UnitZ衣業(yè)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測＞單詞識(shí)記:1.n.根；根源2.n.十年；十年期3.n.）里；軸出4.n.莊稼；農(nóng)作物；產(chǎn)量5.n.營養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)6.n.礦物；礦石7.n.土壤8.v.輸出；出口9.vt.使迷惑10.— adj.特級(jí)的；超級(jí)的11._adj.化學(xué)的12.adv.因此；所以13.vt.&n. 斗爭；拼搏14.n.戰(zhàn)役v.搏斗15.n.評(píng)論v.表達(dá)思見MineralsoilexportconfusesuperRootdecadeoutputcropnutritionChemicalthereforestrugglebattlecomment:、單詞拓展:(A)單詞派生.n.國家；民族adj.民族的 n.國籍.vt.占據(jù)，占領(lǐng)；使忙碌；居住n.工作；職業(yè)；占領(lǐng).v.生產(chǎn)；制造 n.產(chǎn)品n.生產(chǎn)；制造4.v.發(fā)現(xiàn)n.發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺5.vt.減少；減縮n.減少；減縮6.v.使疑惑，使為難n.疑惑，困惑adj.疑惑的，難以理解的ConfuseconfusionconfusedNationnationalnationalityOccupyoccupationProduceproductproductionDiscoverdiscoveryReducereductionConfuseconfusionconfused(B)靈活運(yùn)用(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)Yourquestionreallymademe(confuse).形容詞作賓補(bǔ)Hesaidtheearthquakecouldleadtoa(reduce)insteelexportsfromJapan.冠詞后用名詞The(discover)ofachild 'sbodyinthisriverhasshockedthecommunity.名詞作主語Whatisyour(nation)?名詞作表語，nationality"國籍"His(occupy)isteachinginaprimaryschool.名詞作主語confusedreductiondiscoverynationalityoccupation三、短語翻譯：.擺脫;除去.幸虧；由于；因?yàn)?對(duì)……感到滿意.寧愿;寧可.???免受(影響、傷害). 導(dǎo)致；造成(后果).集中(注意力、精力)于. 逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開發(fā).過著……生活.富含…….另外.根據(jù)……，按照…rid...ofthankstobesatisfiedwithwouldratherkeep...freefrom/ofleadtofocusonbuildupleadtofocusonbuildupleada在struggleforleada在strugglefor為 斗爭lifberichininadditionaccordingto重點(diǎn)詞匯講解strugglevt.&vi.斗爭，拼搏，努力原句：Indeed,hissunburntfaceandarmsandhisslim,strongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers,forwhomhehasstruggledforthepastfivedecades.的確,他那被太陽曬得黝黑的臉龐和手臂，以及他那消瘦而結(jié)實(shí)的身軀 ，就跟其他千百萬中國農(nóng)民一樣 ，過去50年來，他一直在幫助他們。（B4P10）例句Theyhadtostrugglefortheirfreedomandequality.他們不得不為了自己的自由和平等而戰(zhàn)。搭配二struggleagainst同 作斗爭⑴Shestruggled⑵Weallstruggle運(yùn)用用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。⑴Shestruggled⑵Weallstruggletheindependenceofhercountryallherlife.thepollutionoftheenvironment.⑶Theoldmanstruggledhisfeet,walkingoutoftheroom.rid…of免除，清除，擺脫原句：Thankstohisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.由于他的研究，聯(lián)合國在消除世界饑餓的戰(zhàn)斗中有了更多的方法。 （B4P10）例句：Iwanttoridthiscityofcorruption! 我要這座城市擺脫腐敗現(xiàn)象 ！ridoneselfofsb./sth.擺脫；從 中解脫beridofsb./sth擺脫getridof擺脫;除掉運(yùn)用Theyridthehouse__oldfurniture.⑵Paulfinallyrid( 擺脫了債務(wù)).⑶Wemust(處理掉)theseoldnewspapers.besatisfiedwith對(duì) 感到滿意原句：DrYuanisquitesatisfiedwithhislife. 袁博士對(duì)他的生活非常滿意。 (B4P10)例句：Theteacherisquitesatisfiedwithwhattheboyhasanswered.老師對(duì)這個(gè)男孩的答案很滿意。運(yùn)用根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。⑴她從來不滿足于現(xiàn)狀。She'sneverthepresentsituation.⑵你對(duì)他的解釋滿意嗎？Areyou?wouldrather(dosth.)寧愿，寧可(做某事)原句：Hewouldmuchratherkeeptimeforhishobbies.他寧愿把時(shí)間花在自己的業(yè)余愛好上。(B4P10)例句：IwouldratherstayathomeonSundays.我寧愿星期天呆在家里。wouldrathernotdosth.寧愿不做某事wouldrathersb.didsth.寧愿某人做某事wouldratherdoAthandoB寧愿做A事也不做B事woulddoAratherthandoB寧愿做A事也不做B事運(yùn)用用所給詞的正確形式完成句子。(1)Iwouldrather(go)withyouthan(stay)bymyself.⑵Iwouldratheryou(go)tothecinemanow.⑶Iwouldratheryou(come)tomorrow.)Iwouldratherfailthan(cheat)intheexamination.leadto導(dǎo)致，通往（to 是介詞）原句：Manyofthesechemicalscanleadtocancerorotherillnesses.很多化學(xué)物質(zhì)能導(dǎo)致癌癥和其它疾病。（B4P14）例句：Hiscarelessdrivingledtothisterribleaccident. 他的粗心駕駛導(dǎo)致了這次嚴(yán)重的事故。聯(lián)想to為介詞的短語動(dòng)詞還有:lookforwardto盼望payattentionto注意stickto堅(jiān)持devoteto貢獻(xiàn)，致力于turnto轉(zhuǎn)向 referto查閱，涉及addto增加，增添運(yùn)用根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。⑴Thisroad( 通向)thatmountainvillage.⑶Einsteindidmanyexperiments,(使他得出了這個(gè)結(jié)論).thanksto幸虧；由于；因?yàn)?=becauseof)原句:Thankstohisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.由于他的研究，聯(lián)合國在消除世界饑餓的戰(zhàn)斗中有了更多的方法。 (B4P10)例句：Thankstoyoursupport,wewonthematch.由于你的支持，我們贏得了這場比賽。運(yùn)用根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。⑴由于校長的努力，我現(xiàn)在又能回學(xué)校上學(xué)了。⑵由于天氣很糟糕，露天表演取消了。,theopen-airshowwascancelled.Thankstotheheadmaster'seffortsForagainsttoOfhimselfofdebtgetridofsatisfiedwithsatisfiedwithhisexplanationGostaywentCamecheatleadstowhichledhimtothisconclusionThankstothebadweatherIcangobacktoschoolnow.寫作句型仿寫makeitpossible(forsb.)todo 使(某人)做某事成為可能原句：Thisspecialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduceonethirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields. 這種特殊的稻種使得同樣的田地多收獲三分之一的產(chǎn)量。(B4,P10)例句：TheInternethasmadeitpossibleforustogetmoreinformationinmuchlesstime. 因特網(wǎng)已經(jīng)使我們用更少的時(shí)間獲得更多的信息成為可能。仿寫根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。⑴這些新技術(shù)將使得從廢棄物中回收可用之物成為可能。Thenewtechniquesrecoverusablethingsfromwaste.⑵過去的幾十年，先進(jìn)的醫(yī)療技術(shù)已經(jīng)使得人們比過去活得更長成為可能。Inthelastdecades,advancesinmedicaltechnology thaninthepast.倍數(shù)詞+as+原級(jí)+as... 是…的多少倍原句：Usinghishybridricefarmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.用他的雜交水稻種子，農(nóng)民們種出比以前多一倍的糧食。 （B4,P10）例句：Thenewbuildingisthreetimesastallastheoldone. 新大樓是舊大樓的三倍高。說明英語中常用的倍數(shù)表達(dá)法還有：⑴倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)+than...⑵倍數(shù)+the+名詞(length,width,height,size)+of...仿寫這根繩子是那根的三倍長。⑴Thisropeisthat.⑵Thisropeisthat.⑶Thisropeisthat.nomatterwhat...不管/不論…（后接狀語從句）原句：Itseemsastrangenamesinceallcropsareorganicnomatterhowtheyareproduced.這個(gè)名字看起來很奇怪，因?yàn)椴还茉鯓臃N植，農(nóng)作物都是有機(jī)的。（L1,P13）例句：Wewillgotoseethemovienomatterhowharditrains. 無論雨下的多大我們都要去看電影。仿寫根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。⑴不管做彳f么事，你都必須非常細(xì)心。 ,youmustbeverycareful.

Nomatterwhatyoudo⑵不論你選才i哪一個(gè)，你都會(huì)滿意的。 ,youwillbesatisfied.⑶不管你說什么，我都喜歡聽。 ,Iliketolisten.keep…freefrom/of使 免受（影響、傷害等）農(nóng)民關(guān)心的是保良好的飲食和適度原句：農(nóng)民關(guān)心的是保良好的飲食和適度持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。 （B4P14）例句Eatingwellandgoodexercisekeepyoufreefrom/ofcold.的鍛煉使你遠(yuǎn)離感冒。運(yùn)用根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。⑴我們把書放進(jìn)書柜以避免落上灰塵。Weputourbooksinabookcase ⑵我們必須盡力使這條河流免受污染。Wemusttryourbest.havemadeitpossibleforpeopletolivelongerwillmakeitpossibletotwicelongerthanthreetimesaslongasthreetimesthelengthofNomatterwhichyouchooseNomatterwhatyousaytokeepthemfreefromdusttokeeptheriverfreefrompollution語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用我的同學(xué)劉清以前寧愿上課睡覺也不愿聽老師講課。Foratime,myclassmateLiuQingwouldrathersleepinclassthanlistentotheteacher.2.無論他怎么努力，他都無法把精力放在學(xué)習(xí)上。Nomatterhowhardheworked,hecouldn'tfocushismindonhisstudies.3.聽懂老師的課也是不可能的。Itwasimpossibleforhimtounderstandtheteachers.他的這個(gè)習(xí)慣導(dǎo)致了他考試不及格。Thishabitledtohisfailureintheexams.為了使自己免受父母的懲罰，他請(qǐng)求老師的幫助。Tokeephimselffreefromhisparents 'punishment,hewenttohisteachersforhelp.由于老師的幫助，他終于改掉了這個(gè)壞習(xí)慣。Thankstotheteacher'shelp,hefinallyridhimselfofthisbadhabit.老師對(duì)他的改變很滿意。Theteacherwassatisfiedwithhischange.8.他現(xiàn)在的分?jǐn)?shù)是他原來的三倍。Hismarknowisthreetimesasmuchasthatofhispast.合并：Foratime,myclassmateLiuQingwouldrathersleepinclassthanlistentotheteacherandnomatterhowhardheworked,hecouldn 'tfocushismindonhisstudies.Itwasimpossibleforhimtounderstandtheteachers,whichledtohisfailureintheexams.Tokeephimselffreefromhisparents;punishment,hewenttohisteacherforhelp.Thankstotheteacher'shelp,hefinallyridhimselfofthisbadhabit.Theteacherwassatisfiedwithhischangebecausehismarknowisthreetimesasmuchasthatofhispast.課文概括YuanLongping,anagriculturalpioneer,regardshimselfasanordinaryfarmer,hehasbeenworkingforfivedecadestoproducesuperhybridrice,whichhasprovedverysuccessfulandisspreadworldwide.Earthisouronlyhomeintheuniverse.Ifwedon'tprotectitfromnowon,wewillhavenowheretogowhentheenvironment16(ruin).Lookatwhatwehavedone17ourland.isruinedto.由主語可知用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。.根據(jù)前面的done可知。Weletoutsomuchexhaustgas18ouratmosphereisnolongerclearandhealthyforbreath.Inmanybigcities,wecanhardlysee19brightbluesky.Weuseasmanyresources20wecanfind,thenturn21intorubbish.thataasthem.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果從句，由前面的so可知。.不定冠詞表示“一片”。.根據(jù)前面的asmany可知。.指代前面的resources?；脽羝?8Therubbishistakingupmoreandmorespaceinourplanet.Wealsopollutewater.Fishesandotherlivingthings22(suffer)duetoourmistakes.Somediedout,andothersaredyingoutinfuture.Allofusmustdosomething23(protect)ourearth.aresufferingtoprotect.根據(jù)語境，應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。.不定式彳^狀語，表目的。

幻燈片59ofTakeabusinstead24privatecar;usegoodsthataremadeofrecycledmaterial.Wecantakemanysmallstepsinour25(day)lifeforthesakeofourbetterfuture.daily.由前面的instead可知。.形容詞作定語。幻燈片60二、完形填空…Threeofthoserichmenandtheirservantswere1togetheronaroadwhentheycametoavery2village.A.standing B. runningC.gathering D. travellingD根據(jù)本句的onaroadwhentheycameto…可知。A.faraway B. poorC.different D.ancientB由下一段的Thefirstcouldnotstandseeingthepoverty可推出,poor與poverty是同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)?；脽羝?1Thefirstcouldnotstandseeingthepoverty,sohetookallthegoldandjewelsfromhiswagons(四輪馬車)and3themoutamongthe4.A.sharedB.sendC.pickedAA.sharedB.sendC.pickedA根據(jù)常識(shí)及后面的A.workersD.foundamongthe4可推出這里填shared。farmersC.villagersD.servantsC.villagersD.servantsC由前面的theycametoavery2village可知。villager與village屬同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。幻燈片62Hewishedthemallthebestofluck,andhe55.A.criedC.laughedB.stayed5.A.criedC.laughedB.stayedD.leftD根據(jù)前面的臨別祝福的話“Hewishedthemallthebestofluck”可知選left。幻燈片63B.worryingD.puzzlingThefirstcouldnotstandseeingthepoverty,sohetookallthegoldandjewelsfromhiswagons（四輪馬車）B.worryingD.puzzling6.A.curiousC.dangerousB根據(jù)上——段的seeingthepoverty可推出。worryingsituation與poverty是上下義復(fù)現(xiàn)?；脽羝?4…stoppedforashorttimeandgavethevillagersallhis7anddrink,sincehecouldseethatmoneywouldbeoflittle8tothem.Hemadesurethattheyeachreceivedtheirfairshareandwouldhaveenoughfoodtolastforsometime.7.A.alcoholB.foodC.breadD.rice7.A.alcoholB.foodC.breadD.riceB由下一句中的B由下一句中的wouldhaveenoughfood可知。與food是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。8.A.interestC.useB.concern8.A.interestC.useB.concernD.attractionC根據(jù)他給這些村民食物和飲品可判斷出：他明白錢對(duì)這些村民幾乎無用。幻燈片65Threeofthoserichmenandtheirservantswere1togetheronaroadwhentheycametoavery2village???.Thethirdrichman,onseeingsuchpoverty,spedupandwentstraightthroughthe9withoutstopping.A.village B.landC.fieldD.roadA由前面的theycametoavery2village可知。與village是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)?；脽羝?6Thetwootherrichmensawthisfromadistanceandcommentedwitheachotherhowthethirdrichmanlacked10.A.experienceB.exerciseC.sympathy D.courageC常識(shí)題。根據(jù)前面第三個(gè)富人的表現(xiàn) (withoutstopping),這兩位富人認(rèn)為他沒有同情心(sympathy)。幻燈片67Itwasgoodthattheythemselveshadbeentheretooffer11.However,threedayslater,they12thethirdrichman,whowascomingintheoppositedirection.A.advice B.helpC.drinkD.goldB根據(jù)常識(shí)，這兩個(gè)富人為村民提供的都屬于 help。A.welcomed B.acceptedC.met D.persuadedC下文是他們所看見的情形，這里自然用met,否則哪有下文呢？幻燈片68Hewasstilltravelling13,buthiswagons,insteadofthegoldandvaluablestheyhadbeencarrying,werenowfulloffarmingtoolsandbagsof14.Hewasrushingbacktohelpthemoutof15.A.happilyB.safelyC.slowlyD.quicklyD根據(jù)上文的Thethirdrichman…spedup以及本句中的still可推出。A.foodB.jewelsC.moneyD.seedsD與farmingtools有關(guān)的只能是seedsseeds和farmingtools詞語同現(xiàn)?；脽羝?9Hewasstilltravelling13,buthiswagons,insteadofthegoldandvaluablestheyhadbeencarrying,werenowfulloffarmingtoolsandbagsof14.Hewasrushingbacktohelpthemoutof15.A.poverty B.troubleC.curiosity D.questionA本文的主題就是講三個(gè)富人如何幫助村民脫貧 (outofpoverty)。與前面的poverty是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。幻燈片70【助讀詞匯】servant仆人comment評(píng)價(jià)valuable小重物品幻燈片71三、閱讀理解技巧點(diǎn)撥判斷指代內(nèi)容要求考生根據(jù)語境判斷代詞 (this,that,it,they,them,one等)，或代動(dòng)詞(do,does,did,dothat等)究竟指代什么。Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"…"referto?幻燈片72Whatdoestheunderlinedword "they" referto?

Theunderlinedword "them" refersto.一般說來，代詞的指代內(nèi)容大多在這一句的前、后句中 （特別是前句），或者前幾個(gè)句子中，有的甚至指代前一段話中的某個(gè)內(nèi)容，找到指代的內(nèi)容后把它放在那個(gè)代詞的位置上看一看這句話是否合理，與前后的內(nèi)容是否一致，然后再判定它是否為正確答案?；脽羝?3即時(shí)練習(xí)Rainforestscanhelptoadjusttheclimatebecausetheyreflectmoreheatintotheatmospherebringabouthighrainfallthroughouttheworldrarelycausethetemperaturetodroplowerthanl6CreducetheeffectofheatfromthesunontheearthD細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第一段第二句話可知答案。幻燈片74Whatdoestheword"this"underlinedinthethirdparagraphreferto?Wewilllosemuchmorethanwecangain.Humanshavebegundestroyingrainforests.Peoplehaveastrongdesireforresources.Muchcarbondioxidecomesfromburningrainforests.A代詞指代題。從第三段后面的敘述中可知人們失去的會(huì)比得到的多幻燈片75Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.wecangetenoughresourceswithoutrainforeststhereisgreatmedicinepotentialinrainforestswewillgrowfewerkindsofcropsinthegainedlandthelevelofannualrainfallaffectswindpatternsB推理判斷題。從最后一段的數(shù)字列舉中可知 B答案最適合?；脽羝?6Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?HowtoSaveRainforestsHowtoProtectNatureRainforestsandtheEnvironmentRainforestsandMedicalDevelopment，呼吁人們要保護(hù)C主旨大意題。本文是在向讀者介紹熱帶雨林的減少會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成的影響熱帶雨林，進(jìn)而保護(hù)整個(gè)人類生存的環(huán)境。，呼吁人們要保護(hù)幻燈片77TroducetherainforestforuswarnpeopleoftheeffectofcarbondioxidecallonpeopletoprotecttherainforestadvisepeopletodomoreresearchontherainforestC推理判斷題。本文論述了熱帶雨林的重要作用以及對(duì)環(huán)境的影響 ，以此號(hào)召人們保護(hù)熱帶雨林?；脽羝?8幻燈片79AccordingtoJaneinthefirstparagraph,thelaw.can'ttakeherchildrenawayfromhercan'tdoanythingwiththecasewillbestsettletheproblemwilldisturbherchildrenC推理判斷題。依據(jù)文章第 1段Alaw?Yeah,right.Don'tdisturbmewhenitcomestomychildren.Youarenevergoingtowin可推出。幻燈片80Whatdoes“todothat“ refertointhesecondparagraph?A.TolivewithJohn.TohireahouseforJohn.C.ToallowJohntoseethechildren.D.ToaskJohntosetuparegularlife.C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第1段的IfJohnwantstoseethem???However,hisvisitinhispresentcondition…可知。幻燈片818.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthethirdparagraphmean?Jane'slifeisverydifficult.Janecontinuestoliveasusual.C.Janealmostcan'tcontrolherlife.D.Janeworksveryhardtoliveahappylife.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第3段首句Whilemattersofmoneyandcarewon'tbesettledforweeks,Janehardlyputsherlifeonhold可知，盡管金錢和撫養(yǎng)問題在幾周內(nèi)難以解決 ，Jane幾乎不讓生活受到影響。幻燈片82WheredoesJanework?A.Inafilmstudio.B.Inaschool.C.Inakindergarten.D.Inanetwork.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第3段第2句LastweektheABCnetworkannouncedthatJanewouldreturnwithherownshow…中提至U?；脽羝?3WhichwordcanbestdescribeJane?A.Proud. B.Fierce.C.Determined. D.Independent.C推理判斷題。Jane面對(duì)一切壓力，堅(jiān)決要求孩子的撫養(yǎng)權(quán)，努力克服困難維持生活都表現(xiàn)了她的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)決心?；脽羝?4【助讀詞匯】*fearplaysnopart恐懼不起作用hispresentcondition他目前的狀況stable穩(wěn)定的 divorce離婚fierce猛烈的onlytomakememorefierce只會(huì)使我