書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東海洋大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Greaterefforttoincreaseagriculturalproductionmustbemadeiffoodshortage（

）avoided.

問題1選項

A.istobe

B.canbe

C.willbe

D.hasbeen

【答案】A

【解析】考查將來時。betodosth.意為“計劃、安排或命令要做的事”，此處含有強(qiáng)制要求做某事，因此選A。will表示一般的將來，或者臨時決定做某事；canbe能夠（避免）不符合句意；hasbeen表示已經(jīng)避免更不符合句意

句意：如果要避免食物短缺，就必須作出更大的努力來增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量。

2.單選題

Aterribletrafficaccidenthappened;peopleweresaddenedwhentheywatchedthe___sightonTV.

問題1選項

A.panic

B.patriotic

C.pathetic

D.periodic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項panic“恐慌的；沒有理由的”；B選項patriotic“愛國的”；C選項pathetic“可憐的，悲哀的；感傷的；乏味的”；D選項periodic“周期的；定期的”。句意：一場可怕的交通事故發(fā)生了；人們在電視上看到那___情景時感到很悲傷。本句表達(dá)“看到可憐的場景感到悲傷”，因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

"Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey're18,andthetruthisfarfromthat,"sayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Today,unexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents."Thereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclass,"declaressociologistAllanSchnaibergofNorthwesternUniversity,whoseson,19,movedbackinafteranabsenceofeightmonths.

Analystsciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenext.Themarriageageisrising,aconditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduation,youngpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbyskyrocketinghousingcosts.

Livingathome,saysKnighton,aschoolteacher,continuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed,"It*sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakessenseforkidstostayathome.’’Butsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforall.Therearethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.Somefamilies,however,managethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothers,itprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco,24,hasbeenhomethreetimes-andleftthreetimes."WhatIconsideredasocialdrink,mydadconsideredanalcoholproblem/'sheexplains.’’HeneverlikedanyoneIdated,soIeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends’houses."

Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Children,strugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith"asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure.”Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedom,findthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasonceatrendintheU.S.（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforyoungadultsreturningtothenest?

3.Oneofthedisadvantagesofyoungadultsreturningtostaywiththeirparentsisthat

4.Theword“hassles”inthepassage(Line3,Para.3)probablymeans（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?

問題1選項

A.foryoungadultstoleavetheirparentsandliveindependently

B.formiddleclassyoungadultstostaywiththeirparents

C.formarriedyoungadultstomovebackhomeafteralengthyabsence

D.foryoungadultstogetjobsnearbyinordertolivewiththeirparents

問題2選項

A.Youngadultsfindhousingcoststoohigh.

B.Youngadultsarepsychologicallyandintellectuallyimmature.

C.Youngadultsseekparentalcomfortandmoralsupport.

D.Quiteanumberofyoungadultsattendlocalschools.

問題3選項

A.therewillinevitablybeinconveniencesineverydaylife

B.mostparentsfinditdifficulttokeep

C.theyoungadultstendtobeoverprotectedbytheirparents

D.publicopinionisagainstyoungadultsstayingwiththeirparents

問題4選項

A.agreements

B.worries

C.disadvantages

D.quarrels

問題5選項

A.Theyshouldadjustthemselvestosharingthefamilyexpenses.

B.Childrenshouldleavetheirparentswhentheyaregrown-up.

C.Adultchildrenshouldvisittheirparentsfromtimetotime.

D.Parentsshouldsupporttheiradultchildrenwhentheyareintrouble.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.文章第一段提到以前有一種錯誤的觀點(diǎn)：孩子到了18歲就應(yīng)該離家獨(dú)立；有社會學(xué)家稱中產(chǎn)階級中這一觀念有著重大的轉(zhuǎn)變。由此可知，在以前的美國社會中，大多數(shù)成年的子女都會離開家庭獨(dú)立生活，所以選項A符合題意。

2.文章第二段提及年輕成年人返回家的原因：結(jié)婚年齡上升；離婚率上升和再婚率下降，使得情感受挫以及經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力大的人重新尋求父母的庇護(hù)；去離家遠(yuǎn)的大學(xué)上學(xué)花費(fèi)大，所以很多人都選擇當(dāng)?shù)氐拇髮W(xué)。選項A、C、D都在文章中提到了，所以選項B符合題意。

3.文章第三段提到年輕人與父母居住會造成生活上的一些不便，比如洗手間，電話和隱私的爭議等等，選項A符合題意。

4.hassles所在的句子：Therearethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.由前后問可知，這里講述的是年輕人與父母居住造成生活中的一些不便，所以hassles在這里有“爭論，爭吵”的意思，比如關(guān)于洗手間、電話和隱私的爭執(zhí)。選項D符合題意。

5.文章最后一段指出大多數(shù)心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為成年子女與父母一起生活對雙方都不好：子女本來想自我獨(dú)立，卻被挫??；父母本應(yīng)該享受經(jīng)濟(jì)和個人自由，卻又被責(zé)任束縛。選項C符合題意。

4.單選題

Whenseeninthislight,thelanguagethesereportersuseismorecomplexthanit_____.

問題1選項

A.needs

B.needsto

C.needstobe

D.needstobeso

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.needs需要B.needsto需要

C.needstobe需要D.needstobeso需要這樣

【考查點(diǎn)】比較級than的用法。

【解題思路】在than的比較狀語從句中，與主句相同部分可以省略，而不同部分需要寫出；在這個句子中主句是thelanguageismorecomplex（語言更加復(fù)雜），與從句共同的部分是morecomplex，所以從句需要把主謂寫出來，即itneedstobe。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A、B選項不符合語法；

D選項不需要加副詞so。

【句意】從這個角度看，這些記者使用的語言比需要的更加復(fù)雜。

5.單選題

Themantowhomwehandedtheformspointedoutthattheyhadnotbeen（）filledin.

問題1選項

A.consequently

B.regular

C.comprehensively

D.properly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A:consequently“因此”；B:regular“常規(guī)的”；C:comprehensively“包括地”；D:properly“恰當(dāng)?shù)?；合適地”。句意：我們把表格交給那人，那人指出表格填得不合適。因此D符合題意。

6.單選題

Poseidonsatathisdesk,doingfigures.Theadministrationofallthewatersgavehimendlesswork.Hecouldhavehadassistants,asmanyashewanted一andhedidhaveverymany一butsincehetookhisjobveryseriously,hewouldintheendgooverallthefiguresandcalculationshimself,andthushisassistantswereoflittlehelptohim.Itcannotbesaidthatheenjoyedhiswork:hediditonlybecauseithadbeenassignedtohim;infact,hehadalreadyfiledmanypetitionsfor—asheputit—morecheerfulwork,buteverytimetheofferofsomethingdifferentwasmadetohimitwouldturnoutthatnothingsuitedhimquiteaswellashispresentposition.Andanyhowitwasquitedifficulttofindsomethingdifferentforhim.Afterall,itwasimpossibletoassignhimtoaparticularsea:asidefromthefactthateventhentheworkwithfigureswouldnotbecomelessbutonlypettier,thegreatPoseidoncouldinanycaseoccupyonlyanexecutiveposition.Andwhenajobawayfromthewaterwasofferedtohimhewouldgetsickattheveryprospect,hisdivinebreathingwouldbecometroubledandhisbrazenchestbegantotremble.Besides,hiscomplaintswerenotreallytakenseriously;whenoneofthemightyisvexatioustheappearanceofaneffortmustbemadetoplacatehim,evenwhenthecaseismosthopeless.InactualityashiftofpostswasunthinkableforPoseidon—hehadbeenappointedGodoftheSeainthebeginning,andthathehadtoremain.

Whatirritatedhimmost一anditwasthisthatwaschieflyresponsibleforhisdissatisfactionwithhisjob—wastohearoftheconceptionsformedabouthim:howhewasalwaysridingaboutthroughthetideswithhistrident.Whenallthewhilehesathereinthedepthsoftheworld-ocean,doingfiguresuninterruptedly,withnowandthenatriptoJupiterastheonlybreakinthemonotony—atrip,moreover,fromwhichheusuallyreturnedinarage.Thushehadhardlyseenthesea—hadseenitbutquicklyinthecourseofhurriedtripstoOlympus,andhehadneveractuallytraveledaroundit.Hewasinthehabitofsayingthatwhathewaswaitingforwasthefalloftheworld;then,probably,aquietmomentwouldbegrantedinwhich,justbeforetheendandhavingcheckedthelastrowoffigures,hewouldbeabletomakeaquick,littletour.

Poseidonbecameboredwiththesea.Heletfallhistrident.Silentlyhesatontherockycoastandagull,dazedbyhispresence,describedwaveringcirclesaroundhishead.

1.Theunderlinedsentence("It…h(huán)im")inthefirstparagraphsuggestthatPoseidonregardedhisworkwith().

2.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthor'sdescriptionofPoseidon'sroutine("how...inarage")that().

3.Accordingtothepassage,Poseidon'sdissatisfactionwithhisjobprimarilystemsfrom()

4.TheauthorofthepassageportraysthegodPoseidonas().

5.PoseidonisunabletochangeoccupationsforallofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT().

問題1選項

A.resignation

B.enthusiasm

C.hostility

D.intimidation

問題2選項

A.PoseidonprefersperforminghisdutiestovisitingJupiter

B.Poseidonistoobusytofamiliarizehimselfwithhiskingdom

C.Poseidonrequiressilencefortheperformanceofhisduties

D.Poseidon'sdissatisfactionwithhisjobdetractsfromhisefficiency

問題3選項

A.theconstanttravelthatisrequiredofhim

B.thelackofseriousnesswithwhichhiscomplaintsarereceived

C.theconstantlychangingnatureofhisduties

D.other'smistakennotionsofhisroutine

問題4選項

A.adissatisfiedbureaucrat

B.apowerfulgod

C.adiscontentedvagabond

D.acapableaccountant

問題5選項

A.hisappointmentasGodoftheSeaisinherentlyunchangeable

B.hehasfallenintodisfavorwiththegodsonMountOlympus

C.hecannotimaginealifeawayfromthewater

D.nothingelsesuitshimaswellashispresentposition

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.Poseidon對他工作的態(tài)度是()。resignation放任,服從;enthusiasm熱心,熱忱;hostility敵對;intimidation恐嚇,威脅。根據(jù)劃線部分的內(nèi)容可知,不能說他喜歡他的工作,他這樣做只是因?yàn)檫@是分配給他的。所以他的態(tài)度是聽之任之的,選項A正確。

2.根據(jù)劃線部分的描述可知,作者是想表達(dá)Poseidon對工作的不滿導(dǎo)致了工作效率的下降,選項D正確。

3.根據(jù)第二段的第一句"Whatirritatedhimmost一anditwasthisthatwaschieflyresponsibleforhisdissatisfactionwithhisjob—wastohearoftheconceptionsformedabouthim..."最讓他生氣的是聽到別人對他的意見,正是這一因素導(dǎo)致了他對工作的不滿。選項D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)文字內(nèi)容可知,作者將Poseidon描述為不滿的官僚,選項A正確。其他選項均不符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第一段后半部分的內(nèi)容可知,選項A.C,D均是Poseidon無法改變職業(yè)的原因,只有選項B在文中沒有提及。

7.翻譯題

要想在這個高速發(fā)展的社會立足，你必須學(xué)會如何處理壓力問題。首先，你要重新定位你的生活需求，你真的需要那些如時裝或者新車的奢侈品嗎？如果你學(xué)會了對現(xiàn)有的生活滿足，你也許就不會想要再找份工作或者不會在辦公室度過周末。其次，定期鍛煉身體有益于減壓。不管你多忙，都要找時間鍛煉，最好是和家人和孩子一起。第三，你應(yīng)該學(xué)會放松。如果你停下去聞聞路邊的玫瑰花香，世界不會因此而停止轉(zhuǎn)動。

【答案】Youhavetolearnhowtodealwithstressforpossessingafootholdinasocietywithrapiddevelopment.Firstly,youshouldreadjustdemandforlife.Doyoureallyneedluxurygoodssuchasfashionabledressandnewcar?Ifyoulearntobesatisfiedwithcurrentlife,maybeyoudonotwanttogetanotherjoborspendyourweekendsintheoffice.Next,regularexerciseisbeneficialtorelaxingthepressure.Nomatterhowbusyyouare,youshouldtaketimetoexercise,preferablywithyourfamilyandchildren.Thirdly,youshouldlearntorelax.Ifyoustopyoursteptoenjoythesmellofrosesbythesideoftheroad,theworldwon’tstopturning.

8.單選題

OnethirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia,（）intheSanFranciscoarea.

問題1選項

A.remarkably

B.severely

C.drastically

D.predominantly

【答案】D

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。remarkably“顯著地，驚人地”；severely“嚴(yán)重地，嚴(yán)格地”；drastically“徹底地，激烈地”；predominantly“主要地，顯著地”。句意：在美國，三分之一的中國人居住在加利福尼亞，大多數(shù)主要居住在舊金山地區(qū)。選項D符合題意。

9.單選題

Heavysmokersaretwentytimesmorelikelytobe（

）bylungcancerthannon-smokers.

問題1選項

A.gripped

B.stricken

C.attacked

D.ravaged

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項grip“緊握，抓牢”；B選項strike“擊打，碰撞”，指災(zāi)難或疾病的爆發(fā)；C選項attack“攻擊，進(jìn)攻”，指暴力性的襲擊或者戰(zhàn)爭的攻擊；D選項ravage“毀壞”。由lungcancer（肺癌）可知選B符合邏輯搭配。句意：煙癮大的人患肺癌的幾率是不吸煙者的20倍。

10.單選題

Awell-fundednationalorganizationwouldbeableto___moreinfluenceinParliament.

問題1選項

A.evaluate

B.perform

C.recommend

D.exert

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.evaluate評價；估價B.perform執(zhí)行；完成；演奏

C.recommend推薦，介紹D.exert運(yùn)用，發(fā)揮；施以影響

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該是組織對國會有影響。選D.exert施以影響，符合句子邏輯。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】一個資金充足的全國性組織將能夠在議會中發(fā)揮更大的影響力。

11.單選題

CrowdcontrolcouldsoonbecomeacrucialskillforclimbersonMountEverest,asimportantasphysicalstrengthorwatchingtheweather.Inasingledaylastweek,nearly40peoplereachedthetopoftheworld—arecord.Reportssentbysatellitetelephonefrombasecampspokeofqueuesatdangerousridgesandcrowdedaspeoplepassedeachotherinthefinaldashforthe8,848meters(29,129ft)summit.

Moretraditionalmountaineerssneer(嘲笑)atthecircusatmospheresurroundingEverestinrecentyears,andtherearewarningsthatthecrowdsaremakingthemountainmoredangerous.Overcrowdinghasalreadytakenitstoll.In1996,14diedonthemountainwhenthemembersofseveralexpeditionsweretrappedathighaltitudesbysuddensnowstorm.BadweatherinearlyMayledtothisyear’sjamonthesummitridge,butthetoll,luckily,waslight.Justfourclimbersdied,includingaNepaliSherpawhohadmade11previoussuccessfulclimbing.

Traditionalistsarealsoworriedaboutthegrowingtendencyofexpeditionstosetrecordsandachieve“firsts”,ratherthansimplyclimbthemountain.Thisyear’scropofsummiteersincludedtheoldestman,64-year-oIdShermanBullfromConnecticut,andtheyoungest:16-year-oldTembaTsheriSherpaofNepal.AnAmericanwithonlyonearmwasonthemountainthisyear;anIndianwithnolegsalsotriedbuttonoavail.Inthemostspectacularfeat,ErikWeihenmeyer,anAmerican,becamethefirstblindpersontoreachthetopoftheworld.Hisfellowclimbersstayedinfrontofhimonthewayup,describingtheterrainandringingbells.

NepalviewsMountEverestassomethingofacashcow;thegovernmentchargesexpeditionsaminimumof$70,000.ThatisprobablywhyofficialsinKatmanduareignoringconcernsaboutovercrowdingandtalkingaboutevenmoreclimberscomingnextyear.Butacelebrationofthe48thanniversaryofthefirstconquestofEverest,bySirEdmundHillaryandSherpaTenzingNorgay,wascancelledafterviolentstrikes,calledbytheCommunistopposition.Retuningclimberswhothoughttheirchallengewasoverhadtowalkfromhoteltoairportsotheycouldflyhometotheusualtriumphalwelcome.TumultuousNepalipolitics,itseems,couldbejustthecrowd-controlmeasurethatEverestneeds.

1.WhatisimportanttoclimbersonMountEverest?

2.Moreaccidentshavehappenedinrecentyearsdueto（

）.

3.Severalsummiteersarementionedinthethirdparagraphtoshow

（

）.

4.TheattitudeoftheNepaligovernmenttowardthecircusatmosphereis

（

）.

5.AnanniversarycelebrationofthefirstconquestofEverestwascancelleddueto（

）.

問題1選項

A.Watchingtheweather.

B.Makingafinaldash.

C.Psychologicaladjustment.

D.Groupmanagement.

問題2選項

A.badgeographicalconditions

B.carelessnessoftheclimbers

C.overcrowding

D.snowstorms

問題3選項

A.theircourage

B.theirdiversity

C.theirgreatachievements

D.theircommonmotivation

問題4選項

A.indifferent

B.welcoming

C.worried

D.concerned

問題5選項

A.overcrowding

B.politicalreasons

C.thereturningoftheclimbers

D.thelackofcrowd-controlmeasure

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞importanttoclimbers定位到文章第一段中，由第一段第一句CrowdcontrolcouldsoonbecomeacrucialskillforclimbersonMountEverest,asimportantasphysicalstrengthorwatchingtheweather（人群控制很快就會成為珠穆朗瑪峰登山者的一項關(guān)鍵技能，與身體素質(zhì)和觀察天氣一樣重要）可知身體素質(zhì)與觀察天氣對登山者很重要，因此選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞accidents定位至文章第二段中，由第一段第一二句MoretraditionalmountaineerssneeratthecircusatmospheresurroundingEverestinrecentyears,andtherearewarningsthatthecrowdsaremakingthemountainmoredangerous.Overcrowdinghasalreadytakenitstoll.（近年來，越來越多的傳統(tǒng)登山者嘲笑珠穆朗瑪峰周圍的氣氛，并警告說，人群正在使珠穆朗瑪峰變得更加危險。過度擁擠已經(jīng)造成了損失）可知C選項“過度擁擠”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Traditionalistsarealsoworriedaboutthegrowingtendencyofexpeditionstosetrecordsandachieve“firsts”，ratherthansimplyclimbthemountain.（傳統(tǒng)主義者也擔(dān)心探險隊越來越傾向于創(chuàng)造記錄并取得“第一”，而不是簡單地爬山）可推測后面所舉的Severalsummiteers例子是為了說明他們的動機(jī)，因此選D。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題?！皌hecircusatmosphere（馬戲團(tuán)氣氛）”暗指“人群擁擠”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Nepali定位到文章最后一段中，由NepalviewsMountEverestassomethingofacashcow;thegovernmentchargesexpeditionsaminimumof$70,000.ThatisprobablywhyofficialsinKatmanduareignoringconcernsaboutovercrowdingandtalkingaboutevenmoreclimberscomingnextyear.（尼泊爾將珠穆朗瑪峰視為搖錢樹；政府對探險的收費(fèi)最低為7萬美元。這可能就是加德滿都官員忽視了過度擁擠的擔(dān)憂，并談?wù)撁髂陮⒂懈嗟巧秸叩絹淼脑颍┛芍岵礌栒畬⒅槟吕尸敺瀹?dāng)作賺錢的工具，對人群過度擁擠的問題視而不見，因此A選項“漠不關(guān)心的”符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thefirstconquestofEverest定位到文章最后一段中，由Butacelebrationofthe48thanniversaryofthefirstconquestofEverest,bySirEdmundHillaryandSherpaTenzingNorgay,wascancelledafterviolentstrikes（但SirEdmundHillary和SherpaTenzingNorgay舉行的第一次征服珠穆朗瑪峰48周年紀(jì)念活動，在暴力襲擊后被取消）和TumultuousNepalipolitics,itseems,couldbejustthecrowd-controlmeasurethatEverestneeds.（混亂的尼泊爾政治，似乎只是珠穆朗瑪峰需要的人群控制措施）可知取消的原因是violentstrikes，結(jié)合本文一直提及的“人群擁擠”問題，可推測violentstrikes指的是“過度擁擠”，因此選A。

12.單選題

Viruses,infectiousparticlesconsistingofnucleicacidpackagedinaproteincoat(thecapsid),aredifficulttoresist.Unabletoreproduceoutsidealivingcell,virusesreproduceonlybysubvertingthegeneticmechanismsofahostcell.Inonekindofvirallifecycle,thevirusfirstbindstothecell’ssurface,thenpenetratesthecellandshedsitscapsid.Theexposedviralnucleicacidproducesnewvirusesfromthecontentsofthecell.Finally,thecellreleasestheviralprogeny,andanewcellcycleofinfectionbegins.

Thehumanbodyrespondstoaviralinfectionbyproducingantibodies:complex,highlyspecificproteinsthatselectivelybindtoforeignmoleculessuchasviruses.Anantibodycaneitherinterferewithavirus’sabilitybindtoacell,orcanpreventitfromreleasingitsnucleicacid.

Unfortunately,thecommoncold,producedmostoftenbyrhinoviruses,isintractabletoantiviraldefense.Humanshavedifficultyresistingcoldsbecauserhinovirusesaresodiverse,includingatleast100strains.Thestrainsdiffermostinthemolecularstructureoftheproteinsintheircapsids.Sincedisease-fightingantibodiesbindtothecapsid,anantibodydevelopedtoprotectagainst-onerhinovirusstrainisuselessagainstotherstrains.Differentantibodiesmustbeproducedforeachstrain.

Adefenseagainstrhinovirusesmightnonethelesssucceedbyexploitinghiddensimilaritiesamongtherhinovirusstrains.Forexample,mostrhinovirusstrainsbindtothesamekindofmolecule(delta-receptors)onacell’ssurfacewhentheyattackhumancells.Colonno,takingadvantageofthesecommonreceptors,devisedastrategyforblockingtheattachmentofrhinovirusestotheirappropriatereceptors.Ratherthanfruitlesslysearchingforanantibodythatwouldbindtoallrhinoviruses,Colonnorealizedthatanantibodybindingtothecommonreceptorsofahumancellwouldpreventrhinovirusesfrominitiatinganinfection.Becausehumancellsnormallydonotdevelopantibodiestocomponentsoftheirowncells,Colonnoinjectedhumancellsintomice,whichdidproduceanantibodytothecommonreceptor.Inisolatedhumancells,thisantibodyprovedtobeextraordinarilyeffectiveatthwartingtherhinovirus.Moreover,whentheantibodywasgiventochimpanzees,itinhibitedrhinoviralgrowth,andinhumansitlessenedboththeseverityanddurationofcoldsymptoms.

AnotherpossibledefenseagainstrhinoviruseswasproposedbyRossman,whodescribedrhinoviruses’detailedmolecularStructure.Rossmanshowedthatproteinsequencescommontoallrhinovirusstrainslieatthebaseofadeep“canyon”scoringeachfaceoftheCapsid.Thenarrowopeningofthiscanyorpossiblypreventstherelativelylargeantibodymoleculesfrombindingtothecommonsequence,butsmallermoleculesmightreachit.Amongthesesmaller,nonantibodymolecules,somemightbindtothecommonsequence,lockthenucleicacidinitscoat,andtherebypreventthevirusfromreproducing.

54.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.

55.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheproteinsequencesofthecapsidthatvarymostamongstrainsofrhinovirusarethose______.

56.Whichofthefollowingresearchstrategiesfordevelopingadefenseagainstthecommoncoldwouldtheauthorbelikelytofindmostpromising?

57.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthepurposeofColonno’sexperimentswastodeterminewhether______.

問題1選項

A.discussviralmechanismsandpossiblewaysofcircumventingcertainkindsofthosemechanisms

B.challengerecentresearchonhowrhinovirusesbindtoreceptorsonthesurfacesofcells

C.suggestfutureresearchonrhinoviralgrowthinchimpanzees

D.defendacontroversialresearchprogramwhosepurposeistodiscoverthemolecularstructureofrhinoviruscapsids

問題2選項

A.atthebaseofthe“canyon”

B.outsideofthe“canyon”

C.responsibleforproducingnucleicacid

D.responsibleforpreventingtheformationofdelta-receptors

問題3選項

A.Continuingtolookforageneralantirhinoviralantibody.

B.Searchingforcommoncell-surfacereceptorsinhumansandmice.

C.Continuingtolookforsimilaritiesamongthevariousstrainsofrhinovirus.

D.Discoveringhowthehumanbodyproducesantibodiesinresponsetoarhinoviralinfection.

問題4選項

A.chimpanzeesandhumanscanbothbeinfectedbyrhinoviruses

B.chimpanzeescanproduceantibodiestohumancell-surfacereceptors

C.arhinovirus’nucleicacidmightbelockedinitsproteincoat

D.bindingantibodiestocommonreceptorscouldproduceapossibledefenseagainstrhinoviruses

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】54.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題干意思是“文章的主要目的是……”。文章開始先闡述的病毒的繁殖和人體的抗體反映，接著引用了鼻病毒來討論病毒的攻擊機(jī)制以及抵御這種機(jī)制的辦法，故A項“討論病毒機(jī)制和規(guī)避某些機(jī)制的可能方法”符合題意；B項“挑戰(zhàn)最近關(guān)于鼻病毒如何與細(xì)胞表面受體結(jié)合的研究”、C項“建議對黑猩猩鼻病毒生長的未來研究”和D項“為一個旨在發(fā)現(xiàn)鼻病毒衣殼分子結(jié)構(gòu)的有爭議的研究項目辯護(hù)”都不夠全面。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

55.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中可以推斷出，鼻病毒株衣殼蛋白序列差異最大的是……的那些”。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的Rossmanshowedthatproteinsequencescommontoallrhinovirusstrainslieatthebaseofadeep“canyon”scoringeachfaceoftheCapsid.（羅斯曼指出，所有鼻病毒株共有的蛋白質(zhì)序列位于衣殼表面的一個深“峽谷”的底部。）可知，擁有共同的蛋白質(zhì)序列的鼻病毒株都是位于衣殼表面的一個深“峽谷”的底部里，那么“峽谷”外的那些鼻病毒株則是沒有共同的蛋白質(zhì)序列，所以“峽谷”外的鼻病毒株的衣殼蛋白序列差異最大，故B項“‘峽谷’外”正確；A項“在‘峽谷’的底部”錯誤；C項“負(fù)責(zé)生產(chǎn)核酸”和D項“負(fù)責(zé)阻止受體的形成”并不符合題干。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

56.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“關(guān)于對普通感冒的防御，以下哪一種是作者認(rèn)為可能是最有希望的方法？”。由第四段第一句Adefenseagainstrhinovirusesmightnonethelesssucceedbyexploitinghiddensimilaritiesamongtherhinovirusstrains.（盡管如此，通過利用鼻病毒株之間隱藏的相似性，對鼻病毒的防御可能會成功。）可知，C項“繼續(xù)尋找各種鼻病毒株之間的相似性”正確；根據(jù)第三段中的Humanshavedifficultyresistingcoldsbecauserhinovirusesaresodiverse,includingatleast100strains…Sincedisease-fightingantibodiesbindtothecapsid,anantibodydevelopedtoprotectagainst-onerhinovirusstrainisuselessagainstotherstrains.Differentantibodiesmustbeproducedforeachstrain.（人類很難抵抗感冒，因?yàn)楸遣《痉N類繁多，至少有100種……由于抗病抗體與衣殼結(jié)合，一種用于對抗一種鼻病毒株的抗體對其他病毒株無效。每個毒株必須產(chǎn)生不同的抗體。）可知，鼻病毒種類很多，只尋找一般的抗鼻病毒抗體是難以對抗感冒的，A項“繼續(xù)尋找一般的抗鼻病毒抗體”錯誤；B項“尋找人類和小鼠中常見的細(xì)胞表面受體”，只是Colonno設(shè)計的一個防止鼻病毒引發(fā)感染的一個實(shí)驗(yàn)過程，該項不選；D項“發(fā)現(xiàn)人體如何產(chǎn)生抗體以應(yīng)對鼻病毒感染”文中沒有提及。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

57.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中可以推斷出，Colonno實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是確定是否……”。根據(jù)第四段中的Ratherthanfruitlesslysearchingforanantibodythatwouldbindtoallrhinoviruses,Colonnorealizedthatanantibodybindingtothecommonreceptorsofahumancellwouldpreventrhinovirusesfrominitiatinganinfection.（科洛諾不是徒勞地尋找一種能與所有鼻病毒結(jié)合的抗體，而是意識到一種與人類細(xì)胞的普通受體結(jié)合的抗體可以防止鼻病毒引發(fā)感染。）可推斷，Colonno實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是確定與人類細(xì)胞的普通受體結(jié)合的抗體是否可以防止鼻病毒引發(fā)感染，D項“與普通受體結(jié)合的抗體可能產(chǎn)生一種對抗鼻病毒的防御”正確；A項“黑猩猩和人類都可以被鼻病毒感染”只是實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程，并不是目的；B項“黑猩猩能產(chǎn)生對人類細(xì)胞表面受體的抗體”，根據(jù)第四段對該實(shí)驗(yàn)的描述Becausehumancellsnormallydonotdevelopantibodiestocomponentsoftheirowncells,Colonnoinjectedhumancellsintomice,whichdidproduceanantibodytothecommonreceptor.（由于人類細(xì)胞通常不會產(chǎn)生針對自身細(xì)胞成分的抗體，Colonno將人類細(xì)胞注射到小鼠體內(nèi)，小鼠確實(shí)產(chǎn)生了針對共同受體的抗體。），可知產(chǎn)生對人類細(xì)胞表面受體的抗體是小老鼠，而黑猩猩只是被注射了小鼠產(chǎn)生的抗體，該項錯誤；C項“鼻病毒的核酸可能被鎖在它的蛋白質(zhì)外殼中”并不是Colonno的實(shí)驗(yàn)。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

13.單選題

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvan