincreasingly(increasing)common，peoplearefindingiteasiertocombineparenthoodwithafull-timecareer.(2021·天津3月)8．Filledwithcuriosity(curious)，theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.(2020·全國Ⅲ)9．MynameisMireyaMayor.I’mascientist(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.(2018·全國Ⅲ)10．Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014thatshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses(cause)．(2018·全國Ⅰ)11．Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition，suchashowmuchiceandothertreasuresitcontains，couldhelpChinadecidewhetheritsplansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.(2020·全國Ⅰ)12．Onourwaytothehouse，itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketogetthere.(2019·全國Ⅲ)13．Hescreamstheloudest(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.(2018·全國Ⅲ)14．Evenworse(bad)，theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.(2017·全國Ⅰ)15．Whilerock-climbing，youneedtoremainveryfocused(focus)sothatyouwon’tmakeanydangerouserrors.(2021·天津3月)層級三語篇提能練語法填空名詞篇(改編自2020·全國Ⅱ)DecoratingwithPlants，F(xiàn)ruitsandFlowersforChineseNewYearChineseNewYearisa1.(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthe2.(begin)ofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants，fruitsandflowerscarriesspecial3.(significant)．Theyrepresenttheearthcomingbackto4.(live)andbestwishesfornewbeginnings.Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry：Oranges：Orangetreesaremorethan5.(decorate)；theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneand6.(wealthy)．Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmany7.(time)decoratedwithredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.Bamboo：Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffices.Certainlyduringtheholidayperiod，thisplantis8.must.Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth，abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasytocareforandmakegreat9.(present)．10．(branch)ofPlumBlossoms(梅花)：Thebeautifullongbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.Theplumtreesarethefirsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化)．Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國新年常見的三種裝飾物——橘子樹、富貴竹和梅花枝，以及它們的美好寓意。1．答案celebration解析考查名詞。由空前的不定冠詞a可知，后接名詞形式。故填celebration。2．答案beginning解析考查名詞。和前面的theendofwinter并列，是名詞詞組，begin的名詞形式為beginning。3．答案significance解析考查名詞。此處作謂語動詞carries的賓語，應(yīng)該用名詞形式。故填significance。4．答案life解析考查名詞。作介詞to的賓語，用名詞或動名詞形式，結(jié)合句意可知填life。5．答案decoration解析考查名詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞形式，故填decoration。6．答案wealth解析考查名詞。與good